[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":12161},["ShallowReactive",2],{"post-en-how-to-read-french-pharmacy-label":3,"related-how-to-read-french-pharmacy-label-en":3281},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":3261,"excerpt":3262,"extension":3263,"featured":3264,"locale":3265,"meta":3266,"navigation":3264,"path":3267,"publishedAt":3268,"seo":3269,"seoDescription":3270,"seoTitle":3271,"slug":3272,"stem":3273,"tags":3274,"targetLanguage":166,"updatedAt":3268,"__hash__":3280},"blog\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fhow-to-read-french-pharmacy-label.md","How to Read a French Pharmacy Label: Posologie, Voie Orale, Matin et Soir and Notice",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":3227},"minimark",[9,18,21,24,130,133,140,143,146,151,154,483,501,505,508,514,522,530,546,562,582,598,602,608,725,728,789,795,799,802,994,996,1047,1059,1063,1069,1176,1178,1238,1248,1252,1255,1363,1365,1409,1412,1416,1419,1495,1497,1541,1547,1551,1554,1662,1664,1715,1723,1727,1733,1736,1837,1840,1844,1847,1952,1954,2007,2010,2014,2017,2098,2100,2150,2153,2157,2160,2262,2264,2308,2313,2317,2320,2445,2447,2490,2493,2497,2500,2643,2645,2688,2691,2695,2698,2780,2783,2831,2834,2838,2841,2941,2948,2952,3045,3048,3052,3055,3092,3095,3099,3104,3109,3113,3120,3124,3133,3137,3143,3147,3153,3157,3162,3166,3172,3176,3184,3188],[10,11,12,13,17],"p",{},"If you are trying to figure out ",[14,15,16],"strong",{},"how to read a French pharmacy label",", slow down more than you would with a train ticket, receipt or apartment listing.",[10,19,20],{},"A medicine box, pharmacy sticker, prescription, receipt or package insert can include the medicine name, strength, form, dose, route, timing, duration, refills, storage rules, expiry date, batch number, contraindications, side effects and warnings. Some of those words are ordinary vocabulary. Some affect how a medicine is used.",[10,22,23],{},"Start with the questions that matter most:",[25,26,27,35,41,47,54,60,77,91,103,118,123],"ul",{},[28,29,30,31,34],"li",{},"What is the ",[14,32,33],{},"nom du médicament","?",[28,36,30,37,40],{},[14,38,39],{},"dosage"," or strength?",[28,42,30,43,46],{},[14,44,45],{},"forme pharmaceutique",": tablet, capsule, drops, cream, syrup?",[28,48,49,50,53],{},"What does the ",[14,51,52],{},"posologie"," say?",[28,55,30,56,59],{},[14,57,58],{},"voie d'administration",": oral, skin, eye, nose, ear, rectal?",[28,61,62,63,66,67,66,70,73,74,34],{},"Does it say ",[14,64,65],{},"matin",", ",[14,68,69],{},"midi",[14,71,72],{},"soir"," or ",[14,75,76],{},"au coucher",[28,78,62,79,66,82,66,85,73,88,34],{},[14,80,81],{},"à jeun",[14,83,84],{},"avant le repas",[14,86,87],{},"pendant le repas",[14,89,90],{},"après le repas",[28,92,93,94,66,97,66,100,34],{},"How long is the treatment: ",[14,95,96],{},"pendant 5 jours",[14,98,99],{},"jusqu'à disparition des symptômes",[14,101,102],{},"si besoin",[28,104,105,106,66,109,66,112,73,115,34],{},"Are there ",[14,107,108],{},"contre-indications",[14,110,111],{},"interactions",[14,113,114],{},"effets indésirables",[14,116,117],{},"précautions d'emploi",[28,119,30,120,34],{},[14,121,122],{},"date de péremption",[28,124,125,126,129],{},"Is there a ",[14,127,128],{},"notice"," you should read?",[10,131,132],{},"Once you know the core French pharmacy words, the label becomes easier to scan. But if the dose, timing, warning or medicine name is unclear, ask the pharmacist before taking anything.",[10,134,135],{},[136,137],"img",{"alt":138,"src":139},"French pharmacy label guide","\u002Fblog\u002Ffrench-pharmacy-label-guide.svg",[10,141,142],{},"This guide explains the French words you are most likely to see on medication packaging, pharmacy labels, prescription instructions, medicine leaflets, over-the-counter medicine boxes and pharmacy receipts in France.",[10,144,145],{},"This article is for reading and vocabulary help. It is not medical advice. Medicines can be dangerous if misunderstood, mixed incorrectly or taken at the wrong dose. Confirm instructions with a pharmacist, doctor or the official medicine notice.",[147,148,150],"h2",{"id":149},"the-most-important-french-pharmacy-words","The most important French pharmacy words",[10,152,153],{},"Start with these words. They carry most of the meaning on a French medication label or notice.",[155,156,157,173],"table",{},[158,159,160],"thead",{},[161,162,163,167,170],"tr",{},[164,165,166],"th",{},"French",[164,168,169],{},"Meaning",[164,171,172],{},"Why it matters",[174,175,176,188,199,210,221,232,243,253,263,273,284,295,306,317,328,338,348,359,370,380,390,401,411,422,432,442,452,462,472],"tbody",{},[161,177,178,182,185],{},[179,180,181],"td",{},"médicament",[179,183,184],{},"Medicine \u002F medication",[179,186,187],{},"General word for medicine",[161,189,190,193,196],{},[179,191,192],{},"ordonnance",[179,194,195],{},"Prescription",[179,197,198],{},"Doctor's prescription",[161,200,201,204,207],{},[179,202,203],{},"sans ordonnance",[179,205,206],{},"Without prescription",[179,208,209],{},"Over-the-counter",[161,211,212,215,218],{},[179,213,214],{},"sur ordonnance",[179,216,217],{},"On prescription",[179,219,220],{},"Prescription required",[161,222,223,226,229],{},[179,224,225],{},"pharmacien \u002F pharmacienne",[179,227,228],{},"Pharmacist",[179,230,231],{},"Person to ask for help",[161,233,234,237,240],{},[179,235,236],{},"pharmacie",[179,238,239],{},"Pharmacy",[179,241,242],{},"Where medicines are dispensed",[161,244,245,247,250],{},[179,246,33],{},[179,248,249],{},"Medicine name",[179,251,252],{},"Confirms what the medicine is",[161,254,255,257,260],{},[179,256,39],{},[179,258,259],{},"Strength \u002F dose strength",[179,261,262],{},"Example: 500 mg",[161,264,265,267,270],{},[179,266,45],{},[179,268,269],{},"Pharmaceutical form",[179,271,272],{},"Tablet, capsule, syrup, cream",[161,274,275,278,281],{},[179,276,277],{},"comprimé",[179,279,280],{},"Tablet",[179,282,283],{},"Often abbreviated as cp",[161,285,286,289,292],{},[179,287,288],{},"gélule",[179,290,291],{},"Capsule",[179,293,294],{},"Often abbreviated as gél",[161,296,297,300,303],{},[179,298,299],{},"solution buvable",[179,301,302],{},"Oral solution",[179,304,305],{},"Liquid taken by mouth",[161,307,308,311,314],{},[179,309,310],{},"gouttes",[179,312,313],{},"Drops",[179,315,316],{},"Often eye, ear, nose or oral drops",[161,318,319,322,325],{},[179,320,321],{},"crème \u002F pommade",[179,323,324],{},"Cream \u002F ointment",[179,326,327],{},"Skin treatment",[161,329,330,332,335],{},[179,331,52],{},[179,333,334],{},"Dosage instructions",[179,336,337],{},"How much and how often",[161,339,340,342,345],{},[179,341,58],{},[179,343,344],{},"Route of administration",[179,346,347],{},"How the medicine is used",[161,349,350,353,356],{},[179,351,352],{},"voie orale",[179,354,355],{},"Oral route",[179,357,358],{},"Taken by mouth",[161,360,361,364,367],{},[179,362,363],{},"matin \u002F midi \u002F soir",[179,365,366],{},"Morning \u002F noon \u002F evening",[179,368,369],{},"Timing",[161,371,372,374,377],{},[179,373,81],{},[179,375,376],{},"On an empty stomach",[179,378,379],{},"Timing relative to food",[161,381,382,385,388],{},[179,383,384],{},"au cours du repas",[179,386,387],{},"During the meal",[179,389,379],{},[161,391,392,395,398],{},[179,393,394],{},"pendant",[179,396,397],{},"For \u002F during",[179,399,400],{},"Treatment length",[161,402,403,405,408],{},[179,404,102],{},[179,406,407],{},"If needed",[179,409,410],{},"Not always scheduled",[161,412,413,416,419],{},[179,414,415],{},"ne pas dépasser",[179,417,418],{},"Do not exceed",[179,420,421],{},"Dose warning",[161,423,424,426,429],{},[179,425,128],{},[179,427,428],{},"Package insert \u002F leaflet",[179,430,431],{},"Official patient information",[161,433,434,436,439],{},[179,435,114],{},[179,437,438],{},"Side effects",[179,440,441],{},"Possible unwanted effects",[161,443,444,446,449],{},[179,445,108],{},[179,447,448],{},"Contraindications",[179,450,451],{},"When not to use it",[161,453,454,456,459],{},[179,455,111],{},[179,457,458],{},"Interactions",[179,460,461],{},"Possible conflict with other medicines",[161,463,464,466,469],{},[179,465,122],{},[179,467,468],{},"Expiry date",[179,470,471],{},"Do not ignore",[161,473,474,477,480],{},[179,475,476],{},"lot",[179,478,479],{},"Batch number",[179,481,482],{},"Product traceability",[10,484,485,486,66,488,66,490,66,492,66,495,497,498,500],{},"If you only remember six terms, remember ",[14,487,52],{},[14,489,352],{},[14,491,277],{},[14,493,494],{},"matin et soir",[14,496,81],{}," and ",[14,499,122],{},".",[147,502,504],{"id":503},"read-the-label-in-this-order","Read the label in this order",[10,506,507],{},"Do not start by translating every tiny word on the box. Read the label like someone trying to avoid a mistake.",[10,509,510],{},[136,511],{"alt":512,"src":513},"French pharmacy label reading order","\u002Fblog\u002Ffrench-pharmacy-label-reading-order.svg",[10,515,516,517,497,519,521],{},"First, confirm the ",[14,518,33],{},[14,520,39],{},". A small difference in strength can matter.",[10,523,524,525,497,527,529],{},"Second, check the ",[14,526,45],{},[14,528,58],{},". A tablet, cream, eye drop and nasal spray are used very differently.",[10,531,532,533,535,536,66,539,66,542,66,544,500],{},"Third, read the ",[14,534,52],{},". Look for the amount, frequency and timing: ",[14,537,538],{},"1 comprimé",[14,540,541],{},"2 fois par jour",[14,543,494],{},[14,545,84],{},[10,547,548,549,66,551,66,554,66,557,73,559,500],{},"Fourth, find the duration: ",[14,550,96],{},[14,552,553],{},"pendant 7 jours",[14,555,556],{},"jusqu'à la fin de la boîte",[14,558,102],{},[14,560,561],{},"à renouveler",[10,563,564,565,66,567,66,569,66,571,66,573,66,576,66,579,500],{},"Fifth, look for warnings: ",[14,566,415],{},[14,568,108],{},[14,570,117],{},[14,572,111],{},[14,574,575],{},"grossesse",[14,577,578],{},"allaitement",[14,580,581],{},"conduite",[10,583,584,585,66,587,66,589,66,592,595,596,500],{},"Sixth, check the practical details: ",[14,586,122],{},[14,588,476],{},[14,590,591],{},"à conserver",[14,593,594],{},"tenir hors de portée des enfants"," and the ",[14,597,128],{},[147,599,601],{"id":600},"posologie-the-most-important-word","Posologie: the most important word",[10,603,604,607],{},[14,605,606],{},"Posologie"," means dosage instructions: how much to take, how often, and sometimes when.",[155,609,610,618],{},[158,611,612],{},[161,613,614,616],{},[164,615,166],{},[164,617,169],{},[174,619,620,626,634,642,650,658,666,674,681,688,695,703,711,719],{},[161,621,622,624],{},[179,623,52],{},[179,625,334],{},[161,627,628,631],{},[179,629,630],{},"dose",[179,632,633],{},"Dose",[161,635,636,639],{},[179,637,638],{},"dose maximale",[179,640,641],{},"Maximum dose",[161,643,644,647],{},[179,645,646],{},"prise",[179,648,649],{},"Dose \u002F taking",[161,651,652,655],{},[179,653,654],{},"par prise",[179,656,657],{},"Per dose",[161,659,660,663],{},[179,661,662],{},"par jour",[179,664,665],{},"Per day",[161,667,668,671],{},[179,669,670],{},"fois par jour",[179,672,673],{},"Times per day",[161,675,676,678],{},[179,677,65],{},[179,679,680],{},"Morning",[161,682,683,685],{},[179,684,69],{},[179,686,687],{},"Noon \u002F midday",[161,689,690,692],{},[179,691,72],{},[179,693,694],{},"Evening",[161,696,697,700],{},[179,698,699],{},"coucher \u002F au coucher",[179,701,702],{},"Bedtime",[161,704,705,708],{},[179,706,707],{},"toutes les 6 heures",[179,709,710],{},"Every 6 hours",[161,712,713,716],{},[179,714,715],{},"espacer les prises",[179,717,718],{},"Space out doses",[161,720,721,723],{},[179,722,415],{},[179,724,418],{},[10,726,727],{},"Examples:",[155,729,730,739],{},[158,731,732],{},[161,733,734,737],{},[164,735,736],{},"Label says",[164,738,169],{},[174,740,741,749,757,765,773,781],{},[161,742,743,746],{},[179,744,745],{},"1 comprimé matin et soir",[179,747,748],{},"1 tablet morning and evening",[161,750,751,754],{},[179,752,753],{},"1 gélule 3 fois par jour",[179,755,756],{},"1 capsule 3 times a day",[161,758,759,762],{},[179,760,761],{},"2 pulvérisations par narine",[179,763,764],{},"2 sprays per nostril",[161,766,767,770],{},[179,768,769],{},"1 sachet par jour",[179,771,772],{},"1 sachet per day",[161,774,775,778],{},[179,776,777],{},"Toutes les 8 heures",[179,779,780],{},"Every 8 hours",[161,782,783,786],{},[179,784,785],{},"Ne pas dépasser 3 prises par jour",[179,787,788],{},"Do not exceed 3 doses per day",[10,790,791,792,794],{},"The word ",[14,793,646],{}," can feel strange at first. On a medication label, it usually means one time taking the medicine, not \"taking\" in a general abstract sense.",[147,796,798],{"id":797},"comprimé-gélule-sachet-and-other-forms","Comprimé, gélule, sachet and other forms",[10,800,801],{},"The form tells you what kind of medicine you have.",[155,803,804,815],{},[158,805,806],{},[161,807,808,810,813],{},[164,809,166],{},[164,811,812],{},"Common abbreviation",[164,814,169],{},[174,816,817,826,837,848,857,868,879,890,900,910,919,930,941,951,961,972,983],{},[161,818,819,821,824],{},[179,820,277],{},[179,822,823],{},"cp \u002F cpr",[179,825,280],{},[161,827,828,831,834],{},[179,829,830],{},"comprimé pelliculé",[179,832,833],{},"cp pelliculé",[179,835,836],{},"Film-coated tablet",[161,838,839,842,845],{},[179,840,841],{},"comprimé effervescent",[179,843,844],{},"cp effervescent",[179,846,847],{},"Effervescent tablet",[161,849,850,852,855],{},[179,851,288],{},[179,853,854],{},"gél",[179,856,291],{},[161,858,859,862,865],{},[179,860,861],{},"capsule",[179,863,864],{},"cap",[179,866,867],{},"Capsule \u002F soft capsule",[161,869,870,873,876],{},[179,871,872],{},"sachet",[179,874,875],{},"sach",[179,877,878],{},"Sachet \u002F packet",[161,880,881,884,887],{},[179,882,883],{},"ampoule",[179,885,886],{},"amp",[179,888,889],{},"Ampoule",[161,891,892,894,897],{},[179,893,299],{},[179,895,896],{},"sol. buv.",[179,898,899],{},"Oral liquid",[161,901,902,905,907],{},[179,903,904],{},"sirop",[179,906,904],{},[179,908,909],{},"Syrup",[161,911,912,914,917],{},[179,913,310],{},[179,915,916],{},"gttes",[179,918,313],{},[161,920,921,924,927],{},[179,922,923],{},"crème",[179,925,926],{},"cr.",[179,928,929],{},"Cream",[161,931,932,935,938],{},[179,933,934],{},"pommade",[179,936,937],{},"pom.",[179,939,940],{},"Ointment",[161,942,943,946,948],{},[179,944,945],{},"gel",[179,947,945],{},[179,949,950],{},"Gel",[161,952,953,956,958],{},[179,954,955],{},"collyre",[179,957,955],{},[179,959,960],{},"Eye drops",[161,962,963,966,969],{},[179,964,965],{},"spray \u002F pulvérisation",[179,967,968],{},"pulv.",[179,970,971],{},"Spray",[161,973,974,977,980],{},[179,975,976],{},"suppositoire",[179,978,979],{},"suppo",[179,981,982],{},"Suppository",[161,984,985,988,991],{},[179,986,987],{},"patch \u002F dispositif transdermique",[179,989,990],{},"patch",[179,992,993],{},"Skin patch",[10,995,727],{},[155,997,998,1006],{},[158,999,1000],{},[161,1001,1002,1004],{},[164,1003,736],{},[164,1005,169],{},[174,1007,1008,1016,1024,1031,1039],{},[161,1009,1010,1013],{},[179,1011,1012],{},"Boîte de 16 comprimés",[179,1014,1015],{},"Box of 16 tablets",[161,1017,1018,1021],{},[179,1019,1020],{},"Gélules à avaler",[179,1022,1023],{},"Capsules to swallow",[161,1025,1026,1029],{},[179,1027,1028],{},"Solution buvable",[179,1030,899],{},[161,1032,1033,1036],{},[179,1034,1035],{},"Collyre en solution",[179,1037,1038],{},"Eye-drop solution",[161,1040,1041,1044],{},[179,1042,1043],{},"Crème pour application cutanée",[179,1045,1046],{},"Cream for use on skin",[10,1048,1049,1050,66,1052,66,1054,497,1056,1058],{},"Do not assume the English-looking word behaves the same way in every context. ",[14,1051,291],{},[14,1053,288],{},[14,1055,277],{},[14,1057,872],{}," are not interchangeable.",[147,1060,1062],{"id":1061},"voie-orale-cutanée-nasale-and-other-routes","Voie orale, cutanée, nasale and other routes",[10,1064,1065,1068],{},[14,1066,1067],{},"Voie d'administration"," means the route: how the medicine enters or is used on the body.",[155,1070,1071,1079],{},[158,1072,1073],{},[161,1074,1075,1077],{},[164,1076,166],{},[164,1078,169],{},[174,1080,1081,1088,1096,1104,1112,1120,1128,1136,1144,1152,1160,1168],{},[161,1082,1083,1085],{},[179,1084,352],{},[179,1086,1087],{},"Oral route \u002F by mouth",[161,1089,1090,1093],{},[179,1091,1092],{},"par voie orale",[179,1094,1095],{},"By mouth",[161,1097,1098,1101],{},[179,1099,1100],{},"voie cutanée",[179,1102,1103],{},"Skin route",[161,1105,1106,1109],{},[179,1107,1108],{},"application cutanée",[179,1110,1111],{},"Apply to the skin",[161,1113,1114,1117],{},[179,1115,1116],{},"voie nasale",[179,1118,1119],{},"Nasal route",[161,1121,1122,1125],{},[179,1123,1124],{},"voie ophtalmique",[179,1126,1127],{},"Eye route",[161,1129,1130,1133],{},[179,1131,1132],{},"voie auriculaire",[179,1134,1135],{},"Ear route",[161,1137,1138,1141],{},[179,1139,1140],{},"voie rectale",[179,1142,1143],{},"Rectal route",[161,1145,1146,1149],{},[179,1147,1148],{},"voie vaginale",[179,1150,1151],{},"Vaginal route",[161,1153,1154,1157],{},[179,1155,1156],{},"voie sublinguale",[179,1158,1159],{},"Under the tongue",[161,1161,1162,1165],{},[179,1163,1164],{},"inhalation",[179,1166,1167],{},"Inhalation",[161,1169,1170,1173],{},[179,1171,1172],{},"injection",[179,1174,1175],{},"Injection",[10,1177,727],{},[155,1179,1180,1188],{},[158,1181,1182],{},[161,1183,1184,1186],{},[164,1185,736],{},[164,1187,169],{},[174,1189,1190,1198,1206,1214,1222,1230],{},[161,1191,1192,1195],{},[179,1193,1194],{},"Voie orale",[179,1196,1197],{},"Take by mouth",[161,1199,1200,1203],{},[179,1201,1202],{},"À avaler avec un verre d'eau",[179,1204,1205],{},"Swallow with a glass of water",[161,1207,1208,1211],{},[179,1209,1210],{},"Application cutanée",[179,1212,1213],{},"Apply to skin",[161,1215,1216,1219],{},[179,1217,1218],{},"Ne pas avaler",[179,1220,1221],{},"Do not swallow",[161,1223,1224,1227],{},[179,1225,1226],{},"Usage externe",[179,1228,1229],{},"External use",[161,1231,1232,1235],{},[179,1233,1234],{},"Réservé à l'adulte",[179,1236,1237],{},"For adults only",[10,1239,1240,1241,73,1244,1247],{},"The route is one of the most important parts of the label. If a product says ",[14,1242,1243],{},"usage externe",[14,1245,1246],{},"ne pas avaler",", do not treat it like an oral medicine.",[147,1249,1251],{"id":1250},"timing-matin-midi-soir-au-coucher","Timing: matin, midi, soir, au coucher",[10,1253,1254],{},"French medication instructions often use simple time-of-day words.",[155,1256,1257,1265],{},[158,1258,1259],{},[161,1260,1261,1263],{},[164,1262,166],{},[164,1264,169],{},[174,1266,1267,1273,1281,1287,1295,1301,1309,1316,1324,1331,1339,1347,1355],{},[161,1268,1269,1271],{},[179,1270,65],{},[179,1272,680],{},[161,1274,1275,1278],{},[179,1276,1277],{},"le matin",[179,1279,1280],{},"In the morning",[161,1282,1283,1285],{},[179,1284,69],{},[179,1286,687],{},[161,1288,1289,1292],{},[179,1290,1291],{},"le midi",[179,1293,1294],{},"At midday",[161,1296,1297,1299],{},[179,1298,72],{},[179,1300,694],{},[161,1302,1303,1306],{},[179,1304,1305],{},"le soir",[179,1307,1308],{},"In the evening",[161,1310,1311,1313],{},[179,1312,76],{},[179,1314,1315],{},"At bedtime",[161,1317,1318,1321],{},[179,1319,1320],{},"avant le coucher",[179,1322,1323],{},"Before bedtime",[161,1325,1326,1328],{},[179,1327,494],{},[179,1329,1330],{},"Morning and evening",[161,1332,1333,1336],{},[179,1334,1335],{},"matin, midi et soir",[179,1337,1338],{},"Morning, noon and evening",[161,1340,1341,1344],{},[179,1342,1343],{},"une fois par jour",[179,1345,1346],{},"Once a day",[161,1348,1349,1352],{},[179,1350,1351],{},"deux fois par jour",[179,1353,1354],{},"Twice a day",[161,1356,1357,1360],{},[179,1358,1359],{},"trois fois par jour",[179,1361,1362],{},"Three times a day",[10,1364,727],{},[155,1366,1367,1375],{},[158,1368,1369],{},[161,1370,1371,1373],{},[164,1372,736],{},[164,1374,169],{},[174,1376,1377,1385,1393,1401],{},[161,1378,1379,1382],{},[179,1380,1381],{},"1 comprimé le matin",[179,1383,1384],{},"1 tablet in the morning",[161,1386,1387,1390],{},[179,1388,1389],{},"1 gélule matin et soir",[179,1391,1392],{},"1 capsule morning and evening",[161,1394,1395,1398],{},[179,1396,1397],{},"1 sachet au coucher",[179,1399,1400],{},"1 sachet at bedtime",[161,1402,1403,1406],{},[179,1404,1405],{},"1 prise toutes les 12 heures",[179,1407,1408],{},"1 dose every 12 hours",[10,1410,1411],{},"If the label uses both time-of-day words and hourly spacing, ask the pharmacist how to schedule it if you are unsure.",[147,1413,1415],{"id":1414},"food-words-à-jeun-avant-le-repas-au-cours-du-repas","Food words: à jeun, avant le repas, au cours du repas",[10,1417,1418],{},"Food timing can matter. These phrases tell you how the medicine relates to meals.",[155,1420,1421,1429],{},[158,1422,1423],{},[161,1424,1425,1427],{},[164,1426,166],{},[164,1428,169],{},[174,1430,1431,1437,1444,1450,1456,1463,1471,1479,1487],{},[161,1432,1433,1435],{},[179,1434,81],{},[179,1436,376],{},[161,1438,1439,1441],{},[179,1440,84],{},[179,1442,1443],{},"Before the meal",[161,1445,1446,1448],{},[179,1447,87],{},[179,1449,387],{},[161,1451,1452,1454],{},[179,1453,384],{},[179,1455,387],{},[161,1457,1458,1460],{},[179,1459,90],{},[179,1461,1462],{},"After the meal",[161,1464,1465,1468],{},[179,1466,1467],{},"avec de la nourriture",[179,1469,1470],{},"With food",[161,1472,1473,1476],{},[179,1474,1475],{},"en dehors des repas",[179,1477,1478],{},"Away from meals",[161,1480,1481,1484],{},[179,1482,1483],{},"avec un grand verre d'eau",[179,1485,1486],{},"With a large glass of water",[161,1488,1489,1492],{},[179,1490,1491],{},"ne pas prendre avec",[179,1493,1494],{},"Do not take with",[10,1496,727],{},[155,1498,1499,1507],{},[158,1500,1501],{},[161,1502,1503,1505],{},[164,1504,736],{},[164,1506,169],{},[174,1508,1509,1517,1525,1533],{},[161,1510,1511,1514],{},[179,1512,1513],{},"À prendre à jeun",[179,1515,1516],{},"Take on an empty stomach",[161,1518,1519,1522],{},[179,1520,1521],{},"À prendre au cours du repas",[179,1523,1524],{},"Take during the meal",[161,1526,1527,1530],{},[179,1528,1529],{},"À prendre après le repas",[179,1531,1532],{},"Take after the meal",[161,1534,1535,1538],{},[179,1536,1537],{},"À avaler avec un grand verre d'eau",[179,1539,1540],{},"Swallow with a large glass of water",[10,1542,1543,1544,1546],{},"Do not guess with ",[14,1545,81],{},". It is one of those short French phrases that can change how you use the medicine.",[147,1548,1550],{"id":1549},"pendant-durée-and-renouvellement","Pendant, durée and renouvellement",[10,1552,1553],{},"French labels often tell you how long to continue treatment.",[155,1555,1556,1564],{},[158,1557,1558],{},[161,1559,1560,1562],{},[164,1561,166],{},[164,1563,169],{},[174,1565,1566,1573,1579,1586,1594,1601,1609,1615,1623,1631,1639,1646,1654],{},[161,1567,1568,1571],{},[179,1569,1570],{},"durée du traitement",[179,1572,400],{},[161,1574,1575,1577],{},[179,1576,394],{},[179,1578,397],{},[161,1580,1581,1583],{},[179,1582,96],{},[179,1584,1585],{},"For 5 days",[161,1587,1588,1591],{},[179,1589,1590],{},"jusqu'à",[179,1592,1593],{},"Until",[161,1595,1596,1598],{},[179,1597,99],{},[179,1599,1600],{},"Until symptoms disappear",[161,1602,1603,1606],{},[179,1604,1605],{},"terminer la boîte",[179,1607,1608],{},"Finish the box",[161,1610,1611,1613],{},[179,1612,102],{},[179,1614,407],{},[161,1616,1617,1620],{},[179,1618,1619],{},"en cas de douleur",[179,1621,1622],{},"In case of pain",[161,1624,1625,1628],{},[179,1626,1627],{},"en cas de fièvre",[179,1629,1630],{},"In case of fever",[161,1632,1633,1636],{},[179,1634,1635],{},"renouvellement",[179,1637,1638],{},"Renewal \u002F refill",[161,1640,1641,1643],{},[179,1642,561],{},[179,1644,1645],{},"To renew \u002F refill",[161,1647,1648,1651],{},[179,1649,1650],{},"non renouvelable",[179,1652,1653],{},"Not renewable",[161,1655,1656,1659],{},[179,1657,1658],{},"qsp",[179,1660,1661],{},"Quantity sufficient for",[10,1663,727],{},[155,1665,1666,1674],{},[158,1667,1668],{},[161,1669,1670,1672],{},[164,1671,736],{},[164,1673,169],{},[174,1675,1676,1684,1692,1700,1707],{},[161,1677,1678,1681],{},[179,1679,1680],{},"Pendant 7 jours",[179,1682,1683],{},"For 7 days",[161,1685,1686,1689],{},[179,1687,1688],{},"Si besoin, sans dépasser la dose maximale",[179,1690,1691],{},"If needed, without exceeding the maximum dose",[161,1693,1694,1697],{},[179,1695,1696],{},"À renouveler 1 fois",[179,1698,1699],{},"Renewable once",[161,1701,1702,1705],{},[179,1703,1704],{},"Non renouvelable",[179,1706,1653],{},[161,1708,1709,1712],{},[179,1710,1711],{},"QSP 1 mois",[179,1713,1714],{},"Quantity sufficient for 1 month",[10,1716,1717,1718,497,1720,1722],{},"On a French prescription, ",[14,1719,1635],{},[14,1721,561],{}," can connect to whether the pharmacy can dispense another round later. Rules depend on the medicine and prescription. Ask the pharmacist if you are not sure.",[147,1724,1726],{"id":1725},"notice-the-package-insert","Notice: the package insert",[10,1728,1729,1730,1732],{},"The ",[14,1731,128],{}," is the patient leaflet inside or associated with the medicine. The French public medicines database defines it as the patient-facing reference document with useful information about proper use, including indications, contraindications, side effects, dosage and route of administration.",[10,1734,1735],{},"Common headings in a French notice include:",[155,1737,1738,1747],{},[158,1739,1740],{},[161,1741,1742,1745],{},[164,1743,1744],{},"French heading",[164,1746,169],{},[174,1748,1749,1757,1765,1773,1781,1789,1797,1805,1813,1821,1829],{},[161,1750,1751,1754],{},[179,1752,1753],{},"Qu'est-ce que ce médicament ?",[179,1755,1756],{},"What is this medicine?",[161,1758,1759,1762],{},[179,1760,1761],{},"Dans quel cas est-il utilisé ?",[179,1763,1764],{},"What is it used for?",[161,1766,1767,1770],{},[179,1768,1769],{},"Que devez-vous savoir avant de prendre ce médicament ?",[179,1771,1772],{},"What should you know before taking it?",[161,1774,1775,1778],{},[179,1776,1777],{},"Ne prenez jamais...",[179,1779,1780],{},"Never take...",[161,1782,1783,1786],{},[179,1784,1785],{},"Avertissements et précautions",[179,1787,1788],{},"Warnings and precautions",[161,1790,1791,1794],{},[179,1792,1793],{},"Autres médicaments et...",[179,1795,1796],{},"Other medicines and...",[161,1798,1799,1802],{},[179,1800,1801],{},"Grossesse et allaitement",[179,1803,1804],{},"Pregnancy and breastfeeding",[161,1806,1807,1810],{},[179,1808,1809],{},"Comment prendre ce médicament ?",[179,1811,1812],{},"How to take this medicine",[161,1814,1815,1818],{},[179,1816,1817],{},"Quels sont les effets indésirables éventuels ?",[179,1819,1820],{},"What possible side effects are there?",[161,1822,1823,1826],{},[179,1824,1825],{},"Comment conserver ce médicament ?",[179,1827,1828],{},"How to store this medicine",[161,1830,1831,1834],{},[179,1832,1833],{},"Contenu de l'emballage",[179,1835,1836],{},"Package contents",[10,1838,1839],{},"The notice can look intimidating, but it follows a predictable structure. Use the headings first, then read the section you need.",[147,1841,1843],{"id":1842},"effets-indésirables-contre-indications-and-précautions","Effets indésirables, contre-indications and précautions",[10,1845,1846],{},"These words are safety words. They deserve extra attention.",[155,1848,1849,1857],{},[158,1850,1851],{},[161,1852,1853,1855],{},[164,1854,166],{},[164,1856,169],{},[174,1858,1859,1866,1874,1882,1890,1897,1905,1912,1920,1928,1936,1944],{},[161,1860,1861,1863],{},[179,1862,114],{},[179,1864,1865],{},"Side effects \u002F unwanted effects",[161,1867,1868,1871],{},[179,1869,1870],{},"effet secondaire",[179,1872,1873],{},"Side effect",[161,1875,1876,1879],{},[179,1877,1878],{},"contre-indication",[179,1880,1881],{},"Contraindication",[161,1883,1884,1887],{},[179,1885,1886],{},"contre-indiqué",[179,1888,1889],{},"Contraindicated",[161,1891,1892,1894],{},[179,1893,117],{},[179,1895,1896],{},"Precautions for use",[161,1898,1899,1902],{},[179,1900,1901],{},"mise en garde",[179,1903,1904],{},"Warning",[161,1906,1907,1910],{},[179,1908,1909],{},"avertissement",[179,1911,1904],{},[161,1913,1914,1917],{},[179,1915,1916],{},"interaction médicamenteuse",[179,1918,1919],{},"Drug interaction",[161,1921,1922,1925],{},[179,1923,1924],{},"allergie",[179,1926,1927],{},"Allergy",[161,1929,1930,1933],{},[179,1931,1932],{},"hypersensibilité",[179,1934,1935],{},"Hypersensitivity",[161,1937,1938,1941],{},[179,1939,1940],{},"surdosage",[179,1942,1943],{},"Overdose",[161,1945,1946,1949],{},[179,1947,1948],{},"urgence",[179,1950,1951],{},"Emergency",[10,1953,727],{},[155,1955,1956,1965],{},[158,1957,1958],{},[161,1959,1960,1963],{},[164,1961,1962],{},"Label or notice says",[164,1964,169],{},[174,1966,1967,1975,1983,1991,1999],{},[161,1968,1969,1972],{},[179,1970,1971],{},"Ne prenez jamais ce médicament si...",[179,1973,1974],{},"Never take this medicine if...",[161,1976,1977,1980],{},[179,1978,1979],{},"Demandez conseil à votre pharmacien",[179,1981,1982],{},"Ask your pharmacist for advice",[161,1984,1985,1988],{},[179,1986,1987],{},"En cas de surdosage",[179,1989,1990],{},"In case of overdose",[161,1992,1993,1996],{},[179,1994,1995],{},"Tenir hors de portée des enfants",[179,1997,1998],{},"Keep out of reach of children",[161,2000,2001,2004],{},[179,2002,2003],{},"Peut provoquer une somnolence",[179,2005,2006],{},"May cause drowsiness",[10,2008,2009],{},"If you see a warning connected to allergy, pregnancy, driving, another medication or a medical condition, do not rely on vocabulary knowledge alone. Ask a pharmacist or doctor.",[147,2011,2013],{"id":2012},"pregnancy-breastfeeding-and-driving","Pregnancy, breastfeeding and driving",[10,2015,2016],{},"Three sections often appear because they affect daily safety.",[155,2018,2019,2027],{},[158,2020,2021],{},[161,2022,2023,2025],{},[164,2024,166],{},[164,2026,169],{},[174,2028,2029,2036,2044,2051,2059,2066,2074,2082,2090],{},[161,2030,2031,2033],{},[179,2032,575],{},[179,2034,2035],{},"Pregnancy",[161,2037,2038,2041],{},[179,2039,2040],{},"enceinte",[179,2042,2043],{},"Pregnant",[161,2045,2046,2048],{},[179,2047,578],{},[179,2049,2050],{},"Breastfeeding",[161,2052,2053,2056],{},[179,2054,2055],{},"fertilité",[179,2057,2058],{},"Fertility",[161,2060,2061,2063],{},[179,2062,581],{},[179,2064,2065],{},"Driving",[161,2067,2068,2071],{},[179,2069,2070],{},"machines",[179,2072,2073],{},"Machinery",[161,2075,2076,2079],{},[179,2077,2078],{},"somnolence",[179,2080,2081],{},"Drowsiness",[161,2083,2084,2087],{},[179,2085,2086],{},"vertiges",[179,2088,2089],{},"Dizziness",[161,2091,2092,2095],{},[179,2093,2094],{},"alcool",[179,2096,2097],{},"Alcohol",[10,2099,727],{},[155,2101,2102,2110],{},[158,2103,2104],{},[161,2105,2106,2108],{},[164,2107,1962],{},[164,2109,169],{},[174,2111,2112,2118,2126,2134,2142],{},[161,2113,2114,2116],{},[179,2115,1801],{},[179,2117,1804],{},[161,2119,2120,2123],{},[179,2121,2122],{},"Demandez conseil à votre médecin ou pharmacien",[179,2124,2125],{},"Ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice",[161,2127,2128,2131],{},[179,2129,2130],{},"Attention à la conduite",[179,2132,2133],{},"Be careful when driving",[161,2135,2136,2139],{},[179,2137,2138],{},"Peut altérer votre vigilance",[179,2140,2141],{},"May affect alertness",[161,2143,2144,2147],{},[179,2145,2146],{},"Éviter l'alcool",[179,2148,2149],{},"Avoid alcohol",[10,2151,2152],{},"These are not casual reading details. If they apply to you, treat them as a reason to ask a professional.",[147,2154,2156],{"id":2155},"expiry-storage-and-batch-words","Expiry, storage and batch words",[10,2158,2159],{},"The practical details are usually near the box edge, blister pack, bottle or leaflet.",[155,2161,2162,2170],{},[158,2163,2164],{},[161,2165,2166,2168],{},[164,2167,166],{},[164,2169,169],{},[174,2171,2172,2178,2186,2194,2200,2207,2214,2222,2230,2238,2246,2254],{},[161,2173,2174,2176],{},[179,2175,122],{},[179,2177,468],{},[161,2179,2180,2183],{},[179,2181,2182],{},"EXP",[179,2184,2185],{},"Expiry",[161,2187,2188,2191],{},[179,2189,2190],{},"périmé",[179,2192,2193],{},"Expired",[161,2195,2196,2198],{},[179,2197,476],{},[179,2199,479],{},[161,2201,2202,2205],{},[179,2203,2204],{},"numéro de lot",[179,2206,479],{},[161,2208,2209,2211],{},[179,2210,591],{},[179,2212,2213],{},"Store \u002F keep",[161,2215,2216,2219],{},[179,2217,2218],{},"conserver à température ambiante",[179,2220,2221],{},"Store at room temperature",[161,2223,2224,2227],{},[179,2225,2226],{},"à conserver au réfrigérateur",[179,2228,2229],{},"Store in the refrigerator",[161,2231,2232,2235],{},[179,2233,2234],{},"ne pas congeler",[179,2236,2237],{},"Do not freeze",[161,2239,2240,2243],{},[179,2241,2242],{},"à l'abri de la lumière",[179,2244,2245],{},"Away from light",[161,2247,2248,2251],{},[179,2249,2250],{},"à l'abri de l'humidité",[179,2252,2253],{},"Away from moisture",[161,2255,2256,2259],{},[179,2257,2258],{},"après ouverture",[179,2260,2261],{},"After opening",[10,2263,727],{},[155,2265,2266,2274],{},[158,2267,2268],{},[161,2269,2270,2272],{},[164,2271,736],{},[164,2273,169],{},[174,2275,2276,2284,2292,2300],{},[161,2277,2278,2281],{},[179,2279,2280],{},"EXP 09\u002F2027",[179,2282,2283],{},"Expires September 2027",[161,2285,2286,2289],{},[179,2287,2288],{},"Lot AB7421",[179,2290,2291],{},"Batch AB7421",[161,2293,2294,2297],{},[179,2295,2296],{},"À conserver à une température ne dépassant pas 25°C",[179,2298,2299],{},"Store below 25°C",[161,2301,2302,2305],{},[179,2303,2304],{},"À utiliser dans les 30 jours après ouverture",[179,2306,2307],{},"Use within 30 days after opening",[10,2309,1729,2310,2312],{},[14,2311,476],{}," number is not usually something you need for daily use, but it matters for traceability, recalls and reporting problems.",[147,2314,2316],{"id":2315},"ordonnance-and-pharmacy-dispensing-words","Ordonnance and pharmacy dispensing words",[10,2318,2319],{},"If you receive medicine from a French pharmacy, you may see these words on the prescription, bag, receipt or pharmacy sticker.",[155,2321,2322,2330],{},[158,2323,2324],{},[161,2325,2326,2328],{},[164,2327,166],{},[164,2329,169],{},[174,2331,2332,2338,2346,2354,2362,2370,2376,2383,2389,2397,2405,2413,2421,2429,2437],{},[161,2333,2334,2336],{},[179,2335,192],{},[179,2337,195],{},[161,2339,2340,2343],{},[179,2341,2342],{},"prescripteur",[179,2344,2345],{},"Prescriber",[161,2347,2348,2351],{},[179,2349,2350],{},"patient",[179,2352,2353],{},"Patient",[161,2355,2356,2359],{},[179,2357,2358],{},"délivrance",[179,2360,2361],{},"Dispensing",[161,2363,2364,2367],{},[179,2365,2366],{},"délivré le",[179,2368,2369],{},"Dispensed on",[161,2371,2372,2374],{},[179,2373,236],{},[179,2375,239],{},[161,2377,2378,2381],{},[179,2379,2380],{},"pharmacien",[179,2382,228],{},[161,2384,2385,2387],{},[179,2386,1635],{},[179,2388,1638],{},[161,2390,2391,2394],{},[179,2392,2393],{},"substituable",[179,2395,2396],{},"Substitutable",[161,2398,2399,2402],{},[179,2400,2401],{},"générique",[179,2403,2404],{},"Generic medicine",[161,2406,2407,2410],{},[179,2408,2409],{},"princeps",[179,2411,2412],{},"Brand\u002Freference medicine",[161,2414,2415,2418],{},[179,2416,2417],{},"remboursement",[179,2419,2420],{},"Reimbursement",[161,2422,2423,2426],{},[179,2424,2425],{},"remboursé",[179,2427,2428],{},"Reimbursed",[161,2430,2431,2434],{},[179,2432,2433],{},"non remboursé",[179,2435,2436],{},"Not reimbursed",[161,2438,2439,2442],{},[179,2440,2441],{},"tiers payant",[179,2443,2444],{},"Third-party payment system",[10,2446,727],{},[155,2448,2449,2458],{},[158,2450,2451],{},[161,2452,2453,2456],{},[164,2454,2455],{},"Text says",[164,2457,169],{},[174,2459,2460,2468,2475,2482],{},[161,2461,2462,2465],{},[179,2463,2464],{},"Délivré le 09\u002F06\u002F2026",[179,2466,2467],{},"Dispensed on June 9, 2026",[161,2469,2470,2473],{},[179,2471,2472],{},"Médicament générique",[179,2474,2404],{},[161,2476,2477,2480],{},[179,2478,2479],{},"Non remboursé",[179,2481,2436],{},[161,2483,2484,2487],{},[179,2485,2486],{},"Renouvellement autorisé",[179,2488,2489],{},"Renewal authorized",[10,2491,2492],{},"France has specific rules around prescriptions and reimbursement. Service Public and Ameli both explain that renewal and reimbursement depend on the medicine, the prescription and the situation.",[147,2494,2496],{"id":2495},"common-abbreviations-on-french-labels","Common abbreviations on French labels",[10,2498,2499],{},"Abbreviations can make pharmacy French look much harder than it is.",[155,2501,2502,2514],{},[158,2503,2504],{},[161,2505,2506,2509,2512],{},[164,2507,2508],{},"Abbreviation",[164,2510,2511],{},"Full French",[164,2513,169],{},[174,2515,2516,2525,2534,2542,2551,2559,2567,2577,2585,2593,2604,2613,2623,2632],{},[161,2517,2518,2521,2523],{},[179,2519,2520],{},"cp",[179,2522,277],{},[179,2524,280],{},[161,2526,2527,2530,2532],{},[179,2528,2529],{},"cpr",[179,2531,277],{},[179,2533,280],{},[161,2535,2536,2538,2540],{},[179,2537,854],{},[179,2539,288],{},[179,2541,291],{},[161,2543,2544,2546,2548],{},[179,2545,875],{},[179,2547,872],{},[179,2549,2550],{},"Sachet",[161,2552,2553,2555,2557],{},[179,2554,886],{},[179,2556,883],{},[179,2558,889],{},[161,2560,2561,2563,2565],{},[179,2562,916],{},[179,2564,310],{},[179,2566,313],{},[161,2568,2569,2572,2575],{},[179,2570,2571],{},"pulv",[179,2573,2574],{},"pulvérisation",[179,2576,971],{},[161,2578,2579,2581,2583],{},[179,2580,979],{},[179,2582,976],{},[179,2584,982],{},[161,2586,2587,2589,2591],{},[179,2588,896],{},[179,2590,299],{},[179,2592,302],{},[161,2594,2595,2598,2601],{},[179,2596,2597],{},"qté",[179,2599,2600],{},"quantité",[179,2602,2603],{},"Quantity",[161,2605,2606,2608,2611],{},[179,2607,1658],{},[179,2609,2610],{},"quantité suffisante pour",[179,2612,1661],{},[161,2614,2615,2618,2620],{},[179,2616,2617],{},"renouvel.",[179,2619,1635],{},[179,2621,2622],{},"Renewal",[161,2624,2625,2628,2630],{},[179,2626,2627],{},"matin\u002Fsoir",[179,2629,494],{},[179,2631,1330],{},[161,2633,2634,2637,2640],{},[179,2635,2636],{},"j",[179,2638,2639],{},"jour",[179,2641,2642],{},"Day",[10,2644,727],{},[155,2646,2647,2655],{},[158,2648,2649],{},[161,2650,2651,2653],{},[164,2652,736],{},[164,2654,169],{},[174,2656,2657,2664,2672,2680],{},[161,2658,2659,2662],{},[179,2660,2661],{},"1 cp matin et soir",[179,2663,748],{},[161,2665,2666,2669],{},[179,2667,2668],{},"1 gél x 3\u002Fj",[179,2670,2671],{},"1 capsule 3 times per day",[161,2673,2674,2677],{},[179,2675,2676],{},"QSP 7 j",[179,2678,2679],{},"Quantity sufficient for 7 days",[161,2681,2682,2685],{},[179,2683,2684],{},"2 gttes dans chaque œil",[179,2686,2687],{},"2 drops in each eye",[10,2689,2690],{},"Because abbreviations vary, ask the pharmacist if one is unclear.",[147,2692,2694],{"id":2693},"a-fictional-french-pharmacy-label-read-line-by-line","A fictional French pharmacy label, read line by line",[10,2696,2697],{},"Imagine a fictional pharmacy sticker says:",[155,2699,2700,2709],{},[158,2701,2702],{},[161,2703,2704,2707],{},[164,2705,2706],{},"French label line",[164,2708,169],{},[174,2710,2711,2719,2727,2733,2739,2746,2752,2760,2767,2773],{},[161,2712,2713,2716],{},[179,2714,2715],{},"MÉDICAMENT EXEMPLE 500 mg",[179,2717,2718],{},"Example medicine, strength 500 mg",[161,2720,2721,2724],{},[179,2722,2723],{},"Comprimés",[179,2725,2726],{},"Tablets",[161,2728,2729,2731],{},[179,2730,1194],{},[179,2732,1197],{},[161,2734,2735,2737],{},[179,2736,2661],{},[179,2738,748],{},[161,2740,2741,2744],{},[179,2742,2743],{},"Pendant 5 jours",[179,2745,1585],{},[161,2747,2748,2750],{},[179,2749,1521],{},[179,2751,1524],{},[161,2753,2754,2757],{},[179,2755,2756],{},"Ne pas dépasser la dose prescrite",[179,2758,2759],{},"Do not exceed the prescribed dose",[161,2761,2762,2765],{},[179,2763,2764],{},"À conserver à température ambiante",[179,2766,2221],{},[161,2768,2769,2771],{},[179,2770,2280],{},[179,2772,2283],{},[161,2774,2775,2777],{},[179,2776,2288],{},[179,2778,2779],{},"Batch number AB7421",[10,2781,2782],{},"Read it in this order:",[2784,2785,2786,2791,2796,2801,2806,2811,2817,2823],"ol",{},[28,2787,2788,2790],{},[14,2789,2715],{},": confirm the medicine and strength.",[28,2792,2793,2795],{},[14,2794,2723],{},": confirm the form.",[28,2797,2798,2800],{},[14,2799,1194],{},": confirm the route.",[28,2802,2803,2805],{},[14,2804,2661],{},": read amount and timing.",[28,2807,2808,2810],{},[14,2809,2743],{},": read duration.",[28,2812,2813,2816],{},[14,2814,2815],{},"Au cours du repas",": read food timing.",[28,2818,2819,2822],{},[14,2820,2821],{},"Ne pas dépasser",": notice the warning.",[28,2824,2825,497,2827,2830],{},[14,2826,2182],{},[14,2828,2829],{},"Lot",": check practical tracking details.",[10,2832,2833],{},"The fictional example is deliberately simple. Real labels can be shorter, messier or split across the box, prescription, receipt and notice.",[147,2835,2837],{"id":2836},"useful-phrases-at-the-pharmacy","Useful phrases at the pharmacy",[10,2839,2840],{},"If you are in France and something is unclear, these phrases are practical.",[155,2842,2843,2851],{},[158,2844,2845],{},[161,2846,2847,2849],{},[164,2848,166],{},[164,2850,169],{},[174,2852,2853,2861,2869,2877,2885,2893,2901,2909,2917,2925,2933],{},[161,2854,2855,2858],{},[179,2856,2857],{},"Pouvez-vous m'expliquer la posologie ?",[179,2859,2860],{},"Can you explain the dosage instructions?",[161,2862,2863,2866],{},[179,2864,2865],{},"Je dois le prendre quand ?",[179,2867,2868],{},"When should I take it?",[161,2870,2871,2874],{},[179,2872,2873],{},"Je dois le prendre avec un repas ?",[179,2875,2876],{},"Should I take it with a meal?",[161,2878,2879,2882],{},[179,2880,2881],{},"Combien de fois par jour ?",[179,2883,2884],{},"How many times per day?",[161,2886,2887,2890],{},[179,2888,2889],{},"Pendant combien de jours ?",[179,2891,2892],{},"For how many days?",[161,2894,2895,2898],{},[179,2896,2897],{},"Est-ce que je peux conduire ?",[179,2899,2900],{},"Can I drive?",[161,2902,2903,2906],{},[179,2904,2905],{},"Est-ce compatible avec ce médicament ?",[179,2907,2908],{},"Is it compatible with this medicine?",[161,2910,2911,2914],{},[179,2912,2913],{},"Je suis allergique à...",[179,2915,2916],{},"I am allergic to...",[161,2918,2919,2922],{},[179,2920,2921],{},"Je suis enceinte.",[179,2923,2924],{},"I am pregnant.",[161,2926,2927,2930],{},[179,2928,2929],{},"J'allaite.",[179,2931,2932],{},"I am breastfeeding.",[161,2934,2935,2938],{},[179,2936,2937],{},"Pouvez-vous l'écrire ?",[179,2939,2940],{},"Can you write it down?",[10,2942,2943,2944,2947],{},"If you are nervous, you can show the box or prescription and ask: ",[14,2945,2946],{},"Vous pouvez me montrer où c'est écrit ?"," That means \"Can you show me where it is written?\"",[147,2949,2951],{"id":2950},"common-mistakes-when-reading-french-pharmacy-labels","Common mistakes when reading French pharmacy labels",[155,2953,2954,2963],{},[158,2955,2956],{},[161,2957,2958,2961],{},[164,2959,2960],{},"Mistake",[164,2962,172],{},[174,2964,2965,2976,2987,2997,3008,3018,3027,3037],{},[161,2966,2967,2973],{},[179,2968,2969,2970,2972],{},"Confusing ",[14,2971,39],{}," with the number of tablets to take",[179,2974,2975],{},"500 mg is strength, not automatically the amount to take",[161,2977,2978,2984],{},[179,2979,2980,2981],{},"Ignoring ",[14,2982,2983],{},"voie",[179,2985,2986],{},"A medicine may be for mouth, skin, eyes, nose or another route",[161,2988,2989,2994],{},[179,2990,2991,2992],{},"Missing ",[14,2993,81],{},[179,2995,2996],{},"Food timing can matter",[161,2998,2999,3005],{},[179,3000,3001,3002,3004],{},"Treating ",[14,3003,102],{}," like a fixed schedule",[179,3006,3007],{},"It means if needed, not automatically every day",[161,3009,3010,3015],{},[179,3011,3012,3013],{},"Skipping ",[14,3014,415],{},[179,3016,3017],{},"This marks a limit",[161,3019,3020,3024],{},[179,3021,2991,3022],{},[14,3023,108],{},[179,3025,3026],{},"Some people should not use certain medicines",[161,3028,3029,3034],{},[179,3030,3031,3032],{},"Forgetting the ",[14,3033,128],{},[179,3035,3036],{},"The leaflet often has fuller instructions",[161,3038,3039,3042],{},[179,3040,3041],{},"Assuming a similar-looking medicine is identical",[179,3043,3044],{},"Names and strengths can be close",[10,3046,3047],{},"The safest reading habit is simple: identify the medicine, identify the strength, identify the route, identify the dose, identify the timing, identify the warnings.",[147,3049,3051],{"id":3050},"quick-checklist","Quick checklist",[10,3053,3054],{},"Before using a medicine label as your guide, make sure you can answer these:",[25,3056,3057,3060,3063,3066,3069,3072,3074,3077,3080,3083,3086,3089],{},[28,3058,3059],{},"What is the medicine called?",[28,3061,3062],{},"What strength is it?",[28,3064,3065],{},"What form is it?",[28,3067,3068],{},"How is it taken or applied?",[28,3070,3071],{},"How much is one dose?",[28,3073,2884],{},[28,3075,3076],{},"When should it be taken?",[28,3078,3079],{},"How long should it be used?",[28,3081,3082],{},"Is there a maximum dose?",[28,3084,3085],{},"Are there warnings that apply to you?",[28,3087,3088],{},"Is it expired?",[28,3090,3091],{},"Do you understand the package insert?",[10,3093,3094],{},"If any answer is unclear, ask the pharmacist.",[147,3096,3098],{"id":3097},"faq-french-pharmacy-labels","FAQ: French pharmacy labels",[3100,3101,3103],"h3",{"id":3102},"what-does-posologie-mean-on-a-french-medicine-label","What does posologie mean on a French medicine label?",[10,3105,3106,3108],{},[14,3107,606],{}," means dosage instructions. It tells you how much to take, how often, and sometimes when or for how long.",[3100,3110,3112],{"id":3111},"what-does-voie-orale-mean","What does voie orale mean?",[10,3114,3115,3117,3118,500],{},[14,3116,1194],{}," means the medicine is taken by mouth. You may also see ",[14,3119,1092],{},[3100,3121,3123],{"id":3122},"what-does-1-cp-mean","What does 1 cp mean?",[10,3125,3126,3129,3130,3132],{},[14,3127,3128],{},"1 cp"," usually means ",[14,3131,538],{},", or 1 tablet. If you are not sure, ask the pharmacist.",[3100,3134,3136],{"id":3135},"what-does-matin-et-soir-mean","What does matin et soir mean?",[10,3138,3139,3142],{},[14,3140,3141],{},"Matin et soir"," means morning and evening.",[3100,3144,3146],{"id":3145},"what-does-à-jeun-mean","What does à jeun mean?",[10,3148,3149,3152],{},[14,3150,3151],{},"À jeun"," means on an empty stomach. Confirm timing with the pharmacist if you are unsure how long before or after eating that should be.",[3100,3154,3156],{"id":3155},"what-is-the-notice","What is the notice?",[10,3158,1729,3159,3161],{},[14,3160,128],{}," is the patient leaflet or package insert. It gives patient-facing information about proper use, warnings, side effects, storage and other details.",[3100,3163,3165],{"id":3164},"what-are-effets-indésirables","What are effets indésirables?",[10,3167,3168,3171],{},[14,3169,3170],{},"Effets indésirables"," are side effects or unwanted effects.",[3100,3173,3175],{"id":3174},"what-does-date-de-péremption-mean","What does date de péremption mean?",[10,3177,3178,3181,3182,500],{},[14,3179,3180],{},"Date de péremption"," means expiry date. You may also see ",[14,3183,2182],{},[147,3185,3187],{"id":3186},"sources","Sources",[25,3189,3190,3199,3206,3213,3220],{},[28,3191,3192],{},[3193,3194,3198],"a",{"href":3195,"rel":3196},"https:\u002F\u002Fbase-donnees-publique.medicaments.gouv.fr\u002F",[3197],"nofollow","Base de Données Publique des Médicaments",[28,3200,3201],{},[3193,3202,3205],{"href":3203,"rel":3204},"https:\u002F\u002Fbase-donnees-publique.medicaments.gouv.fr\u002Fglossaire",[3197],"Base de Données Publique des Médicaments: Glossaire",[28,3207,3208],{},[3193,3209,3212],{"href":3210,"rel":3211},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ameli.fr\u002Fassure\u002Fsante\u002Fmedicaments\u002Futiliser-recycler-medicaments\u002Flire-ordonnance-medicaments",[3197],"Ameli: Bien lire et utiliser une ordonnance de médicaments",[28,3214,3215],{},[3193,3216,3219],{"href":3217,"rel":3218},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.service-public.gouv.fr\u002Fparticuliers\u002Fvosdroits\u002FF33967",[3197],"Service Public: Ordonnance",[28,3221,3222],{},[3193,3223,3226],{"href":3224,"rel":3225},"https:\u002F\u002Fansm.sante.fr\u002Fdocuments\u002Freference\u002Fdeclarer-un-effet-indesirable",[3197],"ANSM: Déclarer un effet indésirable",{"title":3228,"searchDepth":3229,"depth":3229,"links":3230},"",2,[3231,3232,3233,3234,3235,3236,3237,3238,3239,3240,3241,3242,3243,3244,3245,3246,3247,3248,3249,3260],{"id":149,"depth":3229,"text":150},{"id":503,"depth":3229,"text":504},{"id":600,"depth":3229,"text":601},{"id":797,"depth":3229,"text":798},{"id":1061,"depth":3229,"text":1062},{"id":1250,"depth":3229,"text":1251},{"id":1414,"depth":3229,"text":1415},{"id":1549,"depth":3229,"text":1550},{"id":1725,"depth":3229,"text":1726},{"id":1842,"depth":3229,"text":1843},{"id":2012,"depth":3229,"text":2013},{"id":2155,"depth":3229,"text":2156},{"id":2315,"depth":3229,"text":2316},{"id":2495,"depth":3229,"text":2496},{"id":2693,"depth":3229,"text":2694},{"id":2836,"depth":3229,"text":2837},{"id":2950,"depth":3229,"text":2951},{"id":3050,"depth":3229,"text":3051},{"id":3097,"depth":3229,"text":3098,"children":3250},[3251,3253,3254,3255,3256,3257,3258,3259],{"id":3102,"depth":3252,"text":3103},3,{"id":3111,"depth":3252,"text":3112},{"id":3122,"depth":3252,"text":3123},{"id":3135,"depth":3252,"text":3136},{"id":3145,"depth":3252,"text":3146},{"id":3155,"depth":3252,"text":3156},{"id":3164,"depth":3252,"text":3165},{"id":3174,"depth":3252,"text":3175},{"id":3186,"depth":3229,"text":3187},"Learn how to read a French pharmacy label, including posologie, voie orale, comprimé, gélule, matin, soir, à jeun, pendant, effets indésirables and date de péremption.",null,"md",true,"en",{},"\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fhow-to-read-french-pharmacy-label","2026-06-09",{"title":5,"description":3261},"Learn how to read French pharmacy labels and medicine packaging, including posologie, voie orale, comprimé, gélule, matin et soir, à jeun, notice and péremption.","How to Read a French Pharmacy Label: Posologie and Notice","how-to-read-french-pharmacy-label","blog\u002Fen\u002Fhow-to-read-french-pharmacy-label",[3275,3276,3277,3278,3279],"French pharmacy vocabulary","French medicine label","French reading practice","France travel vocabulary","French prescription terms","9tM3eFsEqKU9HbwjYZJ4eDcdnxsatSVJNScyoc2cXqw",[3282,6478,9508],{"id":3283,"title":3284,"body":3285,"description":6464,"excerpt":3262,"extension":3263,"featured":3264,"locale":3265,"meta":6465,"navigation":3264,"path":6466,"publishedAt":3268,"seo":6467,"seoDescription":6468,"seoTitle":6469,"slug":6470,"stem":6471,"tags":6472,"targetLanguage":166,"updatedAt":3268,"__hash__":6477},"blog\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fhow-to-read-french-apartment-listing.md","How to Read a French Apartment Listing: Loyer, Charges, Dépôt de Garantie, Surface and DPE",{"type":7,"value":3286,"toc":6430},[3287,3293,3296,3298,3384,3387,3393,3396,3399,3403,3406,3629,3643,3647,3650,3656,3668,3674,3691,3710,3725,3745,3749,3752,3854,3869,3871,3916,3923,3927,3933,4041,4047,4049,4101,4107,4111,4121,4177,4184,4186,4230,4240,4244,4247,4318,4321,4323,4366,4377,4381,4387,4484,4487,4543,4549,4553,4559,4616,4619,4621,4665,4674,4678,4681,4785,4787,4831,4841,4845,4854,4980,4982,5026,5033,5037,5046,5110,5116,5118,5169,5172,5176,5179,5265,5271,5273,5317,5323,5327,5330,5420,5422,5465,5471,5475,5478,5538,5547,5550,5593,5596,5600,5605,5699,5702,5705,5709,5712,5852,5858,5862,5865,6022,6031,6035,6038,6123,6125,6128,6197,6201,6293,6297,6301,6311,6315,6325,6329,6334,6338,6349,6353,6359,6363,6369,6373,6380,6384,6389,6393,6398,6400],[10,3288,12,3289,3292],{},[14,3290,3291],{},"how to read a French apartment listing",", the hard part is usually not one French word. It is knowing which numbers actually matter.",[10,3294,3295],{},"A French rental ad can show rent, charges, deposit, agency fees, living area, room count, floor, furnished or unfurnished status, energy rating, greenhouse gas rating, estimated energy cost, risk information, move-in timing and application documents in a very compact format.",[10,3297,23],{},[25,3299,3300,3306,3313,3328,3334,3343,3350,3355,3365,3373,3378],{},[28,3301,3302,3303,34],{},"What is the monthly ",[14,3304,3305],{},"loyer",[28,3307,3308,3309,3312],{},"Are ",[14,3310,3311],{},"charges"," included?",[28,3314,3315,3316,66,3319,66,3322,73,3325,34],{},"Does the ad say ",[14,3317,3318],{},"CC",[14,3320,3321],{},"HC",[14,3323,3324],{},"charges comprises",[14,3326,3327],{},"hors charges",[28,3329,3330,3331,34],{},"How much is the ",[14,3332,3333],{},"dépôt de garantie",[28,3335,3336,3337,73,3340,34],{},"Is the apartment ",[14,3338,3339],{},"meublé",[14,3341,3342],{},"non meublé",[28,3344,3345,3346,3349],{},"How many ",[14,3347,3348],{},"pièces"," are listed?",[28,3351,30,3352,34],{},[14,3353,3354],{},"surface habitable",[28,3356,3357,3358,3361,3362,34],{},"Which ",[14,3359,3360],{},"étage"," is it on, and is there an ",[14,3363,3364],{},"ascenseur",[28,3366,105,3367,73,3370,34],{},[14,3368,3369],{},"honoraires",[14,3371,3372],{},"frais d'agence",[28,3374,49,3375,53],{},[14,3376,3377],{},"DPE",[28,3379,3380,3381,34],{},"Which documents are expected for the ",[14,3382,3383],{},"dossier de location",[10,3385,3386],{},"Once you know the core French rental words, the listing becomes much easier to scan.",[10,3388,3389],{},[136,3390],{"alt":3391,"src":3392},"French apartment listing guide","\u002Fblog\u002Ffrench-apartment-listing-guide.svg",[10,3394,3395],{},"This guide explains the French apartment listing words you are most likely to see on rental platforms, agency listings, private landlord ads, student housing posts and flatshare listings in France.",[10,3397,3398],{},"This article is for reading and vocabulary help. Rental contracts, deposits and agency fees can be serious, so use local tenant advice or qualified help before signing anything or sending money.",[147,3400,3402],{"id":3401},"the-most-important-french-apartment-listing-words","The most important French apartment listing words",[10,3404,3405],{},"Start with these words. They carry most of the listing.",[155,3407,3408,3418],{},[158,3409,3410],{},[161,3411,3412,3414,3416],{},[164,3413,166],{},[164,3415,169],{},[164,3417,172],{},[174,3419,3420,3431,3442,3453,3464,3475,3485,3495,3505,3515,3526,3537,3547,3558,3568,3578,3588,3599,3609,3619],{},[161,3421,3422,3425,3428],{},[179,3423,3424],{},"logement",[179,3426,3427],{},"Housing \u002F dwelling",[179,3429,3430],{},"General word for the place",[161,3432,3433,3436,3439],{},[179,3434,3435],{},"appartement",[179,3437,3438],{},"Apartment",[179,3440,3441],{},"The unit being rented",[161,3443,3444,3447,3450],{},[179,3445,3446],{},"studio",[179,3448,3449],{},"Studio apartment",[179,3451,3452],{},"One main room",[161,3454,3455,3458,3461],{},[179,3456,3457],{},"T1 \u002F F1",[179,3459,3460],{},"One-room apartment",[179,3462,3463],{},"Usually one main room plus kitchen\u002Fbath",[161,3465,3466,3469,3472],{},[179,3467,3468],{},"T2 \u002F F2",[179,3470,3471],{},"Two-room apartment",[179,3473,3474],{},"Usually one bedroom plus living room",[161,3476,3477,3479,3482],{},[179,3478,3348],{},[179,3480,3481],{},"Rooms",[179,3483,3484],{},"Main rooms, not every room in the home",[161,3486,3487,3489,3492],{},[179,3488,3354],{},[179,3490,3491],{},"Living area",[179,3493,3494],{},"Size in square meters",[161,3496,3497,3499,3502],{},[179,3498,3305],{},[179,3500,3501],{},"Rent",[179,3503,3504],{},"Monthly rent",[161,3506,3507,3509,3512],{},[179,3508,3311],{},[179,3510,3511],{},"Charges \u002F service costs",[179,3513,3514],{},"Monthly building or recoverable costs",[161,3516,3517,3520,3523],{},[179,3518,3519],{},"charges comprises \u002F CC",[179,3521,3522],{},"Charges included",[179,3524,3525],{},"Rent shown includes charges",[161,3527,3528,3531,3534],{},[179,3529,3530],{},"hors charges \u002F HC",[179,3532,3533],{},"Charges excluded",[179,3535,3536],{},"Charges are not included",[161,3538,3539,3541,3544],{},[179,3540,3333],{},[179,3542,3543],{},"Security deposit",[179,3545,3546],{},"Deposit paid at lease signing",[161,3548,3549,3552,3555],{},[179,3550,3551],{},"caution",[179,3553,3554],{},"Guarantor, sometimes misused for deposit",[179,3556,3557],{},"Context matters",[161,3559,3560,3562,3565],{},[179,3561,3369],{},[179,3563,3564],{},"Fees",[179,3566,3567],{},"Often agency fees",[161,3569,3570,3572,3575],{},[179,3571,3372],{},[179,3573,3574],{},"Agency fees",[179,3576,3577],{},"Fees paid to the agency",[161,3579,3580,3582,3585],{},[179,3581,3339],{},[179,3583,3584],{},"Furnished",[179,3586,3587],{},"Furniture\u002Fequipment included",[161,3589,3590,3593,3596],{},[179,3591,3592],{},"non meublé \u002F vide",[179,3594,3595],{},"Unfurnished",[179,3597,3598],{},"Empty\u002Funfurnished rental",[161,3600,3601,3603,3606],{},[179,3602,3360],{},[179,3604,3605],{},"Floor",[179,3607,3608],{},"Which floor the apartment is on",[161,3610,3611,3613,3616],{},[179,3612,3364],{},[179,3614,3615],{},"Elevator",[179,3617,3618],{},"Important for upper floors",[161,3620,3621,3623,3626],{},[179,3622,3377],{},[179,3624,3625],{},"Energy performance diagnosis",[179,3627,3628],{},"Energy rating and estimated energy use",[10,3630,485,3631,66,3633,66,3635,66,3637,66,3639,497,3641,500],{},[14,3632,3305],{},[14,3634,3311],{},[14,3636,3318],{},[14,3638,3333],{},[14,3640,3354],{},[14,3642,3377],{},[147,3644,3646],{"id":3645},"read-the-listing-in-this-order","Read the listing in this order",[10,3648,3649],{},"Do not start by translating every adjective. Read the listing like someone deciding whether it is worth applying.",[10,3651,3652],{},[136,3653],{"alt":3654,"src":3655},"French apartment listing reading order","\u002Fblog\u002Ffrench-apartment-listing-reading-order.svg",[10,3657,3658,3659,66,3661,66,3663,73,3665,3667],{},"First, find ",[14,3660,3305],{},[14,3662,3311],{},[14,3664,3318],{},[14,3666,3321],{},". This tells you what the monthly amount does and does not include.",[10,3669,3670,3671,3673],{},"Second, check the deposit: ",[14,3672,3333],{},". The amount depends on the type of lease, especially whether the place is furnished or unfurnished.",[10,3675,3676,3677,66,3679,66,3682,66,3684,66,3687,497,3689,500],{},"Third, check size and layout: ",[14,3678,3354],{},[14,3680,3681],{},"m²",[14,3683,3348],{},[14,3685,3686],{},"chambres",[14,3688,3360],{},[14,3690,3364],{},[10,3692,3693,3694,66,3696,66,3698,66,3701,66,3704,66,3707,500],{},"Fourth, read the furnished status and features: ",[14,3695,3339],{},[14,3697,3342],{},[14,3699,3700],{},"cuisine équipée",[14,3702,3703],{},"balcon",[14,3705,3706],{},"cave",[14,3708,3709],{},"parking",[10,3711,3712,3713,66,3715,66,3718,3721,3722,500],{},"Fifth, check the energy and risk details: ",[14,3714,3377],{},[14,3716,3717],{},"GES",[14,3719,3720],{},"classe énergie",", estimated annual energy spending and ",[14,3723,3724],{},"Géorisques",[10,3726,3727,3728,66,3731,66,3734,66,3737,66,3740,497,3743,500],{},"Sixth, read the application and viewing details: ",[14,3729,3730],{},"dossier",[14,3732,3733],{},"garant",[14,3735,3736],{},"justificatifs",[14,3738,3739],{},"visite",[14,3741,3742],{},"disponible",[14,3744,3369],{},[147,3746,3748],{"id":3747},"loyer-charges-comprises-and-hors-charges","Loyer, charges comprises and hors charges",[10,3750,3751],{},"The rent section is the first place to slow down.",[155,3753,3754,3765],{},[158,3755,3756],{},[161,3757,3758,3760,3762],{},[164,3759,166],{},[164,3761,169],{},[164,3763,3764],{},"Practical reading",[174,3766,3767,3776,3786,3797,3806,3814,3823,3832,3843],{},[161,3768,3769,3771,3773],{},[179,3770,3305],{},[179,3772,3501],{},[179,3774,3775],{},"Monthly rent amount",[161,3777,3778,3781,3783],{},[179,3779,3780],{},"loyer mensuel",[179,3782,3504],{},[179,3784,3785],{},"Rent per month",[161,3787,3788,3791,3794],{},[179,3789,3790],{},"par mois \u002F mois",[179,3792,3793],{},"Per month",[179,3795,3796],{},"Confirms monthly amount",[161,3798,3799,3801,3803],{},[179,3800,3324],{},[179,3802,3522],{},[179,3804,3805],{},"Often abbreviated CC",[161,3807,3808,3810,3812],{},[179,3809,3318],{},[179,3811,3324],{},[179,3813,3522],{},[161,3815,3816,3818,3820],{},[179,3817,3327],{},[179,3819,3533],{},[179,3821,3822],{},"Often abbreviated HC",[161,3824,3825,3827,3829],{},[179,3826,3321],{},[179,3828,3327],{},[179,3830,3831],{},"Charges not included",[161,3833,3834,3837,3840],{},[179,3835,3836],{},"charges locatives",[179,3838,3839],{},"Rental charges",[179,3841,3842],{},"Recoverable tenant charges",[161,3844,3845,3848,3851],{},[179,3846,3847],{},"charges récupérables",[179,3849,3850],{},"Recoverable charges",[179,3852,3853],{},"Charges the landlord can recover from tenant",[10,3855,3856,3857,73,3860,3863,3864,73,3866,3868],{},"Service Public explains that rental ads must show the monthly rent increased by rental charges if applicable, followed by ",[14,3858,3859],{},"par mois",[14,3861,3862],{},"\u002Fmois",", and ",[14,3865,3324],{},[14,3867,3318],{}," when charges are included.",[10,3870,727],{},[155,3872,3873,3882],{},[158,3874,3875],{},[161,3876,3877,3880],{},[164,3878,3879],{},"Listing says",[164,3881,169],{},[174,3883,3884,3892,3900,3908],{},[161,3885,3886,3889],{},[179,3887,3888],{},"920 € \u002F mois CC",[179,3890,3891],{},"920 euros per month, charges included",[161,3893,3894,3897],{},[179,3895,3896],{},"Loyer 850 € HC + 70 € charges",[179,3898,3899],{},"850 euros rent excluding charges, plus 70 euros charges",[161,3901,3902,3905],{},[179,3903,3904],{},"1 100 € charges comprises",[179,3906,3907],{},"1,100 euros with charges included",[161,3909,3910,3913],{},[179,3911,3912],{},"Loyer hors charges : 780 €",[179,3914,3915],{},"Rent excluding charges: 780 euros",[10,3917,3918,3919,73,3921,500],{},"The most important habit: do not compare listings until you know whether the amount is ",[14,3920,3318],{},[14,3922,3321],{},[147,3924,3926],{"id":3925},"charges-what-they-can-mean","Charges: what they can mean",[10,3928,3929,3932],{},[14,3930,3931],{},"Charges"," are monthly costs connected to the building and housing services.",[155,3934,3935,3943],{},[158,3936,3937],{},[161,3938,3939,3941],{},[164,3940,166],{},[164,3942,169],{},[174,3944,3945,3951,3957,3963,3971,3979,3987,3995,4003,4011,4019,4025,4033],{},[161,3946,3947,3949],{},[179,3948,3311],{},[179,3950,3511],{},[161,3952,3953,3955],{},[179,3954,3836],{},[179,3956,3839],{},[161,3958,3959,3961],{},[179,3960,3847],{},[179,3962,3850],{},[161,3964,3965,3968],{},[179,3966,3967],{},"provision sur charges",[179,3969,3970],{},"Advance payment for charges",[161,3972,3973,3976],{},[179,3974,3975],{},"forfait de charges",[179,3977,3978],{},"Flat monthly charge amount",[161,3980,3981,3984],{},[179,3982,3983],{},"régularisation annuelle",[179,3985,3986],{},"Annual adjustment",[161,3988,3989,3992],{},[179,3990,3991],{},"eau froide",[179,3993,3994],{},"Cold water",[161,3996,3997,4000],{},[179,3998,3999],{},"eau chaude",[179,4001,4002],{},"Hot water",[161,4004,4005,4008],{},[179,4006,4007],{},"chauffage",[179,4009,4010],{},"Heating",[161,4012,4013,4016],{},[179,4014,4015],{},"entretien des parties communes",[179,4017,4018],{},"Common-area maintenance",[161,4020,4021,4023],{},[179,4022,3364],{},[179,4024,3615],{},[161,4026,4027,4030],{},[179,4028,4029],{},"ordures ménagères",[179,4031,4032],{},"Household waste collection",[161,4034,4035,4038],{},[179,4036,4037],{},"gardien \u002F concierge",[179,4039,4040],{},"Caretaker \u002F concierge",[10,4042,4043,4044,4046],{},"Service Public explains that charges paid by the tenant can be regularized annually by comparing what was already paid with actual expenses. This is why ",[14,4045,3967],{}," is not always the final word.",[10,4048,727],{},[155,4050,4051,4059],{},[158,4052,4053],{},[161,4054,4055,4057],{},[164,4056,3879],{},[164,4058,169],{},[174,4060,4061,4069,4077,4085,4093],{},[161,4062,4063,4066],{},[179,4064,4065],{},"Charges : 80 €",[179,4067,4068],{},"Monthly charges: 80 euros",[161,4070,4071,4074],{},[179,4072,4073],{},"Provision sur charges : 90 €",[179,4075,4076],{},"Monthly advance payment for charges: 90 euros",[161,4078,4079,4082],{},[179,4080,4081],{},"Forfait charges : 70 €",[179,4083,4084],{},"Flat monthly charges: 70 euros",[161,4086,4087,4090],{},[179,4088,4089],{},"Chauffage inclus",[179,4091,4092],{},"Heating included",[161,4094,4095,4098],{},[179,4096,4097],{},"Eau chaude collective",[179,4099,4100],{},"Shared\u002Fbuilding hot water system",[10,4102,4103,4104,4106],{},"Always ask what is included in ",[14,4105,3311],{},". Electricity, internet and home insurance are often separate.",[147,4108,4110],{"id":4109},"dépôt-de-garantie-and-caution","Dépôt de garantie and caution",[10,4112,4113,4116,4117,4120],{},[14,4114,4115],{},"Dépôt de garantie"," means security deposit. ",[14,4118,4119],{},"Caution"," can mean guarantor, although people sometimes use it casually to refer to the deposit.",[155,4122,4123,4131],{},[158,4124,4125],{},[161,4126,4127,4129],{},[164,4128,166],{},[164,4130,169],{},[174,4132,4133,4139,4147,4154,4161,4169],{},[161,4134,4135,4137],{},[179,4136,3333],{},[179,4138,3543],{},[161,4140,4141,4144],{},[179,4142,4143],{},"DG",[179,4145,4146],{},"Deposit abbreviation",[161,4148,4149,4151],{},[179,4150,3551],{},[179,4152,4153],{},"Guarantor, sometimes deposit in casual speech",[161,4155,4156,4158],{},[179,4157,3733],{},[179,4159,4160],{},"Guarantor",[161,4162,4163,4166],{},[179,4164,4165],{},"acte de cautionnement",[179,4167,4168],{},"Guarantor commitment",[161,4170,4171,4174],{},[179,4172,4173],{},"garantie Visale",[179,4175,4176],{},"Visale guarantee",[10,4178,4179,4180,4183],{},"Service Public explains that the deposit is usually paid when the lease is signed. For a main-residence lease, the maximum deposit is generally one month's rent excluding charges for an unfurnished rental and two months' rent excluding charges for a furnished rental. A ",[14,4181,4182],{},"bail mobilité"," has special rules, and a deposit is not allowed there.",[10,4185,727],{},[155,4187,4188,4196],{},[158,4189,4190],{},[161,4191,4192,4194],{},[164,4193,3879],{},[164,4195,169],{},[174,4197,4198,4206,4214,4222],{},[161,4199,4200,4203],{},[179,4201,4202],{},"Dépôt de garantie : 850 €",[179,4204,4205],{},"Security deposit: 850 euros",[161,4207,4208,4211],{},[179,4209,4210],{},"DG : 1 mois HC",[179,4212,4213],{},"Deposit: one month of rent excluding charges",[161,4215,4216,4219],{},[179,4217,4218],{},"Caution demandée",[179,4220,4221],{},"Guarantor requested, or deposit requested depending on context",[161,4223,4224,4227],{},[179,4225,4226],{},"Garant obligatoire",[179,4228,4229],{},"Guarantor required",[10,4231,4232,4233,4236,4237,4239],{},"Context matters. If the ad says ",[14,4234,4235],{},"garant obligatoire",", it means a guarantor. If it says ",[14,4238,3333],{},", it means the deposit.",[147,4241,4243],{"id":4242},"meublé-non-meublé-and-vide","Meublé, non meublé and vide",[10,4245,4246],{},"French listings often tell you whether the apartment is furnished.",[155,4248,4249,4257],{},[158,4250,4251],{},[161,4252,4253,4255],{},[164,4254,166],{},[164,4256,169],{},[174,4258,4259,4265,4273,4279,4287,4295,4303,4310],{},[161,4260,4261,4263],{},[179,4262,3339],{},[179,4264,3584],{},[161,4266,4267,4270],{},[179,4268,4269],{},"location meublée",[179,4271,4272],{},"Furnished rental",[161,4274,4275,4277],{},[179,4276,3342],{},[179,4278,3595],{},[161,4280,4281,4284],{},[179,4282,4283],{},"vide",[179,4285,4286],{},"Empty \u002F unfurnished",[161,4288,4289,4292],{},[179,4290,4291],{},"semi-meublé",[179,4293,4294],{},"Partly furnished",[161,4296,4297,4300],{},[179,4298,4299],{},"équipé",[179,4301,4302],{},"Equipped",[161,4304,4305,4307],{},[179,4306,3700],{},[179,4308,4309],{},"Equipped kitchen",[161,4311,4312,4315],{},[179,4313,4314],{},"cuisine aménagée",[179,4316,4317],{},"Fitted kitchen",[10,4319,4320],{},"This matters because furnished and unfurnished rentals can have different lease rules, deposit amounts and practical expectations.",[10,4322,727],{},[155,4324,4325,4333],{},[158,4326,4327],{},[161,4328,4329,4331],{},[164,4330,3879],{},[164,4332,169],{},[174,4334,4335,4343,4351,4358],{},[161,4336,4337,4340],{},[179,4338,4339],{},"Studio meublé",[179,4341,4342],{},"Furnished studio",[161,4344,4345,4348],{},[179,4346,4347],{},"Appartement vide",[179,4349,4350],{},"Unfurnished apartment",[161,4352,4353,4356],{},[179,4354,4355],{},"Cuisine équipée",[179,4357,4309],{},[161,4359,4360,4363],{},[179,4361,4362],{},"Loué meublé",[179,4364,4365],{},"Rented furnished",[10,4367,4368,4369,4371,4372,73,4374,4376],{},"If you are moving with few belongings, ",[14,4370,3339],{}," can be helpful. If you already have furniture, ",[14,4373,4283],{},[14,4375,3342],{}," may be better.",[147,4378,4380],{"id":4379},"pièces-chambres-and-layout","Pièces, chambres and layout",[10,4382,4383,4384,4386],{},"French listings count ",[14,4385,3348],{}," as main rooms, not every room.",[155,4388,4389,4397],{},[158,4390,4391],{},[161,4392,4393,4395],{},[164,4394,166],{},[164,4396,169],{},[174,4398,4399,4407,4413,4421,4429,4436,4444,4452,4460,4468,4476],{},[161,4400,4401,4404],{},[179,4402,4403],{},"pièce",[179,4405,4406],{},"Room",[161,4408,4409,4411],{},[179,4410,3348],{},[179,4412,3481],{},[161,4414,4415,4418],{},[179,4416,4417],{},"chambre",[179,4419,4420],{},"Bedroom",[161,4422,4423,4426],{},[179,4424,4425],{},"séjour",[179,4427,4428],{},"Living room",[161,4430,4431,4434],{},[179,4432,4433],{},"salon",[179,4435,4428],{},[161,4437,4438,4441],{},[179,4439,4440],{},"cuisine",[179,4442,4443],{},"Kitchen",[161,4445,4446,4449],{},[179,4447,4448],{},"salle de bains",[179,4450,4451],{},"Bathroom with bath",[161,4453,4454,4457],{},[179,4455,4456],{},"salle d'eau",[179,4458,4459],{},"Shower room",[161,4461,4462,4465],{},[179,4463,4464],{},"WC séparé",[179,4466,4467],{},"Separate toilet",[161,4469,4470,4473],{},[179,4471,4472],{},"entrée",[179,4474,4475],{},"Entryway",[161,4477,4478,4481],{},[179,4479,4480],{},"couloir",[179,4482,4483],{},"Hallway",[10,4485,4486],{},"Useful patterns:",[155,4488,4489,4498],{},[158,4490,4491],{},[161,4492,4493,4495],{},[164,4494,3879],{},[164,4496,4497],{},"Practical meaning",[174,4499,4500,4507,4513,4519,4527,4535],{},[161,4501,4502,4505],{},[179,4503,4504],{},"Studio",[179,4506,3452],{},[161,4508,4509,4511],{},[179,4510,3457],{},[179,4512,3452],{},[161,4514,4515,4517],{},[179,4516,3468],{},[179,4518,3474],{},[161,4520,4521,4524],{},[179,4522,4523],{},"T3 \u002F F3",[179,4525,4526],{},"Usually two bedrooms plus living room",[161,4528,4529,4532],{},[179,4530,4531],{},"2 pièces",[179,4533,4534],{},"Two main rooms",[161,4536,4537,4540],{},[179,4538,4539],{},"2 pièces, 1 chambre",[179,4541,4542],{},"Two main rooms, one bedroom",[10,4544,4545,4546,4548],{},"Do not read ",[14,4547,4531],{}," as two bedrooms. It usually means one bedroom and one living room.",[147,4550,4552],{"id":4551},"surface-habitable-and-m","Surface habitable and m²",[10,4554,4555,4558],{},[14,4556,4557],{},"Surface habitable"," means living area.",[155,4560,4561,4569],{},[158,4562,4563],{},[161,4564,4565,4567],{},[164,4566,166],{},[164,4568,169],{},[174,4570,4571,4579,4585,4592,4600,4608],{},[161,4572,4573,4576],{},[179,4574,4575],{},"surface",[179,4577,4578],{},"Area \u002F size",[161,4580,4581,4583],{},[179,4582,3354],{},[179,4584,3491],{},[161,4586,4587,4589],{},[179,4588,3681],{},[179,4590,4591],{},"Square meters",[161,4593,4594,4597],{},[179,4595,4596],{},"environ",[179,4598,4599],{},"Approximately",[161,4601,4602,4605],{},[179,4603,4604],{},"env.",[179,4606,4607],{},"Approx.",[161,4609,4610,4613],{},[179,4611,4612],{},"loi Carrez",[179,4614,4615],{},"Carrez law area, often in sales context",[10,4617,4618],{},"Service Public says rental ads must mention the surface of the housing in square meters of living area.",[10,4620,727],{},[155,4622,4623,4631],{},[158,4624,4625],{},[161,4626,4627,4629],{},[164,4628,3879],{},[164,4630,169],{},[174,4632,4633,4641,4649,4657],{},[161,4634,4635,4638],{},[179,4636,4637],{},"Surface : 32 m²",[179,4639,4640],{},"Area: 32 square meters",[161,4642,4643,4646],{},[179,4644,4645],{},"Surface habitable : 45 m²",[179,4647,4648],{},"Living area: 45 square meters",[161,4650,4651,4654],{},[179,4652,4653],{},"Env. 28 m²",[179,4655,4656],{},"Approximately 28 square meters",[161,4658,4659,4662],{},[179,4660,4661],{},"2 pièces de 41 m²",[179,4663,4664],{},"Two-room apartment of 41 square meters",[10,4666,4667,4668,4670,4671,4673],{},"The abbreviation ",[14,4669,4604],{}," means ",[14,4672,4596],{},", or approximately.",[147,4675,4677],{"id":4676},"étage-ascenseur-and-building-words","Étage, ascenseur and building words",[10,4679,4680],{},"Floor words matter in daily life.",[155,4682,4683,4691],{},[158,4684,4685],{},[161,4686,4687,4689],{},[164,4688,166],{},[164,4690,169],{},[174,4692,4693,4699,4707,4715,4723,4731,4737,4745,4753,4761,4769,4777],{},[161,4694,4695,4697],{},[179,4696,3360],{},[179,4698,3605],{},[161,4700,4701,4704],{},[179,4702,4703],{},"rez-de-chaussée \u002F RDC",[179,4705,4706],{},"Ground floor",[161,4708,4709,4712],{},[179,4710,4711],{},"1er étage",[179,4713,4714],{},"First floor above ground",[161,4716,4717,4720],{},[179,4718,4719],{},"dernier étage",[179,4721,4722],{},"Top floor",[161,4724,4725,4728],{},[179,4726,4727],{},"sous-sol",[179,4729,4730],{},"Basement",[161,4732,4733,4735],{},[179,4734,3364],{},[179,4736,3615],{},[161,4738,4739,4742],{},[179,4740,4741],{},"sans ascenseur",[179,4743,4744],{},"Without elevator",[161,4746,4747,4750],{},[179,4748,4749],{},"immeuble",[179,4751,4752],{},"Building",[161,4754,4755,4758],{},[179,4756,4757],{},"copropriété",[179,4759,4760],{},"Co-owned building \u002F condominium",[161,4762,4763,4766],{},[179,4764,4765],{},"gardien",[179,4767,4768],{},"Caretaker",[161,4770,4771,4774],{},[179,4772,4773],{},"interphone",[179,4775,4776],{},"Intercom",[161,4778,4779,4782],{},[179,4780,4781],{},"digicode",[179,4783,4784],{},"Door code system",[10,4786,727],{},[155,4788,4789,4797],{},[158,4790,4791],{},[161,4792,4793,4795],{},[164,4794,3879],{},[164,4796,169],{},[174,4798,4799,4807,4815,4823],{},[161,4800,4801,4804],{},[179,4802,4803],{},"4e étage sans ascenseur",[179,4805,4806],{},"4th floor, no elevator",[161,4808,4809,4812],{},[179,4810,4811],{},"RDC sur cour",[179,4813,4814],{},"Ground floor facing courtyard",[161,4816,4817,4820],{},[179,4818,4819],{},"Dernier étage avec ascenseur",[179,4821,4822],{},"Top floor with elevator",[161,4824,4825,4828],{},[179,4826,4827],{},"Immeuble ancien",[179,4829,4830],{},"Older building",[10,4832,4833,4834,4837,4838,4840],{},"In France, ",[14,4835,4836],{},"RDC"," is ground floor. The ",[14,4839,4711],{}," is one level above ground.",[147,4842,4844],{"id":4843},"features-cuisine-équipée-balcon-cave-and-parking","Features: cuisine équipée, balcon, cave and parking",[10,4846,4847,497,4850,4853],{},[14,4848,4849],{},"Équipements",[14,4851,4852],{},"prestations"," are common feature words.",[155,4855,4856,4864],{},[158,4857,4858],{},[161,4859,4860,4862],{},[164,4861,166],{},[164,4863,169],{},[174,4865,4866,4874,4881,4887,4895,4902,4910,4917,4924,4932,4940,4948,4956,4964,4972],{},[161,4867,4868,4871],{},[179,4869,4870],{},"équipements",[179,4872,4873],{},"Equipment \u002F features",[161,4875,4876,4878],{},[179,4877,4852],{},[179,4879,4880],{},"Features \u002F amenities",[161,4882,4883,4885],{},[179,4884,3700],{},[179,4886,4309],{},[161,4888,4889,4892],{},[179,4890,4891],{},"cuisine ouverte",[179,4893,4894],{},"Open kitchen",[161,4896,4897,4899],{},[179,4898,3703],{},[179,4900,4901],{},"Balcony",[161,4903,4904,4907],{},[179,4905,4906],{},"terrasse",[179,4908,4909],{},"Terrace",[161,4911,4912,4914],{},[179,4913,3706],{},[179,4915,4916],{},"Cellar \u002F storage",[161,4918,4919,4921],{},[179,4920,3709],{},[179,4922,4923],{},"Parking",[161,4925,4926,4929],{},[179,4927,4928],{},"place de parking",[179,4930,4931],{},"Parking space",[161,4933,4934,4937],{},[179,4935,4936],{},"box",[179,4938,4939],{},"Garage box",[161,4941,4942,4945],{},[179,4943,4944],{},"fibre",[179,4946,4947],{},"Fiber internet",[161,4949,4950,4953],{},[179,4951,4952],{},"double vitrage",[179,4954,4955],{},"Double glazing",[161,4957,4958,4961],{},[179,4959,4960],{},"parquet",[179,4962,4963],{},"Wooden floor",[161,4965,4966,4969],{},[179,4967,4968],{},"rangement",[179,4970,4971],{},"Storage",[161,4973,4974,4977],{},[179,4975,4976],{},"placard",[179,4978,4979],{},"Closet",[10,4981,727],{},[155,4983,4984,4992],{},[158,4985,4986],{},[161,4987,4988,4990],{},[164,4989,3879],{},[164,4991,169],{},[174,4993,4994,5002,5010,5018],{},[161,4995,4996,4999],{},[179,4997,4998],{},"Balcon et cave",[179,5000,5001],{},"Balcony and cellar",[161,5003,5004,5007],{},[179,5005,5006],{},"Parking en supplément",[179,5008,5009],{},"Parking for an additional fee",[161,5011,5012,5015],{},[179,5013,5014],{},"Cuisine ouverte équipée",[179,5016,5017],{},"Open equipped kitchen",[161,5019,5020,5023],{},[179,5021,5022],{},"Fibre disponible",[179,5024,5025],{},"Fiber available",[10,5027,5028,5029,5032],{},"If a feature says ",[14,5030,5031],{},"en supplément",", it costs extra.",[147,5034,5036],{"id":5035},"dpe-ges-and-energy-details","DPE, GES and energy details",[10,5038,5039,5041,5042,5045],{},[14,5040,3377],{}," stands for ",[14,5043,5044],{},"diagnostic de performance énergétique",", or energy performance diagnosis.",[155,5047,5048,5056],{},[158,5049,5050],{},[161,5051,5052,5054],{},[164,5053,166],{},[164,5055,169],{},[174,5057,5058,5064,5071,5078,5086,5094,5102],{},[161,5059,5060,5062],{},[179,5061,3377],{},[179,5063,3625],{},[161,5065,5066,5068],{},[179,5067,3720],{},[179,5069,5070],{},"Energy class",[161,5072,5073,5075],{},[179,5074,3717],{},[179,5076,5077],{},"Greenhouse gas emissions",[161,5079,5080,5083],{},[179,5081,5082],{},"gaz à effet de serre",[179,5084,5085],{},"Greenhouse gases",[161,5087,5088,5091],{},[179,5089,5090],{},"consommation énergétique",[179,5092,5093],{},"Energy consumption",[161,5095,5096,5099],{},[179,5097,5098],{},"dépenses annuelles d'énergie",[179,5100,5101],{},"Annual energy expenses",[161,5103,5104,5107],{},[179,5105,5106],{},"logement à consommation énergétique excessive",[179,5108,5109],{},"Housing with excessive energy consumption",[10,5111,5112,5113,500],{},"Service Public says rental ads must show the energy performance classification, greenhouse gas emissions classification and estimated annual energy expenses for standard use. If the housing is classed F or G, the ad must say ",[14,5114,5115],{},"Logement à consommation énergétique excessive",[10,5117,727],{},[155,5119,5120,5128],{},[158,5121,5122],{},[161,5123,5124,5126],{},[164,5125,3879],{},[164,5127,169],{},[174,5129,5130,5138,5146,5154,5161],{},[161,5131,5132,5135],{},[179,5133,5134],{},"DPE : D",[179,5136,5137],{},"Energy rating D",[161,5139,5140,5143],{},[179,5141,5142],{},"GES : B",[179,5144,5145],{},"Greenhouse gas rating B",[161,5147,5148,5151],{},[179,5149,5150],{},"Classe énergie E",[179,5152,5153],{},"Energy class E",[161,5155,5156,5158],{},[179,5157,5115],{},[179,5159,5160],{},"Excessive energy consumption housing",[161,5162,5163,5166],{},[179,5164,5165],{},"Montant estimé des dépenses annuelles d'énergie",[179,5167,5168],{},"Estimated annual energy spending",[10,5170,5171],{},"Energy details can affect comfort and monthly cost, especially for older apartments.",[147,5173,5175],{"id":5174},"honoraires-frais-dagence-and-état-des-lieux","Honoraires, frais d'agence and état des lieux",[10,5177,5178],{},"If an agency is involved, the ad may mention fees.",[155,5180,5181,5189],{},[158,5182,5183],{},[161,5184,5185,5187],{},[164,5186,166],{},[164,5188,169],{},[174,5190,5191,5197,5203,5211,5219,5227,5234,5241,5249,5257],{},[161,5192,5193,5195],{},[179,5194,3369],{},[179,5196,3564],{},[161,5198,5199,5201],{},[179,5200,3372],{},[179,5202,3574],{},[161,5204,5205,5208],{},[179,5206,5207],{},"honoraires locataire",[179,5209,5210],{},"Fees paid by tenant",[161,5212,5213,5216],{},[179,5214,5215],{},"TTC",[179,5217,5218],{},"All taxes included",[161,5220,5221,5224],{},[179,5222,5223],{},"état des lieux",[179,5225,5226],{},"Move-in\u002Fmove-out condition report",[161,5228,5229,5231],{},[179,5230,3739],{},[179,5232,5233],{},"Viewing",[161,5235,5236,5238],{},[179,5237,3730],{},[179,5239,5240],{},"Application file",[161,5242,5243,5246],{},[179,5244,5245],{},"agence",[179,5247,5248],{},"Agency",[161,5250,5251,5254],{},[179,5252,5253],{},"particulier",[179,5255,5256],{},"Private individual",[161,5258,5259,5262],{},[179,5260,5261],{},"de particulier à particulier",[179,5263,5264],{},"Direct private listing",[10,5266,5267,5268,5270],{},"Service Public says rental ads by agencies must indicate the total agency fees payable by the tenant, including the amount for the move-in ",[14,5269,5223],{}," if applicable.",[10,5272,727],{},[155,5274,5275,5283],{},[158,5276,5277],{},[161,5278,5279,5281],{},[164,5280,3879],{},[164,5282,169],{},[174,5284,5285,5293,5301,5309],{},[161,5286,5287,5290],{},[179,5288,5289],{},"Honoraires locataire : 450 € TTC",[179,5291,5292],{},"Tenant agency fees: 450 euros including tax",[161,5294,5295,5298],{},[179,5296,5297],{},"Dont état des lieux : 90 €",[179,5299,5300],{},"Of which condition report: 90 euros",[161,5302,5303,5306],{},[179,5304,5305],{},"Frais d'agence inclus",[179,5307,5308],{},"Agency fees included",[161,5310,5311,5314],{},[179,5312,5313],{},"Location de particulier à particulier",[179,5315,5316],{},"Private landlord listing",[10,5318,5319,5320,5322],{},"If you see ",[14,5321,5215],{},", read it as \"including tax.\"",[147,5324,5326],{"id":5325},"disponible-libre-and-move-in-timing","Disponible, libre and move-in timing",[10,5328,5329],{},"Availability words are usually short.",[155,5331,5332,5340],{},[158,5333,5334],{},[161,5335,5336,5338],{},[164,5337,166],{},[164,5339,169],{},[174,5341,5342,5349,5357,5365,5373,5381,5389,5397,5404,5412],{},[161,5343,5344,5346],{},[179,5345,3742],{},[179,5347,5348],{},"Available",[161,5350,5351,5354],{},[179,5352,5353],{},"disponible à partir du",[179,5355,5356],{},"Available from",[161,5358,5359,5362],{},[179,5360,5361],{},"libre",[179,5363,5364],{},"Vacant \u002F available",[161,5366,5367,5370],{},[179,5368,5369],{},"libre de suite",[179,5371,5372],{},"Available immediately",[161,5374,5375,5378],{},[179,5376,5377],{},"dès maintenant",[179,5379,5380],{},"From now",[161,5382,5383,5386],{},[179,5384,5385],{},"entrée possible",[179,5387,5388],{},"Move-in possible",[161,5390,5391,5394],{},[179,5392,5393],{},"bail",[179,5395,5396],{},"Lease",[161,5398,5399,5401],{},[179,5400,4182],{},[179,5402,5403],{},"Mobility lease",[161,5405,5406,5409],{},[179,5407,5408],{},"courte durée",[179,5410,5411],{},"Short term",[161,5413,5414,5417],{},[179,5415,5416],{},"longue durée",[179,5418,5419],{},"Long term",[10,5421,727],{},[155,5423,5424,5432],{},[158,5425,5426],{},[161,5427,5428,5430],{},[164,5429,3879],{},[164,5431,169],{},[174,5433,5434,5442,5449,5457],{},[161,5435,5436,5439],{},[179,5437,5438],{},"Disponible à partir du 1er septembre",[179,5440,5441],{},"Available from September 1",[161,5443,5444,5447],{},[179,5445,5446],{},"Libre de suite",[179,5448,5372],{},[161,5450,5451,5454],{},[179,5452,5453],{},"Bail mobilité uniquement",[179,5455,5456],{},"Mobility lease only",[161,5458,5459,5462],{},[179,5460,5461],{},"Location longue durée",[179,5463,5464],{},"Long-term rental",[10,5466,5467,5468,5470],{},"If the listing says ",[14,5469,4182],{},", check the rules carefully. It is not the same as an ordinary lease.",[147,5472,5474],{"id":5473},"encadrement-des-loyers-and-rent-control-words","Encadrement des loyers and rent-control words",[10,5476,5477],{},"Some French cities have specific rent-control information in rental ads.",[155,5479,5480,5488],{},[158,5481,5482],{},[161,5483,5484,5486],{},[164,5485,166],{},[164,5487,169],{},[174,5489,5490,5498,5506,5514,5522,5530],{},[161,5491,5492,5495],{},[179,5493,5494],{},"encadrement des loyers",[179,5496,5497],{},"Rent control framework",[161,5499,5500,5503],{},[179,5501,5502],{},"zone soumise à encadrement des loyers",[179,5504,5505],{},"Zone subject to rent control",[161,5507,5508,5511],{},[179,5509,5510],{},"loyer de référence",[179,5512,5513],{},"Reference rent",[161,5515,5516,5519],{},[179,5517,5518],{},"loyer de référence majoré",[179,5520,5521],{},"Increased reference rent \u002F maximum base reference",[161,5523,5524,5527],{},[179,5525,5526],{},"loyer de base",[179,5528,5529],{},"Base rent",[161,5531,5532,5535],{},[179,5533,5534],{},"complément de loyer",[179,5536,5537],{},"Rent supplement",[10,5539,5540,5541,66,5543,497,5545,500],{},"Service Public lists several areas where specific ad rules apply, including Paris, Bordeaux, Lille, Lyon, Montpellier and some intercommunal areas. In those zones, ads can include extra lines such as ",[14,5542,5518],{},[14,5544,5526],{},[14,5546,5534],{},[10,5548,5549],{},"For reading the ad, remember:",[155,5551,5552,5560],{},[158,5553,5554],{},[161,5555,5556,5558],{},[164,5557,3879],{},[164,5559,169],{},[174,5561,5562,5570,5577,5585],{},[161,5563,5564,5567],{},[179,5565,5566],{},"Zone soumise à encadrement des loyers",[179,5568,5569],{},"Rent-control zone",[161,5571,5572,5575],{},[179,5573,5574],{},"Loyer de base",[179,5576,5529],{},[161,5578,5579,5582],{},[179,5580,5581],{},"Loyer de référence majoré",[179,5583,5584],{},"Reference maximum shown in the ad",[161,5586,5587,5590],{},[179,5588,5589],{},"Complément de loyer",[179,5591,5592],{},"Additional rent supplement",[10,5594,5595],{},"This section can look technical, but it is usually trying to explain how the listed rent relates to local rent-control rules.",[147,5597,5599],{"id":5598},"dossier-de-location-and-documents","Dossier de location and documents",[10,5601,5602,5603,500],{},"In France, applying for an apartment often means preparing a ",[14,5604,3730],{},[155,5606,5607,5615],{},[158,5608,5609],{},[161,5610,5611,5613],{},[164,5612,166],{},[164,5614,169],{},[174,5616,5617,5623,5630,5637,5645,5653,5661,5669,5677,5685,5691],{},[161,5618,5619,5621],{},[179,5620,3730],{},[179,5622,5240],{},[161,5624,5625,5627],{},[179,5626,3383],{},[179,5628,5629],{},"Rental application file",[161,5631,5632,5634],{},[179,5633,3736],{},[179,5635,5636],{},"Supporting documents",[161,5638,5639,5642],{},[179,5640,5641],{},"pièce d'identité",[179,5643,5644],{},"ID document",[161,5646,5647,5650],{},[179,5648,5649],{},"justificatif de domicile",[179,5651,5652],{},"Proof of address",[161,5654,5655,5658],{},[179,5656,5657],{},"justificatif de revenus",[179,5659,5660],{},"Proof of income",[161,5662,5663,5666],{},[179,5664,5665],{},"contrat de travail",[179,5667,5668],{},"Employment contract",[161,5670,5671,5674],{},[179,5672,5673],{},"fiche de paie",[179,5675,5676],{},"Payslip",[161,5678,5679,5682],{},[179,5680,5681],{},"avis d'imposition",[179,5683,5684],{},"Tax notice",[161,5686,5687,5689],{},[179,5688,3733],{},[179,5690,4160],{},[161,5692,5693,5696],{},[179,5694,5695],{},"DossierFacile",[179,5697,5698],{},"Government-backed rental file service",[10,5700,5701],{},"Service Public lists categories of documents a future private-sector tenant may be asked for, including identity, address, professional situation and resources. It also points to DossierFacile, a service that helps create a rental file with documents authorized by law.",[10,5703,5704],{},"Do not send sensitive documents casually to a suspicious listing. Verify the ad and use safer document-sharing habits.",[147,5706,5708],{"id":5707},"example-french-apartment-listing","Example French apartment listing",[10,5710,5711],{},"Imagine a listing says:",[155,5713,5714,5725],{},[158,5715,5716],{},[161,5717,5718,5721,5723],{},[164,5719,5720],{},"Field",[164,5722,3879],{},[164,5724,169],{},[174,5726,5727,5738,5749,5758,5768,5779,5790,5799,5810,5820,5830,5841],{},[161,5728,5729,5732,5735],{},[179,5730,5731],{},"Titre",[179,5733,5734],{},"T2 meublé avec balcon",[179,5736,5737],{},"Furnished one-bedroom apartment with balcony",[161,5739,5740,5743,5746],{},[179,5741,5742],{},"Ville",[179,5744,5745],{},"Lyon 3e",[179,5747,5748],{},"Lyon, 3rd arrondissement",[161,5750,5751,5754,5756],{},[179,5752,5753],{},"Loyer",[179,5755,3888],{},[179,5757,3891],{},[161,5759,5760,5762,5765],{},[179,5761,3931],{},[179,5763,5764],{},"70 € \u002F mois",[179,5766,5767],{},"70 euros per month in charges",[161,5769,5770,5773,5776],{},[179,5771,5772],{},"Dépôt",[179,5774,5775],{},"1 700 €",[179,5777,5778],{},"Security deposit 1,700 euros",[161,5780,5781,5784,5787],{},[179,5782,5783],{},"Surface",[179,5785,5786],{},"42 m²",[179,5788,5789],{},"42 square meters",[161,5791,5792,5795,5797],{},[179,5793,5794],{},"Pièces",[179,5796,4539],{},[179,5798,4542],{},[161,5800,5801,5804,5807],{},[179,5802,5803],{},"Étage",[179,5805,5806],{},"4e étage avec ascenseur",[179,5808,5809],{},"4th floor with elevator",[161,5811,5812,5814,5817],{},[179,5813,4849],{},[179,5815,5816],{},"Cuisine équipée, balcon, cave",[179,5818,5819],{},"Equipped kitchen, balcony, cellar",[161,5821,5822,5824,5827],{},[179,5823,3377],{},[179,5825,5826],{},"Classe D, GES B",[179,5828,5829],{},"Energy class D, emissions class B",[161,5831,5832,5835,5838],{},[179,5833,5834],{},"Disponible",[179,5836,5837],{},"01\u002F09\u002F2026",[179,5839,5840],{},"Available September 1, 2026",[161,5842,5843,5846,5849],{},[179,5844,5845],{},"Honoraires",[179,5847,5848],{},"420 € TTC",[179,5850,5851],{},"Agency fees 420 euros including tax",[10,5853,5854,5855],{},"The most important first read is: ",[14,5856,5857],{},"920 € per month charges included, furnished T2, 42 m², 4th floor with elevator, 1,700 € deposit, available September 1.",[147,5859,5861],{"id":5860},"common-french-rental-listing-abbreviations","Common French rental listing abbreviations",[10,5863,5864],{},"French listings love abbreviations.",[155,5866,5867,5878],{},[158,5868,5869],{},[161,5870,5871,5873,5876],{},[164,5872,2508],{},[164,5874,5875],{},"Full form",[164,5877,169],{},[174,5879,5880,5888,5896,5904,5912,5920,5929,5939,5948,5957,5965,5974,5984,5993,6002,6013],{},[161,5881,5882,5884,5886],{},[179,5883,3318],{},[179,5885,3324],{},[179,5887,3522],{},[161,5889,5890,5892,5894],{},[179,5891,3321],{},[179,5893,3327],{},[179,5895,3533],{},[161,5897,5898,5900,5902],{},[179,5899,4143],{},[179,5901,3333],{},[179,5903,3543],{},[161,5905,5906,5908,5910],{},[179,5907,3377],{},[179,5909,5044],{},[179,5911,3625],{},[161,5913,5914,5916,5918],{},[179,5915,3717],{},[179,5917,5082],{},[179,5919,5077],{},[161,5921,5922,5924,5927],{},[179,5923,4836],{},[179,5925,5926],{},"rez-de-chaussée",[179,5928,4706],{},[161,5930,5931,5934,5936],{},[179,5932,5933],{},"sdb",[179,5935,4448],{},[179,5937,5938],{},"Bathroom",[161,5940,5941,5944,5946],{},[179,5942,5943],{},"sde",[179,5945,4456],{},[179,5947,4459],{},[161,5949,5950,5953,5955],{},[179,5951,5952],{},"ch.",[179,5954,4417],{},[179,5956,4420],{},[161,5958,5959,5961,5963],{},[179,5960,4604],{},[179,5962,4596],{},[179,5964,4599],{},[161,5966,5967,5969,5972],{},[179,5968,3681],{},[179,5970,5971],{},"mètres carrés",[179,5973,4591],{},[161,5975,5976,5978,5981],{},[179,5977,5215],{},[179,5979,5980],{},"toutes taxes comprises",[179,5982,5983],{},"Including tax",[161,5985,5986,5989,5991],{},[179,5987,5988],{},"Hono.",[179,5990,3369],{},[179,5992,3564],{},[161,5994,5995,5998,6000],{},[179,5996,5997],{},"dispo",[179,5999,3742],{},[179,6001,5348],{},[161,6003,6004,6007,6010],{},[179,6005,6006],{},"coloc",[179,6008,6009],{},"colocation",[179,6011,6012],{},"Flatshare",[161,6014,6015,6018,6020],{},[179,6016,6017],{},"pkg",[179,6019,3709],{},[179,6021,4923],{},[10,6023,5319,6024,6027,6028,500],{},[14,6025,6026],{},"920 € CC",", read it as ",[14,6029,6030],{},"920 euros charges included",[147,6032,6034],{"id":6033},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[10,6036,6037],{},"Here are the mistakes that make French apartment listings harder than they need to be.",[155,6039,6040,6049],{},[158,6041,6042],{},[161,6043,6044,6046],{},[164,6045,2960],{},[164,6047,6048],{},"Better reading habit",[174,6050,6051,6059,6067,6075,6083,6091,6099,6107,6115],{},[161,6052,6053,6056],{},[179,6054,6055],{},"Comparing CC and HC rents directly",[179,6057,6058],{},"First check whether charges are included",[161,6060,6061,6064],{},[179,6062,6063],{},"Reading pièces as bedrooms",[179,6065,6066],{},"Count pièces as main rooms",[161,6068,6069,6072],{},[179,6070,6071],{},"Confusing caution and dépôt de garantie",[179,6073,6074],{},"Caution often means guarantor; dépôt de garantie is the deposit",[161,6076,6077,6080],{},[179,6078,6079],{},"Ignoring honoraires",[179,6081,6082],{},"Agency fees can matter at move-in",[161,6084,6085,6088],{},[179,6086,6087],{},"Skipping DPE",[179,6089,6090],{},"Energy class can affect comfort and cost",[161,6092,6093,6096],{},[179,6094,6095],{},"Missing en supplément",[179,6097,6098],{},"It means extra cost",[161,6100,6101,6104],{},[179,6102,6103],{},"Ignoring étage and ascenseur",[179,6105,6106],{},"Upper floors without elevator change daily life",[161,6108,6109,6112],{},[179,6110,6111],{},"Sending documents too quickly",[179,6113,6114],{},"Verify the listing before sharing sensitive files",[161,6116,6117,6120],{},[179,6118,6119],{},"Missing bail mobilité",[179,6121,6122],{},"It has specific conditions",[147,6124,3051],{"id":3050},[10,6126,6127],{},"When you look at a French apartment listing, scan in this order:",[2784,6129,6130,6135,6141,6146,6151,6156,6161,6167,6173,6179,6185,6191],{},[28,6131,6132,6134],{},[14,6133,5753],{},": monthly rent",[28,6136,6137,6140],{},[14,6138,6139],{},"CC \u002F HC",": charges included or excluded",[28,6142,6143,6145],{},[14,6144,3931],{},": amount and payment method",[28,6147,6148,6150],{},[14,6149,4115],{},": deposit",[28,6152,6153,6155],{},[14,6154,5845],{},": agency fees",[28,6157,6158,6160],{},[14,6159,4557],{},": size in m²",[28,6162,6163,6166],{},[14,6164,6165],{},"Pièces \u002F chambres",": layout",[28,6168,6169,6172],{},[14,6170,6171],{},"Étage \u002F ascenseur",": floor and elevator",[28,6174,6175,6178],{},[14,6176,6177],{},"Meublé \u002F non meublé",": furnished status",[28,6180,6181,6184],{},[14,6182,6183],{},"DPE \u002F GES",": energy and emissions classes",[28,6186,6187,6190],{},[14,6188,6189],{},"Disponible \u002F libre",": move-in timing",[28,6192,6193,6196],{},[14,6194,6195],{},"Dossier \u002F garant",": application requirements",[147,6198,6200],{"id":6199},"useful-message-phrases","Useful message phrases",[155,6202,6203,6211],{},[158,6204,6205],{},[161,6206,6207,6209],{},[164,6208,166],{},[164,6210,169],{},[174,6212,6213,6221,6229,6237,6245,6253,6261,6269,6277,6285],{},[161,6214,6215,6218],{},[179,6216,6217],{},"Le logement est-il toujours disponible ?",[179,6219,6220],{},"Is the apartment still available?",[161,6222,6223,6226],{},[179,6224,6225],{},"Je suis intéressé(e) par cet appartement.",[179,6227,6228],{},"I am interested in this apartment.",[161,6230,6231,6234],{},[179,6232,6233],{},"Quand est-il possible de faire une visite ?",[179,6235,6236],{},"When is it possible to view it?",[161,6238,6239,6242],{},[179,6240,6241],{},"Le loyer est-il charges comprises ?",[179,6243,6244],{},"Is the rent charges included?",[161,6246,6247,6250],{},[179,6248,6249],{},"Quelles charges sont incluses ?",[179,6251,6252],{},"Which charges are included?",[161,6254,6255,6258],{},[179,6256,6257],{},"Le chauffage est-il inclus dans les charges ?",[179,6259,6260],{},"Is heating included in the charges?",[161,6262,6263,6266],{},[179,6264,6265],{},"Quel est le montant du dépôt de garantie ?",[179,6267,6268],{},"What is the deposit amount?",[161,6270,6271,6274],{},[179,6272,6273],{},"Le logement est-il meublé ?",[179,6275,6276],{},"Is the apartment furnished?",[161,6278,6279,6282],{},[179,6280,6281],{},"Quels documents faut-il pour le dossier ?",[179,6283,6284],{},"Which documents are needed for the application file?",[161,6286,6287,6290],{},[179,6288,6289],{},"J'ai un garant.",[179,6291,6292],{},"I have a guarantor.",[147,6294,6296],{"id":6295},"faq","FAQ",[3100,6298,6300],{"id":6299},"what-does-loyer-cc-mean","What does loyer CC mean?",[10,6302,6303,6306,6307,5041,6309,500],{},[14,6304,6305],{},"Loyer CC"," means rent with charges included. ",[14,6308,3318],{},[14,6310,3324],{},[3100,6312,6314],{"id":6313},"what-does-loyer-hc-mean","What does loyer HC mean?",[10,6316,6317,6320,6321,5041,6323,500],{},[14,6318,6319],{},"Loyer HC"," means rent excluding charges. ",[14,6322,3321],{},[14,6324,3327],{},[3100,6326,6328],{"id":6327},"what-does-dépôt-de-garantie-mean","What does dépôt de garantie mean?",[10,6330,6331,6333],{},[14,6332,4115],{}," means security deposit. It is paid when the lease is signed and is separate from monthly rent.",[3100,6335,6337],{"id":6336},"what-does-caution-mean-in-a-french-apartment-listing","What does caution mean in a French apartment listing?",[10,6339,6340,6342,6343,73,6345,6348],{},[14,6341,4119],{}," often means guarantor, especially in phrases like ",[14,6344,3733],{},[14,6346,6347],{},"caution solidaire",". Some people also use it casually for deposit, so check the context.",[3100,6350,6352],{"id":6351},"what-does-t2-mean-in-a-french-listing","What does T2 mean in a French listing?",[10,6354,6355,6358],{},[14,6356,6357],{},"T2"," usually means two main rooms: often one bedroom plus one living room. It does not mean two bedrooms.",[3100,6360,6362],{"id":6361},"what-does-meublé-mean","What does meublé mean?",[10,6364,6365,6368],{},[14,6366,6367],{},"Meublé"," means furnished. A furnished rental includes furniture and equipment for normal living.",[3100,6370,6372],{"id":6371},"what-does-dpe-mean","What does DPE mean?",[10,6374,6375,4670,6377,6379],{},[14,6376,3377],{},[14,6378,5044],{},", or energy performance diagnosis. It gives energy and emissions ratings.",[3100,6381,6383],{"id":6382},"what-does-honoraires-mean","What does honoraires mean?",[10,6385,6386,6388],{},[14,6387,5845],{}," means fees. In rental ads, it often refers to agency fees paid by the tenant.",[3100,6390,6392],{"id":6391},"what-does-libre-de-suite-mean","What does libre de suite mean?",[10,6394,6395,6397],{},[14,6396,5446],{}," means available immediately.",[147,6399,3187],{"id":3186},[25,6401,6402,6409,6416,6423],{},[28,6403,6404],{},[3193,6405,6408],{"href":6406,"rel":6407},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.service-public.gouv.fr\u002Fparticuliers\u002Fvosdroits\u002FF35323",[3197],"Service Public: What a rental ad must indicate",[28,6410,6411],{},[3193,6412,6415],{"href":6413,"rel":6414},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.service-public.gouv.fr\u002Fparticuliers\u002Fvosdroits\u002FF31269",[3197],"Service Public: Security deposit in a residential lease",[28,6417,6418],{},[3193,6419,6422],{"href":6420,"rel":6421},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.service-public.gouv.fr\u002Fparticuliers\u002Fvosdroits\u002FF947",[3197],"Service Public: Charges paid by the tenant",[28,6424,6425],{},[3193,6426,6429],{"href":6427,"rel":6428},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.service-public.gouv.fr\u002Fparticuliers\u002Fvosdroits\u002FF1169",[3197],"Service Public: Documents a future tenant can provide",{"title":3228,"searchDepth":3229,"depth":3229,"links":6431},[6432,6433,6434,6435,6436,6437,6438,6439,6440,6441,6442,6443,6444,6445,6446,6447,6448,6449,6450,6451,6452,6463],{"id":3401,"depth":3229,"text":3402},{"id":3645,"depth":3229,"text":3646},{"id":3747,"depth":3229,"text":3748},{"id":3925,"depth":3229,"text":3926},{"id":4109,"depth":3229,"text":4110},{"id":4242,"depth":3229,"text":4243},{"id":4379,"depth":3229,"text":4380},{"id":4551,"depth":3229,"text":4552},{"id":4676,"depth":3229,"text":4677},{"id":4843,"depth":3229,"text":4844},{"id":5035,"depth":3229,"text":5036},{"id":5174,"depth":3229,"text":5175},{"id":5325,"depth":3229,"text":5326},{"id":5473,"depth":3229,"text":5474},{"id":5598,"depth":3229,"text":5599},{"id":5707,"depth":3229,"text":5708},{"id":5860,"depth":3229,"text":5861},{"id":6033,"depth":3229,"text":6034},{"id":3050,"depth":3229,"text":3051},{"id":6199,"depth":3229,"text":6200},{"id":6295,"depth":3229,"text":6296,"children":6453},[6454,6455,6456,6457,6458,6459,6460,6461,6462],{"id":6299,"depth":3252,"text":6300},{"id":6313,"depth":3252,"text":6314},{"id":6327,"depth":3252,"text":6328},{"id":6336,"depth":3252,"text":6337},{"id":6351,"depth":3252,"text":6352},{"id":6361,"depth":3252,"text":6362},{"id":6371,"depth":3252,"text":6372},{"id":6382,"depth":3252,"text":6383},{"id":6391,"depth":3252,"text":6392},{"id":3186,"depth":3229,"text":3187},"Learn how to read a French apartment listing, including loyer, charges comprises, dépôt de garantie, surface habitable, pièces, étage, meublé and DPE.",{},"\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fhow-to-read-french-apartment-listing",{"title":3284,"description":6464},"Learn how to read French apartment listings, including loyer CC, charges, dépôt de garantie, surface habitable, pièces, étage, meublé, honoraires and DPE.","How to Read a French Apartment Listing: Loyer, Charges and DPE","how-to-read-french-apartment-listing","blog\u002Fen\u002Fhow-to-read-french-apartment-listing",[6473,6474,3277,6475,6476],"French apartment vocabulary","French rental terms","France housing","French real estate","VqrgociGEfh27b0vb3kfSPuFUEL7qzJldJ8fjWrSrmw",{"id":6479,"title":6480,"body":6481,"description":9493,"excerpt":3262,"extension":3263,"featured":3264,"locale":3265,"meta":9494,"navigation":3264,"path":9495,"publishedAt":3268,"seo":9496,"seoDescription":9497,"seoTitle":9498,"slug":9499,"stem":9500,"tags":9501,"targetLanguage":6583,"updatedAt":3268,"__hash__":9507},"blog\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fhow-to-read-german-rental-listing.md","How to Read a German Rental Listing: Kaltmiete, Warmmiete, Nebenkosten, Kaution and Wohnfläche",{"type":7,"value":6482,"toc":9457},[6483,6489,6492,6494,6554,6557,6563,6566,6569,6573,6575,6790,6805,6807,6810,6816,6825,6830,6844,6858,6875,6895,6899,6907,6973,6979,6982,6986,6991,7047,7050,7141,7147,7151,7157,7232,7239,7243,7248,7251,7309,7312,7315,7359,7368,7372,7378,7429,7434,7437,7516,7523,7527,7532,7578,7580,7616,7628,7632,7635,7721,7730,7732,7776,7779,7783,7789,7897,7906,7910,7913,7991,7993,8036,8042,8046,8049,8116,8122,8127,8131,8134,8224,8231,8235,8240,8321,8323,8375,8378,8382,8385,8460,8463,8467,8470,8565,8567,8603,8606,8610,8613,8695,8697,8733,8739,8743,8745,8889,8894,8898,8901,9080,9086,9088,9091,9173,9175,9178,9243,9245,9336,9338,9342,9347,9351,9356,9360,9365,9369,9374,9378,9383,9387,9392,9396,9404,9408,9416,9420,9425,9427],[10,6484,12,6485,6488],{},[14,6486,6487],{},"how to read a German rental listing",", the hard part is usually not one word. It is the pricing structure.",[10,6490,6491],{},"A German apartment listing can show base rent, warm rent, utilities, service charges, deposit, room count, living area, floor, move-in date, kitchen, balcony, cellar, energy certificate details, application documents and restrictions in a very compact format.",[10,6493,23],{},[25,6495,6496,6501,6506,6512,6517,6523,6529,6532,6539,6546,6551],{},[28,6497,3330,6498,34],{},[14,6499,6500],{},"Kaltmiete",[28,6502,3330,6503,34],{},[14,6504,6505],{},"Warmmiete",[28,6507,6508,6509,34],{},"What exactly is included in ",[14,6510,6511],{},"Nebenkosten",[28,6513,3330,6514,34],{},[14,6515,6516],{},"Kaution",[28,6518,3345,6519,6522],{},[14,6520,6521],{},"Zimmer"," does the apartment have?",[28,6524,6525,6526,3349],{},"How many square meters of ",[14,6527,6528],{},"Wohnfläche",[28,6530,6531],{},"Which floor is it on?",[28,6533,6534,6535,6538],{},"Is there an ",[14,6536,6537],{},"Einbauküche",", balcony, cellar or elevator?",[28,6540,6541,6542,6545],{},"Is it ",[14,6543,6544],{},"provisionsfrei",", or is an agent involved?",[28,6547,49,6548,53],{},[14,6549,6550],{},"Energieausweis",[28,6552,6553],{},"Which documents does the landlord want before a viewing?",[10,6555,6556],{},"Once you know the core German rental words, the listing becomes much easier to scan.",[10,6558,6559],{},[136,6560],{"alt":6561,"src":6562},"German rental listing guide","\u002Fblog\u002Fgerman-rental-listing-guide.svg",[10,6564,6565],{},"This guide explains the German rental listing words you are most likely to see on apartment platforms, agent pages, housing portals, shared-flat listings and private rental ads in Germany.",[10,6567,6568],{},"This article is for reading and vocabulary help. Rental contracts, deposits and housing applications can be serious, so use local tenant advice or qualified help before signing anything or sending money.",[147,6570,6572],{"id":6571},"the-most-important-german-rental-listing-words","The most important German rental listing words",[10,6574,3405],{},[155,6576,6577,6588],{},[158,6578,6579],{},[161,6580,6581,6584,6586],{},[164,6582,6583],{},"German",[164,6585,169],{},[164,6587,172],{},[174,6589,6590,6601,6612,6621,6629,6639,6649,6659,6670,6681,6692,6701,6710,6720,6729,6739,6750,6760,6770,6780],{},[161,6591,6592,6595,6598],{},[179,6593,6594],{},"Mietwohnung",[179,6596,6597],{},"Rental apartment",[179,6599,6600],{},"The apartment being offered",[161,6602,6603,6606,6609],{},[179,6604,6605],{},"Wohnung",[179,6607,6608],{},"Apartment \u002F flat",[179,6610,6611],{},"General word for apartment",[161,6613,6614,6616,6618],{},[179,6615,6521],{},[179,6617,3481],{},[179,6619,6620],{},"German listings count rooms differently than bedrooms",[161,6622,6623,6625,6627],{},[179,6624,6528],{},[179,6626,3491],{},[179,6628,3494],{},[161,6630,6631,6633,6636],{},[179,6632,6500],{},[179,6634,6635],{},"Cold rent \u002F base rent",[179,6637,6638],{},"Rent before operating costs",[161,6640,6641,6643,6646],{},[179,6642,6505],{},[179,6644,6645],{},"Warm rent \u002F total rent",[179,6647,6648],{},"Rent plus many monthly service costs",[161,6650,6651,6653,6656],{},[179,6652,6511],{},[179,6654,6655],{},"Ancillary costs \u002F service charges",[179,6657,6658],{},"Extra monthly costs beyond base rent",[161,6660,6661,6664,6667],{},[179,6662,6663],{},"Betriebskosten",[179,6665,6666],{},"Operating costs",[179,6668,6669],{},"Often used similarly to Nebenkosten",[161,6671,6672,6675,6678],{},[179,6673,6674],{},"Heizkosten",[179,6676,6677],{},"Heating costs",[179,6679,6680],{},"May be included or separate",[161,6682,6683,6686,6689],{},[179,6684,6685],{},"Strom",[179,6687,6688],{},"Electricity",[179,6690,6691],{},"Often paid separately",[161,6693,6694,6696,6698],{},[179,6695,6516],{},[179,6697,3543],{},[179,6699,6700],{},"Money held as rental security",[161,6702,6703,6706,6708],{},[179,6704,6705],{},"Etage",[179,6707,3605],{},[179,6709,3608],{},[161,6711,6712,6715,6717],{},[179,6713,6714],{},"Aufzug",[179,6716,3615],{},[179,6718,6719],{},"Important for higher floors",[161,6721,6722,6724,6726],{},[179,6723,6537],{},[179,6725,4317],{},[179,6727,6728],{},"Kitchen already installed",[161,6730,6731,6734,6736],{},[179,6732,6733],{},"Balkon",[179,6735,4901],{},[179,6737,6738],{},"Common listing feature",[161,6740,6741,6744,6747],{},[179,6742,6743],{},"Keller",[179,6745,6746],{},"Cellar \u002F basement storage",[179,6748,6749],{},"Extra storage space",[161,6751,6752,6755,6757],{},[179,6753,6754],{},"frei ab",[179,6756,5356],{},[179,6758,6759],{},"Move-in date",[161,6761,6762,6765,6767],{},[179,6763,6764],{},"ab sofort",[179,6766,5372],{},[179,6768,6769],{},"You can move in now",[161,6771,6772,6774,6777],{},[179,6773,6544],{},[179,6775,6776],{},"No agent commission",[179,6778,6779],{},"No broker fee for you",[161,6781,6782,6784,6787],{},[179,6783,6550],{},[179,6785,6786],{},"Energy performance certificate",[179,6788,6789],{},"Helps estimate energy efficiency",[10,6791,6792,6793,66,6795,66,6797,66,6799,66,6801,497,6803,500],{},"If you only remember six words, remember ",[14,6794,6500],{},[14,6796,6505],{},[14,6798,6511],{},[14,6800,6516],{},[14,6802,6528],{},[14,6804,6521],{},[147,6806,3646],{"id":3645},[10,6808,6809],{},"Do not start by translating every adjective. Read the listing like someone deciding whether the apartment is worth applying for.",[10,6811,6812],{},[136,6813],{"alt":6814,"src":6815},"German rental listing reading order","\u002Fblog\u002Fgerman-rental-listing-reading-order.svg",[10,6817,3658,6818,66,6820,497,6822,6824],{},[14,6819,6500],{},[14,6821,6511],{},[14,6823,6505],{},". The warm rent is usually closest to the monthly payment you need to budget for, but it may still not include everything.",[10,6826,3670,6827,6829],{},[14,6828,6516],{},". German law limits rental security deposits, but you still need to know the exact amount and when it is due.",[10,6831,3676,6832,66,6834,66,6836,66,6838,66,6840,497,6842,500],{},[14,6833,6528],{},[14,6835,6521],{},[14,6837,6705],{},[14,6839,6733],{},[14,6841,6743],{},[14,6843,6714],{},[10,6845,6846,6847,66,6849,66,6851,66,6854,6857],{},"Fourth, read the move-in details: ",[14,6848,6754],{},[14,6850,6764],{},[14,6852,6853],{},"Bezugsfrei",[14,6855,6856],{},"Mietbeginn"," and whether the listing is temporary.",[10,6859,6860,6861,66,6863,66,6866,66,6869,66,6872,500],{},"Fifth, check included features and restrictions: ",[14,6862,6537],{},[14,6864,6865],{},"möbliert",[14,6867,6868],{},"Haustiere",[14,6870,6871],{},"Nichtraucher",[14,6873,6874],{},"WG-geeignet",[10,6876,6877,6878,66,6880,66,6883,66,6886,66,6889,497,6892,500],{},"Sixth, read the energy and application details: ",[14,6879,6550],{},[14,6881,6882],{},"Energieeffizienzklasse",[14,6884,6885],{},"SCHUFA",[14,6887,6888],{},"Gehaltsnachweis",[14,6890,6891],{},"Selbstauskunft",[14,6893,6894],{},"Besichtigung",[147,6896,6898],{"id":6897},"kaltmiete-and-warmmiete","Kaltmiete and Warmmiete",[10,6900,6901,6902,6904,6905,500],{},"The most important difference is ",[14,6903,6500],{}," vs ",[14,6906,6505],{},[155,6908,6909,6919],{},[158,6910,6911],{},[161,6912,6913,6915,6917],{},[164,6914,6583],{},[164,6916,169],{},[164,6918,3764],{},[174,6920,6921,6930,6941,6951,6962],{},[161,6922,6923,6925,6927],{},[179,6924,6500],{},[179,6926,6635],{},[179,6928,6929],{},"The rent for the apartment itself",[161,6931,6932,6935,6938],{},[179,6933,6934],{},"Nettokaltmiete",[179,6936,6937],{},"Net cold rent",[179,6939,6940],{},"Another way to say base rent",[161,6942,6943,6945,6948],{},[179,6944,6505],{},[179,6946,6947],{},"Warm rent \u002F gross rent",[179,6949,6950],{},"Base rent plus many monthly costs",[161,6952,6953,6956,6959],{},[179,6954,6955],{},"Bruttowarmmiete",[179,6957,6958],{},"Gross warm rent",[179,6960,6961],{},"Total warm rent",[161,6963,6964,6967,6970],{},[179,6965,6966],{},"Gesamtmiete",[179,6968,6969],{},"Total rent",[179,6971,6972],{},"Often similar to warm rent, but check details",[10,6974,6975,6976,6978],{},"Handbook Germany explains that net or cold rent covers only the flat itself, while warm rent includes operating or ancillary costs such as water, rubbish collection and often heating. That makes ",[14,6977,6505],{}," the number you normally check first for monthly budgeting.",[10,6980,6981],{},"But do not stop there. A listing can still leave electricity, internet, broadcasting fee or some gas costs outside the warm rent.",[147,6983,6985],{"id":6984},"nebenkosten-and-betriebskosten","Nebenkosten and Betriebskosten",[10,6987,6988,6990],{},[14,6989,6511],{}," are the additional monthly charges connected to the building and apartment.",[155,6992,6993,7001],{},[158,6994,6995],{},[161,6996,6997,6999],{},[164,6998,6583],{},[164,7000,169],{},[174,7002,7003,7009,7015,7023,7031,7039],{},[161,7004,7005,7007],{},[179,7006,6511],{},[179,7008,6655],{},[161,7010,7011,7013],{},[179,7012,6663],{},[179,7014,6666],{},[161,7016,7017,7020],{},[179,7018,7019],{},"Nebenkostenvorauszahlung",[179,7021,7022],{},"Advance payment for ancillary costs",[161,7024,7025,7028],{},[179,7026,7027],{},"Betriebskostenvorauszahlung",[179,7029,7030],{},"Advance payment for operating costs",[161,7032,7033,7036],{},[179,7034,7035],{},"Nebenkostenpauschale",[179,7037,7038],{},"Flat monthly ancillary cost amount",[161,7040,7041,7044],{},[179,7042,7043],{},"Nebenkostenabrechnung",[179,7045,7046],{},"Annual statement of ancillary costs",[10,7048,7049],{},"Common Nebenkosten can include:",[155,7051,7052,7060],{},[158,7053,7054],{},[161,7055,7056,7058],{},[164,7057,6583],{},[164,7059,169],{},[174,7061,7062,7070,7078,7086,7094,7102,7110,7118,7126,7133],{},[161,7063,7064,7067],{},[179,7065,7066],{},"Wasser",[179,7068,7069],{},"Water",[161,7071,7072,7075],{},[179,7073,7074],{},"Abwasser",[179,7076,7077],{},"Wastewater",[161,7079,7080,7083],{},[179,7081,7082],{},"Müllabfuhr",[179,7084,7085],{},"Rubbish collection",[161,7087,7088,7091],{},[179,7089,7090],{},"Hausreinigung",[179,7092,7093],{},"Building cleaning",[161,7095,7096,7099],{},[179,7097,7098],{},"Hausmeister",[179,7100,7101],{},"Caretaker \u002F building superintendent",[161,7103,7104,7107],{},[179,7105,7106],{},"Gartenpflege",[179,7108,7109],{},"Garden maintenance",[161,7111,7112,7115],{},[179,7113,7114],{},"Allgemeinstrom",[179,7116,7117],{},"Common-area electricity",[161,7119,7120,7123],{},[179,7121,7122],{},"Gebäudeversicherung",[179,7124,7125],{},"Building insurance",[161,7127,7128,7130],{},[179,7129,6674],{},[179,7131,7132],{},"Heating costs, if included",[161,7134,7135,7138],{},[179,7136,7137],{},"Warmwasser",[179,7139,7140],{},"Hot water, if included",[10,7142,7143,7144],{},"The key question is not simply \"Are Nebenkosten listed?\" The question is: ",[14,7145,7146],{},"What is included, and what is separate?",[147,7148,7150],{"id":7149},"what-may-not-be-included-in-the-warm-rent","What may not be included in the warm rent",[10,7152,7153,7154,7156],{},"Even when a listing gives a ",[14,7155,6505],{},", some costs may still be separate.",[155,7158,7159,7170],{},[158,7160,7161],{},[161,7162,7163,7165,7167],{},[164,7164,6583],{},[164,7166,169],{},[164,7168,7169],{},"Often separate?",[174,7171,7172,7181,7191,7201,7212,7222],{},[161,7173,7174,7176,7178],{},[179,7175,6685],{},[179,7177,6688],{},[179,7179,7180],{},"Yes, often separate",[161,7182,7183,7186,7188],{},[179,7184,7185],{},"Internet",[179,7187,7185],{},[179,7189,7190],{},"Often separate",[161,7192,7193,7196,7198],{},[179,7194,7195],{},"Gas",[179,7197,7195],{},[179,7199,7200],{},"Sometimes separate",[161,7202,7203,7206,7209],{},[179,7204,7205],{},"Rundfunkbeitrag",[179,7207,7208],{},"Broadcasting fee",[179,7210,7211],{},"Usually separate",[161,7213,7214,7217,7220],{},[179,7215,7216],{},"Telefon",[179,7218,7219],{},"Phone",[179,7221,7211],{},[161,7223,7224,7227,7229],{},[179,7225,7226],{},"Stellplatz",[179,7228,4931],{},[179,7230,7231],{},"Often separate or optional",[10,7233,7234,7235,7238],{},"Handbook Germany notes that electricity and sometimes gas are not included in rent, and that telephone and internet are usually separate. So if a listing says ",[14,7236,7237],{},"Warmmiete 1.120 €",", do not assume that number is your full monthly life cost.",[147,7240,7242],{"id":7241},"kaution-security-deposit","Kaution: security deposit",[10,7244,7245,7247],{},[14,7246,6516],{}," means security deposit.",[10,7249,7250],{},"You may see:",[155,7252,7253,7261],{},[158,7254,7255],{},[161,7256,7257,7259],{},[164,7258,6583],{},[164,7260,169],{},[174,7262,7263,7269,7277,7285,7293,7301],{},[161,7264,7265,7267],{},[179,7266,6516],{},[179,7268,3543],{},[161,7270,7271,7274],{},[179,7272,7273],{},"Mietkaution",[179,7275,7276],{},"Rental deposit",[161,7278,7279,7282],{},[179,7280,7281],{},"3 Monatskaltmieten",[179,7283,7284],{},"Three months of cold rent",[161,7286,7287,7290],{},[179,7288,7289],{},"Kaution: 2.400 €",[179,7291,7292],{},"Deposit: 2,400 euros",[161,7294,7295,7298],{},[179,7296,7297],{},"kautionsfrei",[179,7299,7300],{},"No deposit",[161,7302,7303,7306],{},[179,7304,7305],{},"Bürgschaft",[179,7307,7308],{},"Guarantee \u002F guarantor arrangement",[10,7310,7311],{},"The German Civil Code section 551 limits a rental security deposit to at most three months of rent excluding operating-cost lump sums or advance payments. It also gives the tenant the right to pay a cash deposit in three equal monthly installments.",[10,7313,7314],{},"For reading a listing, this means:",[155,7316,7317,7325],{},[158,7318,7319],{},[161,7320,7321,7323],{},[164,7322,3879],{},[164,7324,3764],{},[174,7326,7327,7335,7343,7351],{},[161,7328,7329,7332],{},[179,7330,7331],{},"Kaltmiete 800 €, Kaution 2.400 €",[179,7333,7334],{},"Deposit is three months of cold rent",[161,7336,7337,7340],{},[179,7338,7339],{},"Kaution 1.600 €",[179,7341,7342],{},"Deposit is a fixed amount",[161,7344,7345,7348],{},[179,7346,7347],{},"2 MM Kaution",[179,7349,7350],{},"Two monthly rents as deposit",[161,7352,7353,7356],{},[179,7354,7355],{},"3 KM Kaution",[179,7357,7358],{},"Three cold rents as deposit",[10,7360,7361,7362,7364,7365,7367],{},"If the deposit seems to be calculated from ",[14,7363,6505],{}," instead of ",[14,7366,6500],{},", read carefully and get advice before signing.",[147,7369,7371],{"id":7370},"zimmer-rooms-not-bedrooms","Zimmer: rooms, not bedrooms",[10,7373,7374,7375,7377],{},"German listings usually count ",[14,7376,6521],{}," as main living rooms, not just bedrooms.",[155,7379,7380,7389],{},[158,7381,7382],{},[161,7383,7384,7387],{},[164,7385,7386],{},"German listing",[164,7388,4497],{},[174,7390,7391,7399,7407,7414,7421],{},[161,7392,7393,7396],{},[179,7394,7395],{},"1 Zimmer",[179,7397,7398],{},"Studio or one-room apartment",[161,7400,7401,7404],{},[179,7402,7403],{},"1,5 Zimmer",[179,7405,7406],{},"One main room plus a small half-room",[161,7408,7409,7412],{},[179,7410,7411],{},"2 Zimmer",[179,7413,3474],{},[161,7415,7416,7419],{},[179,7417,7418],{},"3 Zimmer",[179,7420,4526],{},[161,7422,7423,7426],{},[179,7424,7425],{},"4 Zimmer",[179,7427,7428],{},"Usually three bedrooms plus living room",[10,7430,7431,7432,500],{},"Kitchen, bathroom, hallway, balcony and cellar usually do not count as ",[14,7433,6521],{},[10,7435,7436],{},"Useful room words:",[155,7438,7439,7447],{},[158,7440,7441],{},[161,7442,7443,7445],{},[164,7444,6583],{},[164,7446,169],{},[174,7448,7449,7456,7463,7471,7479,7486,7493,7501,7508],{},[161,7450,7451,7454],{},[179,7452,7453],{},"Wohnzimmer",[179,7455,4428],{},[161,7457,7458,7461],{},[179,7459,7460],{},"Schlafzimmer",[179,7462,4420],{},[161,7464,7465,7468],{},[179,7466,7467],{},"Kinderzimmer",[179,7469,7470],{},"Children's room \u002F small bedroom",[161,7472,7473,7476],{},[179,7474,7475],{},"Arbeitszimmer",[179,7477,7478],{},"Study \u002F office",[161,7480,7481,7484],{},[179,7482,7483],{},"Küche",[179,7485,4443],{},[161,7487,7488,7491],{},[179,7489,7490],{},"Bad",[179,7492,5938],{},[161,7494,7495,7498],{},[179,7496,7497],{},"Gäste-WC",[179,7499,7500],{},"Guest toilet",[161,7502,7503,7506],{},[179,7504,7505],{},"Flur",[179,7507,4483],{},[161,7509,7510,7513],{},[179,7511,7512],{},"Abstellraum",[179,7514,7515],{},"Storage room",[10,7517,7518,7519,7522],{},"If a listing says ",[14,7520,7521],{},"2-Zimmer-Wohnung",", think \"two main rooms,\" not automatically \"two bedrooms.\"",[147,7524,7526],{"id":7525},"wohnfläche-and-quadratmeter","Wohnfläche and Quadratmeter",[10,7528,7529,7531],{},[14,7530,6528],{}," means living area. It is usually shown in square meters.",[155,7533,7534,7542],{},[158,7535,7536],{},[161,7537,7538,7540],{},[164,7539,6583],{},[164,7541,169],{},[174,7543,7544,7550,7557,7564,7571],{},[161,7545,7546,7548],{},[179,7547,6528],{},[179,7549,3491],{},[161,7551,7552,7555],{},[179,7553,7554],{},"Fläche",[179,7556,4578],{},[161,7558,7559,7562],{},[179,7560,7561],{},"ca.",[179,7563,4599],{},[161,7565,7566,7569],{},[179,7567,7568],{},"Quadratmeter",[179,7570,4591],{},[161,7572,7573,7576],{},[179,7574,7575],{},"m² \u002F qm",[179,7577,4591],{},[10,7579,727],{},[155,7581,7582,7590],{},[158,7583,7584],{},[161,7585,7586,7588],{},[164,7587,3879],{},[164,7589,169],{},[174,7591,7592,7600,7608],{},[161,7593,7594,7597],{},[179,7595,7596],{},"Wohnfläche: 54 m²",[179,7598,7599],{},"Living area: 54 square meters",[161,7601,7602,7605],{},[179,7603,7604],{},"ca. 68 qm",[179,7606,7607],{},"Approximately 68 square meters",[161,7609,7610,7613],{},[179,7611,7612],{},"2 Zimmer, 58 m²",[179,7614,7615],{},"Two-room apartment, 58 square meters",[10,7617,791,7618,7620,7621,7624,7625,500],{},[14,7619,7561],{}," matters. It means \"approximately,\" so ",[14,7622,7623],{},"ca. 60 m²"," is not as exact as ",[14,7626,7627],{},"60 m²",[147,7629,7631],{"id":7630},"etage-geschoss-and-floor-words","Etage, Geschoss and floor words",[10,7633,7634],{},"German floor words can look simple until you hit abbreviations.",[155,7636,7637,7645],{},[158,7638,7639],{},[161,7640,7641,7643],{},[164,7642,6583],{},[164,7644,169],{},[174,7646,7647,7653,7661,7668,7676,7684,7691,7699,7707,7713],{},[161,7648,7649,7651],{},[179,7650,6705],{},[179,7652,3605],{},[161,7654,7655,7658],{},[179,7656,7657],{},"Geschoss",[179,7659,7660],{},"Floor \u002F storey",[161,7662,7663,7666],{},[179,7664,7665],{},"EG",[179,7667,4706],{},[161,7669,7670,7673],{},[179,7671,7672],{},"1. OG",[179,7674,7675],{},"First upper floor",[161,7677,7678,7681],{},[179,7679,7680],{},"2. OG",[179,7682,7683],{},"Second upper floor",[161,7685,7686,7688],{},[179,7687,4143],{},[179,7689,7690],{},"Top floor \u002F attic floor",[161,7692,7693,7696],{},[179,7694,7695],{},"Souterrain",[179,7697,7698],{},"Basement or semi-basement level",[161,7700,7701,7704],{},[179,7702,7703],{},"Hochparterre",[179,7705,7706],{},"Raised ground floor",[161,7708,7709,7711],{},[179,7710,6714],{},[179,7712,3615],{},[161,7714,7715,7718],{},[179,7716,7717],{},"Personenaufzug",[179,7719,7720],{},"Passenger elevator",[10,7722,7723,7724,7726,7727,7729],{},"In Germany, ",[14,7725,7665],{}," is ground floor. ",[14,7728,7672],{}," is one floor above ground level.",[10,7731,727],{},[155,7733,7734,7742],{},[158,7735,7736],{},[161,7737,7738,7740],{},[164,7739,3879],{},[164,7741,169],{},[174,7743,7744,7752,7760,7768],{},[161,7745,7746,7749],{},[179,7747,7748],{},"3. OG ohne Aufzug",[179,7750,7751],{},"3rd upper floor, no elevator",[161,7753,7754,7757],{},[179,7755,7756],{},"EG mit Terrasse",[179,7758,7759],{},"Ground floor with terrace",[161,7761,7762,7765],{},[179,7763,7764],{},"DG-Wohnung",[179,7766,7767],{},"Top-floor apartment",[161,7769,7770,7773],{},[179,7771,7772],{},"Souterrainwohnung",[179,7774,7775],{},"Basement or semi-basement apartment",[10,7777,7778],{},"Floor matters for light, stairs, heat, noise and accessibility.",[147,7780,7782],{"id":7781},"einbauküche-möbliert-and-ausstattung","Einbauküche, möbliert and Ausstattung",[10,7784,7785,7788],{},[14,7786,7787],{},"Ausstattung"," means features, fittings or amenities.",[155,7790,7791,7799],{},[158,7792,7793],{},[161,7794,7795,7797],{},[164,7796,6583],{},[164,7798,169],{},[174,7800,7801,7807,7814,7820,7827,7834,7840,7847,7853,7859,7867,7875,7883,7891],{},[161,7802,7803,7805],{},[179,7804,7787],{},[179,7806,4880],{},[161,7808,7809,7812],{},[179,7810,7811],{},"Einbauküche \u002F EBK",[179,7813,4317],{},[161,7815,7816,7818],{},[179,7817,6865],{},[179,7819,3584],{},[161,7821,7822,7825],{},[179,7823,7824],{},"teilmöbliert",[179,7826,4294],{},[161,7828,7829,7832],{},[179,7830,7831],{},"unmöbliert",[179,7833,3595],{},[161,7835,7836,7838],{},[179,7837,6733],{},[179,7839,4901],{},[161,7841,7842,7845],{},[179,7843,7844],{},"Terrasse",[179,7846,4909],{},[161,7848,7849,7851],{},[179,7850,6743],{},[179,7852,4916],{},[161,7854,7855,7857],{},[179,7856,7512],{},[179,7858,7515],{},[161,7860,7861,7864],{},[179,7862,7863],{},"Waschmaschinenanschluss",[179,7865,7866],{},"Washing machine connection",[161,7868,7869,7872],{},[179,7870,7871],{},"Fußbodenheizung",[179,7873,7874],{},"Underfloor heating",[161,7876,7877,7880],{},[179,7878,7879],{},"Badewanne",[179,7881,7882],{},"Bathtub",[161,7884,7885,7888],{},[179,7886,7887],{},"Dusche",[179,7889,7890],{},"Shower",[161,7892,7893,7895],{},[179,7894,7497],{},[179,7896,7500],{},[10,7898,7899,7901,7902,7905],{},[14,7900,6537],{}," is a major word. In many countries, a kitchen is assumed. In Germany, a rental apartment may be offered without a fitted kitchen, so ",[14,7903,7904],{},"EBK"," can matter a lot.",[147,7907,7909],{"id":7908},"frei-ab-ab-sofort-and-move-in-timing","Frei ab, ab sofort and move-in timing",[10,7911,7912],{},"Move-in timing often appears near the top or bottom of the listing.",[155,7914,7915,7923],{},[158,7916,7917],{},[161,7918,7919,7921],{},[164,7920,6583],{},[164,7922,169],{},[174,7924,7925,7931,7937,7945,7952,7959,7967,7975,7983],{},[161,7926,7927,7929],{},[179,7928,6754],{},[179,7930,5356],{},[161,7932,7933,7935],{},[179,7934,6764],{},[179,7936,5372],{},[161,7938,7939,7942],{},[179,7940,7941],{},"Bezugsfrei ab",[179,7943,7944],{},"Ready to move into from",[161,7946,7947,7950],{},[179,7948,7949],{},"verfügbar ab",[179,7951,5356],{},[161,7953,7954,7956],{},[179,7955,6856],{},[179,7957,7958],{},"Start of tenancy",[161,7960,7961,7964],{},[179,7962,7963],{},"Nachmieter gesucht",[179,7965,7966],{},"New tenant wanted",[161,7968,7969,7972],{},[179,7970,7971],{},"befristet",[179,7973,7974],{},"Limited-term \u002F fixed-term",[161,7976,7977,7980],{},[179,7978,7979],{},"unbefristet",[179,7981,7982],{},"Unlimited-term",[161,7984,7985,7988],{},[179,7986,7987],{},"Zwischenmiete",[179,7989,7990],{},"Temporary sublet",[10,7992,727],{},[155,7994,7995,8003],{},[158,7996,7997],{},[161,7998,7999,8001],{},[164,8000,3879],{},[164,8002,169],{},[174,8004,8005,8013,8020,8028],{},[161,8006,8007,8010],{},[179,8008,8009],{},"frei ab 01.09.2026",[179,8011,8012],{},"Available from September 1, 2026",[161,8014,8015,8018],{},[179,8016,8017],{},"ab sofort bezugsfrei",[179,8019,5372],{},[161,8021,8022,8025],{},[179,8023,8024],{},"befristet bis 31.12.2026",[179,8026,8027],{},"Fixed-term until December 31, 2026",[161,8029,8030,8033],{},[179,8031,8032],{},"Zwischenmiete für 6 Monate",[179,8034,8035],{},"Temporary sublet for 6 months",[10,8037,8038,8039,8041],{},"If a listing is ",[14,8040,7971],{},", read carefully. A temporary place may solve a short-term problem, but it is not the same as an ordinary long-term apartment.",[147,8043,8045],{"id":8044},"provisionsfrei-makler-and-commission","Provisionsfrei, Makler and commission",[10,8047,8048],{},"Some listings mention commission or agent fees.",[155,8050,8051,8059],{},[158,8052,8053],{},[161,8054,8055,8057],{},[164,8056,6583],{},[164,8058,169],{},[174,8060,8061,8068,8076,8084,8092,8100,8108],{},[161,8062,8063,8065],{},[179,8064,6544],{},[179,8066,8067],{},"No commission",[161,8069,8070,8073],{},[179,8071,8072],{},"Provision",[179,8074,8075],{},"Commission",[161,8077,8078,8081],{},[179,8079,8080],{},"Courtage",[179,8082,8083],{},"Broker commission",[161,8085,8086,8089],{},[179,8087,8088],{},"Makler",[179,8090,8091],{},"Real estate agent \u002F broker",[161,8093,8094,8097],{},[179,8095,8096],{},"Maklergebühr",[179,8098,8099],{},"Broker fee",[161,8101,8102,8105],{},[179,8103,8104],{},"von privat",[179,8106,8107],{},"From a private landlord",[161,8109,8110,8113],{},[179,8111,8112],{},"privat",[179,8114,8115],{},"Private listing",[10,8117,8118,8121],{},[14,8119,8120],{},"Provisionsfrei"," is usually good news for you. It means no agent commission is charged to you for that listing.",[10,8123,7518,8124,8126],{},[14,8125,8104],{},", the landlord or current tenant may be posting directly rather than through an agent.",[147,8128,8130],{"id":8129},"haustiere-rauchen-and-restrictions","Haustiere, rauchen and restrictions",[10,8132,8133],{},"Listings often include conditions that are easy to skip.",[155,8135,8136,8144],{},[158,8137,8138],{},[161,8139,8140,8142],{},[164,8141,6583],{},[164,8143,169],{},[174,8145,8146,8154,8162,8170,8177,8185,8192,8200,8208,8216],{},[161,8147,8148,8151],{},[179,8149,8150],{},"Haustiere erlaubt",[179,8152,8153],{},"Pets allowed",[161,8155,8156,8159],{},[179,8157,8158],{},"Haustiere nach Vereinbarung",[179,8160,8161],{},"Pets by agreement",[161,8163,8164,8167],{},[179,8165,8166],{},"keine Haustiere",[179,8168,8169],{},"No pets",[161,8171,8172,8174],{},[179,8173,6871],{},[179,8175,8176],{},"Non-smoker",[161,8178,8179,8182],{},[179,8180,8181],{},"Rauchen nicht erwünscht",[179,8183,8184],{},"Smoking not desired",[161,8186,8187,8189],{},[179,8188,6874],{},[179,8190,8191],{},"Suitable for a shared flat",[161,8193,8194,8197],{},[179,8195,8196],{},"nicht WG-geeignet",[179,8198,8199],{},"Not suitable for a shared flat",[161,8201,8202,8205],{},[179,8203,8204],{},"nur an Berufstätige",[179,8206,8207],{},"Only for employed people",[161,8209,8210,8213],{},[179,8211,8212],{},"nur an Studierende",[179,8214,8215],{},"Only for students",[161,8217,8218,8221],{},[179,8219,8220],{},"ruhige Mieter gesucht",[179,8222,8223],{},"Quiet tenants wanted",[10,8225,8226,8227,8230],{},"Be especially careful with ",[14,8228,8229],{},"nach Vereinbarung",". It does not mean automatically allowed. It means \"by agreement.\"",[147,8232,8234],{"id":8233},"energieausweis-and-energy-words","Energieausweis and energy words",[10,8236,1729,8237,8239],{},[14,8238,6550],{}," is the energy performance certificate. It helps you understand energy efficiency and potential heating costs.",[155,8241,8242,8250],{},[158,8243,8244],{},[161,8245,8246,8248],{},[164,8247,6583],{},[164,8249,169],{},[174,8251,8252,8258,8265,8273,8281,8289,8297,8305,8313],{},[161,8253,8254,8256],{},[179,8255,6550],{},[179,8257,6786],{},[161,8259,8260,8262],{},[179,8261,6882],{},[179,8263,8264],{},"Energy efficiency class",[161,8266,8267,8270],{},[179,8268,8269],{},"Endenergiebedarf",[179,8271,8272],{},"Final energy demand",[161,8274,8275,8278],{},[179,8276,8277],{},"Endenergieverbrauch",[179,8279,8280],{},"Final energy consumption",[161,8282,8283,8286],{},[179,8284,8285],{},"Heizungsart",[179,8287,8288],{},"Type of heating",[161,8290,8291,8294],{},[179,8292,8293],{},"Energieträger",[179,8295,8296],{},"Energy source",[161,8298,8299,8302],{},[179,8300,8301],{},"Baujahr",[179,8303,8304],{},"Year built",[161,8306,8307,8310],{},[179,8308,8309],{},"Verbrauchsausweis",[179,8311,8312],{},"Consumption-based certificate",[161,8314,8315,8318],{},[179,8316,8317],{},"Bedarfsausweis",[179,8319,8320],{},"Demand-based certificate",[10,8322,7250],{},[155,8324,8325,8333],{},[158,8326,8327],{},[161,8328,8329,8331],{},[164,8330,3879],{},[164,8332,169],{},[174,8334,8335,8343,8351,8359,8367],{},[161,8336,8337,8340],{},[179,8338,8339],{},"Energieklasse C",[179,8341,8342],{},"Energy class C",[161,8344,8345,8348],{},[179,8346,8347],{},"Baujahr 1998",[179,8349,8350],{},"Built in 1998",[161,8352,8353,8356],{},[179,8354,8355],{},"Gasheizung",[179,8357,8358],{},"Gas heating",[161,8360,8361,8364],{},[179,8362,8363],{},"Fernwärme",[179,8365,8366],{},"District heating",[161,8368,8369,8372],{},[179,8370,8371],{},"Endenergieverbrauch 86 kWh\u002F(m²*a)",[179,8373,8374],{},"Energy consumption value",[10,8376,8377],{},"Energy data is not just decoration. It can affect heating costs, especially in older buildings.",[147,8379,8381],{"id":8380},"common-heating-words","Common heating words",[10,8383,8384],{},"Heating terms matter because they affect comfort and monthly cost.",[155,8386,8387,8395],{},[158,8388,8389],{},[161,8390,8391,8393],{},[164,8392,6583],{},[164,8394,169],{},[174,8396,8397,8404,8410,8418,8424,8432,8438,8446,8452],{},[161,8398,8399,8402],{},[179,8400,8401],{},"Heizung",[179,8403,4010],{},[161,8405,8406,8408],{},[179,8407,6674],{},[179,8409,6677],{},[161,8411,8412,8415],{},[179,8413,8414],{},"Zentralheizung",[179,8416,8417],{},"Central heating",[161,8419,8420,8422],{},[179,8421,8355],{},[179,8423,8358],{},[161,8425,8426,8429],{},[179,8427,8428],{},"Ölheizung",[179,8430,8431],{},"Oil heating",[161,8433,8434,8436],{},[179,8435,8363],{},[179,8437,8366],{},[161,8439,8440,8443],{},[179,8441,8442],{},"Wärmepumpe",[179,8444,8445],{},"Heat pump",[161,8447,8448,8450],{},[179,8449,7871],{},[179,8451,7874],{},[161,8453,8454,8457],{},[179,8455,8456],{},"Nachtspeicherheizung",[179,8458,8459],{},"Night storage heating",[10,8461,8462],{},"If heating costs are not included in the warm rent, ask how they are billed.",[147,8464,8466],{"id":8465},"application-documents-schufa-selbstauskunft-and-gehaltsnachweis","Application documents: SCHUFA, Selbstauskunft and Gehaltsnachweis",[10,8468,8469],{},"German rental listings often tell you what documents to bring or send.",[155,8471,8472,8480],{},[158,8473,8474],{},[161,8475,8476,8478],{},[164,8477,6583],{},[164,8479,169],{},[174,8481,8482,8490,8497,8505,8513,8520,8527,8535,8543,8551,8558],{},[161,8483,8484,8487],{},[179,8485,8486],{},"Bewerbungsunterlagen",[179,8488,8489],{},"Application documents",[161,8491,8492,8494],{},[179,8493,6891],{},[179,8495,8496],{},"Self-disclosure form",[161,8498,8499,8502],{},[179,8500,8501],{},"Mieterselbstauskunft",[179,8503,8504],{},"Tenant self-disclosure",[161,8506,8507,8510],{},[179,8508,8509],{},"SCHUFA-Auskunft",[179,8511,8512],{},"Credit report \u002F credit information",[161,8514,8515,8518],{},[179,8516,8517],{},"Einkommensnachweis",[179,8519,5660],{},[161,8521,8522,8524],{},[179,8523,6888],{},[179,8525,8526],{},"Salary proof",[161,8528,8529,8532],{},[179,8530,8531],{},"Mietschuldenfreiheitsbescheinigung",[179,8533,8534],{},"Certificate showing no rent debts",[161,8536,8537,8540],{},[179,8538,8539],{},"Personalausweis",[179,8541,8542],{},"ID card",[161,8544,8545,8548],{},[179,8546,8547],{},"Reisepass",[179,8549,8550],{},"Passport",[161,8552,8553,8556],{},[179,8554,8555],{},"Arbeitsvertrag",[179,8557,5668],{},[161,8559,8560,8562],{},[179,8561,7305],{},[179,8563,8564],{},"Guarantor statement",[10,8566,727],{},[155,8568,8569,8577],{},[158,8570,8571],{},[161,8572,8573,8575],{},[164,8574,3879],{},[164,8576,169],{},[174,8578,8579,8587,8595],{},[161,8580,8581,8584],{},[179,8582,8583],{},"Bitte SCHUFA und Gehaltsnachweise mitbringen",[179,8585,8586],{},"Please bring SCHUFA and salary proof",[161,8588,8589,8592],{},[179,8590,8591],{},"vollständige Bewerbungsunterlagen erwünscht",[179,8593,8594],{},"Complete application documents requested",[161,8596,8597,8600],{},[179,8598,8599],{},"nur mit Einkommensnachweis",[179,8601,8602],{},"Only with proof of income",[10,8604,8605],{},"Do not send sensitive documents casually to suspicious listings. Use common sense and verify the listing source.",[147,8607,8609],{"id":8608},"viewing-words-besichtigung-and-termin","Viewing words: Besichtigung and Termin",[10,8611,8612],{},"These words help you understand how to see the apartment.",[155,8614,8615,8623],{},[158,8616,8617],{},[161,8618,8619,8621],{},[164,8620,6583],{},[164,8622,169],{},[174,8624,8625,8631,8639,8647,8655,8663,8671,8679,8687],{},[161,8626,8627,8629],{},[179,8628,6894],{},[179,8630,5233],{},[161,8632,8633,8636],{},[179,8634,8635],{},"Besichtigungstermin",[179,8637,8638],{},"Viewing appointment",[161,8640,8641,8644],{},[179,8642,8643],{},"Termin",[179,8645,8646],{},"Appointment",[161,8648,8649,8652],{},[179,8650,8651],{},"Sammelbesichtigung",[179,8653,8654],{},"Group viewing",[161,8656,8657,8660],{},[179,8658,8659],{},"Einzelbesichtigung",[179,8661,8662],{},"Individual viewing",[161,8664,8665,8668],{},[179,8666,8667],{},"Anfrage",[179,8669,8670],{},"Inquiry",[161,8672,8673,8676],{},[179,8674,8675],{},"Kontaktaufnahme",[179,8677,8678],{},"Contact",[161,8680,8681,8684],{},[179,8682,8683],{},"Rückmeldung",[179,8685,8686],{},"Reply \u002F response",[161,8688,8689,8692],{},[179,8690,8691],{},"Interessenten",[179,8693,8694],{},"Interested applicants",[10,8696,727],{},[155,8698,8699,8707],{},[158,8700,8701],{},[161,8702,8703,8705],{},[164,8704,3879],{},[164,8706,169],{},[174,8708,8709,8717,8725],{},[161,8710,8711,8714],{},[179,8712,8713],{},"Besichtigung nach Vereinbarung",[179,8715,8716],{},"Viewing by arrangement",[161,8718,8719,8722],{},[179,8720,8721],{},"Sammelbesichtigung am Samstag",[179,8723,8724],{},"Group viewing on Saturday",[161,8726,8727,8730],{},[179,8728,8729],{},"Bitte kurze Vorstellung senden",[179,8731,8732],{},"Please send a short introduction",[10,8734,7518,8735,8738],{},[14,8736,8737],{},"kurze Vorstellung",", write a short, polite note about who you are, why you are moving and what documents you can provide.",[147,8740,8742],{"id":8741},"example-german-rental-listing","Example German rental listing",[10,8744,5711],{},[155,8746,8747,8757],{},[158,8748,8749],{},[161,8750,8751,8753,8755],{},[164,8752,5720],{},[164,8754,3879],{},[164,8756,169],{},[174,8758,8759,8770,8780,8790,8799,8809,8819,8829,8839,8849,8859,8869,8880],{},[161,8760,8761,8764,8767],{},[179,8762,8763],{},"Titel",[179,8765,8766],{},"Helle 2-Zimmer-Wohnung mit Balkon",[179,8768,8769],{},"Bright two-room apartment with balcony",[161,8771,8772,8775,8778],{},[179,8773,8774],{},"Ort",[179,8776,8777],{},"Berlin-Neukölln",[179,8779,8777],{},[161,8781,8782,8784,8787],{},[179,8783,6528],{},[179,8785,8786],{},"58 m²",[179,8788,8789],{},"58 square meters",[161,8791,8792,8794,8797],{},[179,8793,6521],{},[179,8795,8796],{},"2",[179,8798,4534],{},[161,8800,8801,8803,8806],{},[179,8802,6705],{},[179,8804,8805],{},"3. OG",[179,8807,8808],{},"Third upper floor",[161,8810,8811,8813,8816],{},[179,8812,6500],{},[179,8814,8815],{},"890 €",[179,8817,8818],{},"Base rent 890 euros",[161,8820,8821,8823,8826],{},[179,8822,6511],{},[179,8824,8825],{},"180 €",[179,8827,8828],{},"Service charges 180 euros",[161,8830,8831,8833,8836],{},[179,8832,6505],{},[179,8834,8835],{},"1.070 €",[179,8837,8838],{},"Warm rent 1,070 euros",[161,8840,8841,8843,8846],{},[179,8842,6516],{},[179,8844,8845],{},"2.670 €",[179,8847,8848],{},"Deposit 2,670 euros",[161,8850,8851,8853,8856],{},[179,8852,7787],{},[179,8854,8855],{},"EBK, Balkon, Keller",[179,8857,8858],{},"Fitted kitchen, balcony, cellar",[161,8860,8861,8864,8867],{},[179,8862,8863],{},"Verfügbar",[179,8865,8866],{},"ab 01.09.2026",[179,8868,8012],{},[161,8870,8871,8874,8877],{},[179,8872,8873],{},"Energie",[179,8875,8876],{},"Klasse C, Gasheizung",[179,8878,8879],{},"Energy class C, gas heating",[161,8881,8882,8885,8887],{},[179,8883,8884],{},"Sonstiges",[179,8886,6544],{},[179,8888,8067],{},[10,8890,5854,8891],{},[14,8892,8893],{},"890 € cold rent, 1,070 € warm rent, 2,670 € deposit, 58 m², two rooms, available September 1.",[147,8895,8897],{"id":8896},"common-rental-listing-abbreviations","Common rental listing abbreviations",[10,8899,8900],{},"German listings love abbreviations.",[155,8902,8903,8913],{},[158,8904,8905],{},[161,8906,8907,8909,8911],{},[164,8908,2508],{},[164,8910,5875],{},[164,8912,169],{},[174,8914,8915,8925,8935,8945,8954,8964,8973,8982,8990,8998,9009,9018,9027,9038,9047,9058,9069],{},[161,8916,8917,8920,8922],{},[179,8918,8919],{},"KM",[179,8921,6500],{},[179,8923,8924],{},"Cold rent",[161,8926,8927,8930,8932],{},[179,8928,8929],{},"WM",[179,8931,6505],{},[179,8933,8934],{},"Warm rent",[161,8936,8937,8940,8942],{},[179,8938,8939],{},"NK",[179,8941,6511],{},[179,8943,8944],{},"Ancillary costs",[161,8946,8947,8950,8952],{},[179,8948,8949],{},"HK",[179,8951,6674],{},[179,8953,6677],{},[161,8955,8956,8959,8961],{},[179,8957,8958],{},"KT",[179,8960,6516],{},[179,8962,8963],{},"Deposit",[161,8965,8966,8969,8971],{},[179,8967,8968],{},"Zi.",[179,8970,6521],{},[179,8972,3481],{},[161,8974,8975,8978,8980],{},[179,8976,8977],{},"Whg.",[179,8979,6605],{},[179,8981,3438],{},[161,8983,8984,8986,8988],{},[179,8985,7575],{},[179,8987,7568],{},[179,8989,4591],{},[161,8991,8992,8994,8996],{},[179,8993,7904],{},[179,8995,6537],{},[179,8997,4317],{},[161,8999,9000,9003,9006],{},[179,9001,9002],{},"OG",[179,9004,9005],{},"Obergeschoss",[179,9007,9008],{},"Upper floor",[161,9010,9011,9013,9016],{},[179,9012,7665],{},[179,9014,9015],{},"Erdgeschoss",[179,9017,4706],{},[161,9019,9020,9022,9025],{},[179,9021,4143],{},[179,9023,9024],{},"Dachgeschoss",[179,9026,7690],{},[161,9028,9029,9032,9035],{},[179,9030,9031],{},"TG",[179,9033,9034],{},"Tiefgarage",[179,9036,9037],{},"Underground garage",[161,9039,9040,9043,9045],{},[179,9041,9042],{},"Stellpl.",[179,9044,7226],{},[179,9046,4931],{},[161,9048,9049,9052,9055],{},[179,9050,9051],{},"zzgl.",[179,9053,9054],{},"zuzüglich",[179,9056,9057],{},"Plus \u002F in addition",[161,9059,9060,9063,9066],{},[179,9061,9062],{},"inkl.",[179,9064,9065],{},"inklusive",[179,9067,9068],{},"Including",[161,9070,9071,9074,9077],{},[179,9072,9073],{},"VB",[179,9075,9076],{},"Verhandlungsbasis",[179,9078,9079],{},"Negotiable basis",[10,9081,5319,9082,9085],{},[14,9083,9084],{},"zzgl. NK",", it means ancillary costs come in addition to the listed rent.",[147,9087,6034],{"id":6033},[10,9089,9090],{},"Here are the mistakes that make German rental listings harder than they need to be.",[155,9092,9093,9101],{},[158,9094,9095],{},[161,9096,9097,9099],{},[164,9098,2960],{},[164,9100,6048],{},[174,9102,9103,9111,9119,9127,9135,9143,9151,9159,9165],{},[161,9104,9105,9108],{},[179,9106,9107],{},"Looking only at Kaltmiete",[179,9109,9110],{},"Check Warmmiete and separate costs",[161,9112,9113,9116],{},[179,9114,9115],{},"Assuming Warmmiete includes everything",[179,9117,9118],{},"Ask about electricity, internet, gas and broadcasting fee",[161,9120,9121,9124],{},[179,9122,9123],{},"Reading Zimmer as bedrooms",[179,9125,9126],{},"Count Zimmer as main rooms",[161,9128,9129,9132],{},[179,9130,9131],{},"Ignoring ca. before square meters",[179,9133,9134],{},"Remember it means approximately",[161,9136,9137,9140],{},[179,9138,9139],{},"Skipping the floor",[179,9141,9142],{},"4. OG ohne Aufzug can change daily life",[161,9144,9145,9148],{},[179,9146,9147],{},"Missing befristet",[179,9149,9150],{},"Fixed-term housing may not be long-term",[161,9152,9153,9156],{},[179,9154,9155],{},"Ignoring Energieausweis",[179,9157,9158],{},"Energy efficiency can affect heating costs",[161,9160,9161,9163],{},[179,9162,6111],{},[179,9164,6114],{},[161,9166,9167,9170],{},[179,9168,9169],{},"Confusing Nebenkostenpauschale and Vorauszahlung",[179,9171,9172],{},"Flat-rate and advance-payment structures are different",[147,9174,3051],{"id":3050},[10,9176,9177],{},"When you look at a German rental listing, scan in this order:",[2784,9179,9180,9185,9190,9196,9200,9204,9209,9214,9220,9226,9231,9237],{},[28,9181,9182,9184],{},[14,9183,6500],{},": base rent",[28,9186,9187,9189],{},[14,9188,6511],{},": monthly service charges",[28,9191,9192,9195],{},[14,9193,9194],{},"Warmmiete \u002F Gesamtmiete",": total monthly rent shown",[28,9197,9198,6150],{},[14,9199,6516],{},[28,9201,9202,6160],{},[14,9203,6528],{},[28,9205,9206,9208],{},[14,9207,6521],{},": number of main rooms",[28,9210,9211,6172],{},[14,9212,9213],{},"Etage \u002F Aufzug",[28,9215,9216,9219],{},[14,9217,9218],{},"frei ab \u002F ab sofort",": move-in date",[28,9221,9222,9225],{},[14,9223,9224],{},"Einbauküche \u002F Balkon \u002F Keller",": practical features",[28,9227,9228,9230],{},[14,9229,6550],{},": energy details",[28,9232,9233,9236],{},[14,9234,9235],{},"provisionsfrei \u002F Makler",": commission situation",[28,9238,9239,9242],{},[14,9240,9241],{},"SCHUFA \u002F Gehaltsnachweis",": application documents",[147,9244,6200],{"id":6199},[155,9246,9247,9255],{},[158,9248,9249],{},[161,9250,9251,9253],{},[164,9252,6583],{},[164,9254,169],{},[174,9256,9257,9264,9272,9280,9288,9296,9304,9312,9320,9328],{},[161,9258,9259,9262],{},[179,9260,9261],{},"Ist die Wohnung noch verfügbar?",[179,9263,6220],{},[161,9265,9266,9269],{},[179,9267,9268],{},"Ich interessiere mich für die Wohnung.",[179,9270,9271],{},"I am interested in the apartment.",[161,9273,9274,9277],{},[179,9275,9276],{},"Wann ist eine Besichtigung möglich?",[179,9278,9279],{},"When is a viewing possible?",[161,9281,9282,9285],{},[179,9283,9284],{},"Ab wann ist die Wohnung frei?",[179,9286,9287],{},"From when is the apartment available?",[161,9289,9290,9293],{},[179,9291,9292],{},"Sind die Heizkosten in der Warmmiete enthalten?",[179,9294,9295],{},"Are heating costs included in the warm rent?",[161,9297,9298,9301],{},[179,9299,9300],{},"Ist Strom in den Nebenkosten enthalten?",[179,9302,9303],{},"Is electricity included in the ancillary costs?",[161,9305,9306,9309],{},[179,9307,9308],{},"Gibt es eine Einbauküche?",[179,9310,9311],{},"Is there a fitted kitchen?",[161,9313,9314,9317],{},[179,9315,9316],{},"Sind Haustiere erlaubt?",[179,9318,9319],{},"Are pets allowed?",[161,9321,9322,9325],{},[179,9323,9324],{},"Welche Unterlagen benötigen Sie?",[179,9326,9327],{},"Which documents do you need?",[161,9329,9330,9333],{},[179,9331,9332],{},"Ich kann SCHUFA und Gehaltsnachweise vorlegen.",[179,9334,9335],{},"I can provide SCHUFA and salary proof.",[147,9337,6296],{"id":6295},[3100,9339,9341],{"id":9340},"what-does-kaltmiete-mean","What does Kaltmiete mean?",[10,9343,9344,9346],{},[14,9345,6500],{}," means cold rent or base rent. It is the rent for the apartment itself before many additional monthly costs.",[3100,9348,9350],{"id":9349},"what-does-warmmiete-mean","What does Warmmiete mean?",[10,9352,9353,9355],{},[14,9354,6505],{}," means warm rent. It usually includes the cold rent plus many operating or ancillary costs, but it may still not include electricity, internet or some gas costs.",[3100,9357,9359],{"id":9358},"what-are-nebenkosten","What are Nebenkosten?",[10,9361,9362,9364],{},[14,9363,6511],{}," are additional monthly costs such as water, rubbish collection, building cleaning, caretaker costs, common-area electricity and sometimes heating or hot water.",[3100,9366,9368],{"id":9367},"what-does-kaution-mean","What does Kaution mean?",[10,9370,9371,9373],{},[14,9372,6516],{}," means security deposit. In ordinary German residential rental contexts, the deposit is limited by law and is connected to the monthly rent excluding operating-cost payments.",[3100,9375,9377],{"id":9376},"what-does-2-zimmer-mean-in-a-german-listing","What does 2 Zimmer mean in a German listing?",[10,9379,9380,9382],{},[14,9381,7411],{}," usually means two main rooms, often one bedroom plus one living room. It does not mean two bedrooms.",[3100,9384,9386],{"id":9385},"what-does-provisionsfrei-mean","What does provisionsfrei mean?",[10,9388,9389,9391],{},[14,9390,8120],{}," means no broker commission is charged to you for that listing.",[3100,9393,9395],{"id":9394},"what-does-einbauküche-mean","What does Einbauküche mean?",[10,9397,9398,9400,9401,9403],{},[14,9399,6537],{},", often abbreviated ",[14,9402,7904],{},", means fitted kitchen. This matters because German rental apartments are sometimes offered without an installed kitchen.",[3100,9405,9407],{"id":9406},"what-does-frei-ab-mean","What does frei ab mean?",[10,9409,9410,9412,9413,9415],{},[14,9411,6754],{}," means available from. For example, ",[14,9414,8009],{}," means available from September 1, 2026.",[3100,9417,9419],{"id":9418},"what-does-energieausweis-mean","What does Energieausweis mean?",[10,9421,9422,9424],{},[14,9423,6550],{}," means energy performance certificate. It gives information about the building's energy efficiency, energy source, year built and related energy figures.",[147,9426,3187],{"id":3186},[25,9428,9429,9436,9443,9450],{},[28,9430,9431],{},[3193,9432,9435],{"href":9433,"rel":9434},"https:\u002F\u002Fhandbookgermany.de\u002Fen\u002Frenting-an-apartment",[3197],"Handbook Germany: Renting a flat",[28,9437,9438],{},[3193,9439,9442],{"href":9440,"rel":9441},"https:\u002F\u002Fhandbookgermany.de\u002Fen\u002Frental-contract",[3197],"Handbook Germany: Rental contract",[28,9444,9445],{},[3193,9446,9449],{"href":9447,"rel":9448},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.gesetze-im-internet.de\u002Fenglisch_bgb\u002Fenglisch_bgb.html",[3197],"German Civil Code: Section 551, rent security deposits",[28,9451,9452],{},[3193,9453,9456],{"href":9454,"rel":9455},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.energyausweis.de\u002Fblog\u002Fenergieausweis-pflicht-in-deutschland-was-sie-wann-tun-muessen-und-was-es-kostet-wenn-sie-es-nicht-tun\u002Fen",[3197],"Energieausweis.de guide to energy certificate requirements",{"title":3228,"searchDepth":3229,"depth":3229,"links":9458},[9459,9460,9461,9462,9463,9464,9465,9466,9467,9468,9469,9470,9471,9472,9473,9474,9475,9476,9477,9478,9479,9480,9481,9492],{"id":6571,"depth":3229,"text":6572},{"id":3645,"depth":3229,"text":3646},{"id":6897,"depth":3229,"text":6898},{"id":6984,"depth":3229,"text":6985},{"id":7149,"depth":3229,"text":7150},{"id":7241,"depth":3229,"text":7242},{"id":7370,"depth":3229,"text":7371},{"id":7525,"depth":3229,"text":7526},{"id":7630,"depth":3229,"text":7631},{"id":7781,"depth":3229,"text":7782},{"id":7908,"depth":3229,"text":7909},{"id":8044,"depth":3229,"text":8045},{"id":8129,"depth":3229,"text":8130},{"id":8233,"depth":3229,"text":8234},{"id":8380,"depth":3229,"text":8381},{"id":8465,"depth":3229,"text":8466},{"id":8608,"depth":3229,"text":8609},{"id":8741,"depth":3229,"text":8742},{"id":8896,"depth":3229,"text":8897},{"id":6033,"depth":3229,"text":6034},{"id":3050,"depth":3229,"text":3051},{"id":6199,"depth":3229,"text":6200},{"id":6295,"depth":3229,"text":6296,"children":9482},[9483,9484,9485,9486,9487,9488,9489,9490,9491],{"id":9340,"depth":3252,"text":9341},{"id":9349,"depth":3252,"text":9350},{"id":9358,"depth":3252,"text":9359},{"id":9367,"depth":3252,"text":9368},{"id":9376,"depth":3252,"text":9377},{"id":9385,"depth":3252,"text":9386},{"id":9394,"depth":3252,"text":9395},{"id":9406,"depth":3252,"text":9407},{"id":9418,"depth":3252,"text":9419},{"id":3186,"depth":3229,"text":3187},"Learn how to read a German rental listing, including Kaltmiete, Warmmiete, Nebenkosten, Kaution, Wohnfläche, Zimmer, Etage, Einbauküche and Energieausweis.",{},"\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fhow-to-read-german-rental-listing",{"title":6480,"description":9493},"Learn how to read German apartment listings, including Kaltmiete, Warmmiete, Nebenkosten, Kaution, Wohnfläche, Zimmer, Etage, provisionsfrei and Energieausweis.","How to Read a German Rental Listing: Kaltmiete and Warmmiete","how-to-read-german-rental-listing","blog\u002Fen\u002Fhow-to-read-german-rental-listing",[9502,9503,9504,9505,9506],"German rental vocabulary","German apartment listings","German reading practice","Germany housing","German real estate","FoevwmO3WCeQ5NTe_c2AJ9fZIRfHmFOcE93I7fnIq-U",{"id":9509,"title":9510,"body":9511,"description":12146,"excerpt":3262,"extension":3263,"featured":3264,"locale":3265,"meta":12147,"navigation":3264,"path":12148,"publishedAt":3268,"seo":12149,"seoDescription":12150,"seoTitle":12151,"slug":12152,"stem":12153,"tags":12154,"targetLanguage":9583,"updatedAt":3268,"__hash__":12160},"blog\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fhow-to-read-japanese-convenience-store-receipt.md","How to Read a Japanese Convenience Store Receipt: 合計, 小計, 税込, 軽減税率 and レシート",{"type":7,"value":9512,"toc":12113},[9513,9519,9522,9524,9553,9556,9562,9565,9568,9572,9575,9913,9927,9931,9934,9940,9948,9951,9962,9978,9994,10012,10016,10019,10072,10080,10083,10127,10131,10138,10203,10209,10246,10256,10260,10263,10327,10332,10335,10371,10374,10378,10381,10384,10445,10448,10451,10518,10531,10533,10538,10541,10576,10578,10627,10630,10633,10669,10673,10676,10729,10731,10765,10776,10780,10783,10897,10900,10906,10910,10913,10979,10982,11018,11031,11035,11038,11123,11125,11167,11174,11178,11181,11289,11292,11296,11306,11356,11359,11365,11369,11372,11462,11465,11471,11475,11478,11655,11666,11670,11673,11774,11780,11784,11787,11855,11857,11860,11918,11922,11994,11996,12000,12005,12009,12014,12018,12023,12027,12030,12034,12039,12043,12051,12055,12063,12067,12072,12076,12081,12083],[10,9514,12,9515,9518],{},[14,9516,9517],{},"how to read a Japanese convenience store receipt",", the first problem is usually not the Japanese itself. It is the density.",[10,9520,9521],{},"A small receipt from 7-Eleven, Lawson, FamilyMart, Ministop, Daily Yamazaki or another Japanese convenience store can include item names, discounts, subtotal, total, consumption tax, reduced tax rate notes, payment method, cash received, change, points, store details and an invoice registration number.",[10,9523,23],{},[25,9525,9526,9529,9532,9535,9538,9541,9544,9547,9550],{},[28,9527,9528],{},"What did I buy?",[28,9530,9531],{},"What was the subtotal?",[28,9533,9534],{},"What was the final total?",[28,9536,9537],{},"Was tax included?",[28,9539,9540],{},"Did any items use the 8% reduced tax rate?",[28,9542,9543],{},"How did I pay?",[28,9545,9546],{},"Did I receive change?",[28,9548,9549],{},"Did points, coupons or discounts change the price?",[28,9551,9552],{},"Is this a normal receipt, tax-free record or qualified invoice-style receipt?",[10,9554,9555],{},"Once you know the main receipt words, the page stops looking like a wall of tiny text.",[10,9557,9558],{},[136,9559],{"alt":9560,"src":9561},"Japanese convenience store receipt guide","\u002Fblog\u002Fjapanese-convenience-store-receipt-guide.svg",[10,9563,9564],{},"This guide explains the Japanese receipt words you are most likely to see on convenience store receipts, supermarket receipts, drugstore receipts, coffee shop receipts, kiosk receipts and other everyday shopping receipts in Japan.",[10,9566,9567],{},"This article is for reading and vocabulary help. If you need a receipt for business accounting, tax filing or reimbursement, check the official requirements for your situation.",[147,9569,9571],{"id":9570},"the-most-important-japanese-receipt-words","The most important Japanese receipt words",[10,9573,9574],{},"Start with these words. They appear again and again.",[155,9576,9577,9591],{},[158,9578,9579],{},[161,9580,9581,9584,9587,9589],{},[164,9582,9583],{},"Japanese",[164,9585,9586],{},"Reading",[164,9588,169],{},[164,9590,172],{},[174,9592,9593,9607,9621,9635,9649,9663,9677,9691,9704,9718,9732,9746,9760,9774,9788,9802,9816,9830,9844,9858,9872,9885,9899],{},[161,9594,9595,9598,9601,9604],{},[179,9596,9597],{},"レシート",[179,9599,9600],{},"reshiito",[179,9602,9603],{},"Receipt",[179,9605,9606],{},"Everyday word for receipt",[161,9608,9609,9612,9615,9618],{},[179,9610,9611],{},"領収書",[179,9613,9614],{},"りょうしゅうしょ \u002F ryoshuusho",[179,9616,9617],{},"Formal receipt",[179,9619,9620],{},"Often requested for business expense records",[161,9622,9623,9626,9629,9632],{},[179,9624,9625],{},"店舗",[179,9627,9628],{},"てんぽ \u002F tenpo",[179,9630,9631],{},"Store \u002F branch",[179,9633,9634],{},"Shows which store issued the receipt",[161,9636,9637,9640,9643,9646],{},[179,9638,9639],{},"日時",[179,9641,9642],{},"にちじ \u002F nichiji",[179,9644,9645],{},"Date and time",[179,9647,9648],{},"When the purchase happened",[161,9650,9651,9654,9657,9660],{},[179,9652,9653],{},"商品",[179,9655,9656],{},"しょうひん \u002F shohin",[179,9658,9659],{},"Item \u002F product",[179,9661,9662],{},"The thing you bought",[161,9664,9665,9668,9671,9674],{},[179,9666,9667],{},"点数",[179,9669,9670],{},"てんすう \u002F tensu",[179,9672,9673],{},"Number of items",[179,9675,9676],{},"Count of purchased items",[161,9678,9679,9682,9685,9688],{},[179,9680,9681],{},"単価",[179,9683,9684],{},"たんか \u002F tanka",[179,9686,9687],{},"Unit price",[179,9689,9690],{},"Price per item",[161,9692,9693,9696,9699,9701],{},[179,9694,9695],{},"数量",[179,9697,9698],{},"すうりょう \u002F suryo",[179,9700,2603],{},[179,9702,9703],{},"How many of that item",[161,9705,9706,9709,9712,9715],{},[179,9707,9708],{},"小計",[179,9710,9711],{},"しょうけい \u002F shokei",[179,9713,9714],{},"Subtotal",[179,9716,9717],{},"Total before final adjustments",[161,9719,9720,9723,9726,9729],{},[179,9721,9722],{},"合計",[179,9724,9725],{},"ごうけい \u002F gokei",[179,9727,9728],{},"Total",[179,9730,9731],{},"Final amount due",[161,9733,9734,9737,9740,9743],{},[179,9735,9736],{},"税込",[179,9738,9739],{},"ぜいこみ \u002F zeikomi",[179,9741,9742],{},"Tax included",[179,9744,9745],{},"Price includes consumption tax",[161,9747,9748,9751,9754,9757],{},[179,9749,9750],{},"税抜",[179,9752,9753],{},"ぜいぬき \u002F zeinuki",[179,9755,9756],{},"Before tax",[179,9758,9759],{},"Price does not include tax",[161,9761,9762,9765,9768,9771],{},[179,9763,9764],{},"消費税",[179,9766,9767],{},"しょうひぜい \u002F shohizei",[179,9769,9770],{},"Consumption tax",[179,9772,9773],{},"Japan's sales\u002FVAT-style tax",[161,9775,9776,9779,9782,9785],{},[179,9777,9778],{},"軽減税率",[179,9780,9781],{},"けいげんぜいりつ \u002F keigen zeiritsu",[179,9783,9784],{},"Reduced tax rate",[179,9786,9787],{},"Usually marks 8% eligible food\u002Fdrink",[161,9789,9790,9793,9796,9799],{},[179,9791,9792],{},"対象",[179,9794,9795],{},"たいしょう \u002F taisho",[179,9797,9798],{},"Subject to \u002F eligible",[179,9800,9801],{},"Shows what a tax or discount applies to",[161,9803,9804,9807,9810,9813],{},[179,9805,9806],{},"値引",[179,9808,9809],{},"ねびき \u002F nebiki",[179,9811,9812],{},"Discount",[179,9814,9815],{},"Price reduction",[161,9817,9818,9821,9824,9827],{},[179,9819,9820],{},"クーポン",[179,9822,9823],{},"kupon",[179,9825,9826],{},"Coupon",[179,9828,9829],{},"Coupon discount",[161,9831,9832,9835,9838,9841],{},[179,9833,9834],{},"お預り",[179,9836,9837],{},"おあずかり \u002F oazukari",[179,9839,9840],{},"Amount received",[179,9842,9843],{},"Cash the cashier received",[161,9845,9846,9849,9852,9855],{},[179,9847,9848],{},"お釣り",[179,9850,9851],{},"おつり \u002F otsuri",[179,9853,9854],{},"Change",[179,9856,9857],{},"Money returned to you",[161,9859,9860,9863,9866,9869],{},[179,9861,9862],{},"現金",[179,9864,9865],{},"げんきん \u002F genkin",[179,9867,9868],{},"Cash",[179,9870,9871],{},"Payment method",[161,9873,9874,9877,9880,9883],{},[179,9875,9876],{},"クレジット",[179,9878,9879],{},"kurejitto",[179,9881,9882],{},"Credit card",[179,9884,9871],{},[161,9886,9887,9890,9893,9896],{},[179,9888,9889],{},"電子マネー",[179,9891,9892],{},"でんしマネー \u002F denshi manee",[179,9894,9895],{},"Electronic money",[179,9897,9898],{},"Suica, PASMO, iD, QUICPay and similar payments",[161,9900,9901,9904,9907,9910],{},[179,9902,9903],{},"ポイント",[179,9905,9906],{},"pointo",[179,9908,9909],{},"Points",[179,9911,9912],{},"Loyalty points earned or used",[10,9914,485,9915,66,9917,66,9919,66,9921,66,9923,497,9925,500],{},[14,9916,9708],{},[14,9918,9722],{},[14,9920,9736],{},[14,9922,9764],{},[14,9924,9834],{},[14,9926,9848],{},[147,9928,9930],{"id":9929},"read-the-receipt-in-this-order","Read the receipt in this order",[10,9932,9933],{},"Do not start by translating every product name. Read the receipt like a person checking whether the charge is right.",[10,9935,9936],{},[136,9937],{"alt":9938,"src":9939},"Japanese convenience store receipt reading order","\u002Fblog\u002Fjapanese-convenience-store-receipt-reading-order.svg",[10,9941,9942,9943,66,9945,9947],{},"First, check the store and date. Look for the store name, ",[14,9944,9625],{},[14,9946,9639],{}," or a timestamp near the top.",[10,9949,9950],{},"Second, scan the item lines. Japanese convenience store receipts usually list the product name first, then the price.",[10,9952,9953,9954,497,9956,9958,9959,9961],{},"Third, find ",[14,9955,9708],{},[14,9957,9722],{},". The final number next to ",[14,9960,9722],{}," is the amount you paid or owed.",[10,9963,9964,9965,66,9967,66,9969,66,9972,66,9975,9977],{},"Fourth, check the tax section. Look for ",[14,9966,9736],{},[14,9968,9764],{},[14,9970,9971],{},"8%",[14,9973,9974],{},"10%",[14,9976,9778],{}," or an asterisk next to some items.",[10,9979,9980,9981,66,9983,66,9985,66,9987,66,9990,497,9992,500],{},"Fifth, read the payment lines. Look for ",[14,9982,9862],{},[14,9984,9876],{},[14,9986,9889],{},[14,9988,9989],{},"バーコード決済",[14,9991,9834],{},[14,9993,9848],{},[10,9995,9996,9997,66,9999,66,10002,66,10005,66,10007,73,10010,500],{},"Sixth, check points, coupons or campaign lines. These may use ",[14,9998,9903],{},[14,10000,10001],{},"利用",[14,10003,10004],{},"付与",[14,10006,9806],{},[14,10008,10009],{},"割引",[14,10011,9820],{},[147,10013,10015],{"id":10014},"レシート-and-領収書","レシート and 領収書",[10,10017,10018],{},"Two common words can both connect to \"receipt,\" but they do not feel exactly the same.",[155,10020,10021,10034],{},[158,10022,10023],{},[161,10024,10025,10027,10029,10031],{},[164,10026,9583],{},[164,10028,9586],{},[164,10030,169],{},[164,10032,10033],{},"Where you see it",[174,10035,10036,10047,10059],{},[161,10037,10038,10040,10042,10044],{},[179,10039,9597],{},[179,10041,9600],{},[179,10043,9603],{},[179,10045,10046],{},"Normal store receipt after purchase",[161,10048,10049,10051,10054,10056],{},[179,10050,9611],{},[179,10052,10053],{},"ryoshuusho",[179,10055,9617],{},[179,10057,10058],{},"Business expense or reimbursement context",[161,10060,10061,10064,10066,10069],{},[179,10062,10063],{},"領収証",[179,10065,10053],{},[179,10067,10068],{},"Receipt certificate",[179,10070,10071],{},"Another formal spelling you may see",[10,10073,10074,10075,10077,10078,500],{},"At a convenience store, the cashier usually gives you a ",[14,10076,9597],{}," automatically or asks if you need it. If you need a formal receipt for work, you may ask for ",[14,10079,9611],{},[10,10081,10082],{},"Useful phrases:",[155,10084,10085,10093],{},[158,10086,10087],{},[161,10088,10089,10091],{},[164,10090,9583],{},[164,10092,169],{},[174,10094,10095,10103,10111,10119],{},[161,10096,10097,10100],{},[179,10098,10099],{},"レシートをください。",[179,10101,10102],{},"Please give me the receipt.",[161,10104,10105,10108],{},[179,10106,10107],{},"領収書をお願いします。",[179,10109,10110],{},"A formal receipt, please.",[161,10112,10113,10116],{},[179,10114,10115],{},"宛名は空欄でお願いします。",[179,10117,10118],{},"Please leave the recipient name blank.",[161,10120,10121,10124],{},[179,10122,10123],{},"宛名は会社名でお願いします。",[179,10125,10126],{},"Please put the company name as the recipient.",[147,10128,10130],{"id":10129},"小計-and-合計","小計 and 合計",[10,10132,10133,10134,497,10136,500],{},"The most useful money words are ",[14,10135,9708],{},[14,10137,9722],{},[155,10139,10140,10150],{},[158,10141,10142],{},[161,10143,10144,10146,10148],{},[164,10145,9583],{},[164,10147,9586],{},[164,10149,169],{},[174,10151,10152,10161,10170,10181,10192],{},[161,10153,10154,10156,10159],{},[179,10155,9708],{},[179,10157,10158],{},"shokei",[179,10160,9714],{},[161,10162,10163,10165,10168],{},[179,10164,9722],{},[179,10166,10167],{},"gokei",[179,10169,9728],{},[161,10171,10172,10175,10178],{},[179,10173,10174],{},"お買上げ合計",[179,10176,10177],{},"okaige gokei",[179,10179,10180],{},"Purchase total",[161,10182,10183,10186,10189],{},[179,10184,10185],{},"税込合計",[179,10187,10188],{},"zeikomi gokei",[179,10190,10191],{},"Tax-included total",[161,10193,10194,10197,10200],{},[179,10195,10196],{},"請求金額",[179,10198,10199],{},"seikyu kingaku",[179,10201,10202],{},"Amount charged",[10,10204,10205,10206,10208],{},"On a short convenience store receipt, ",[14,10207,9722],{}," is usually the number you care about first. If the receipt says:",[155,10210,10211,10220],{},[158,10212,10213],{},[161,10214,10215,10218],{},[164,10216,10217],{},"Receipt says",[164,10219,169],{},[174,10221,10222,10230,10238],{},[161,10223,10224,10227],{},[179,10225,10226],{},"小計 ¥1,046",[179,10228,10229],{},"Subtotal 1,046 yen",[161,10231,10232,10235],{},[179,10233,10234],{},"合計 ¥1,046",[179,10236,10237],{},"Total 1,046 yen",[161,10239,10240,10243],{},[179,10241,10242],{},"税込合計 ¥1,046",[179,10244,10245],{},"Tax-included total 1,046 yen",[10,10247,10248,10249,10252,10253,500],{},"Japanese receipts often use the yen symbol ",[14,10250,10251],{},"¥",", but they may also use ",[14,10254,10255],{},"円",[147,10257,10259],{"id":10258},"税込-税抜-and-消費税","税込, 税抜 and 消費税",[10,10261,10262],{},"Three tax words appear constantly.",[155,10264,10265,10275],{},[158,10266,10267],{},[161,10268,10269,10271,10273],{},[164,10270,9583],{},[164,10272,9586],{},[164,10274,169],{},[174,10276,10277,10286,10296,10305,10316],{},[161,10278,10279,10281,10284],{},[179,10280,9736],{},[179,10282,10283],{},"zeikomi",[179,10285,9742],{},[161,10287,10288,10290,10293],{},[179,10289,9750],{},[179,10291,10292],{},"zeinuki",[179,10294,10295],{},"Tax excluded \u002F before tax",[161,10297,10298,10300,10303],{},[179,10299,9764],{},[179,10301,10302],{},"shohizei",[179,10304,9770],{},[161,10306,10307,10310,10313],{},[179,10308,10309],{},"内消費税",[179,10311,10312],{},"uchi shohizei",[179,10314,10315],{},"Consumption tax included inside the total",[161,10317,10318,10321,10324],{},[179,10319,10320],{},"消費税等",[179,10322,10323],{},"shohizei-to",[179,10325,10326],{},"Consumption tax etc.",[10,10328,10329,10331],{},[14,10330,9736],{}," is the one you will see most often as a shopper. It means the displayed price includes tax.",[10,10333,10334],{},"For example:",[155,10336,10337,10345],{},[158,10338,10339],{},[161,10340,10341,10343],{},[164,10342,10217],{},[164,10344,3764],{},[174,10346,10347,10355,10363],{},[161,10348,10349,10352],{},[179,10350,10351],{},"おにぎり 税込 151円",[179,10353,10354],{},"Rice ball, tax included, 151 yen",[161,10356,10357,10360],{},[179,10358,10359],{},"消費税等 78円",[179,10361,10362],{},"Consumption tax etc., 78 yen",[161,10364,10365,10368],{},[179,10366,10367],{},"内消費税 78円",[179,10369,10370],{},"78 yen of tax is included in the total",[10,10372,10373],{},"Japan's National Tax Agency lists the consumption tax rate from October 1, 2019 as 10% for the standard rate and 8% for the reduced rate. The reduced rate applies to food and drink excluding alcoholic drinks and dining out, plus certain subscription newspapers.",[147,10375,10377],{"id":10376},"_8-and-10-on-japanese-convenience-store-receipts","8% and 10% on Japanese convenience store receipts",[10,10379,10380],{},"This is one of the biggest reasons Japanese receipts feel confusing.",[10,10382,10383],{},"Many convenience store receipts split totals by tax rate:",[155,10385,10386,10395],{},[158,10387,10388],{},[161,10389,10390,10393],{},[164,10391,10392],{},"Receipt label",[164,10394,169],{},[174,10396,10397,10405,10413,10421,10429,10437],{},[161,10398,10399,10402],{},[179,10400,10401],{},"8%対象",[179,10403,10404],{},"Subject to 8% tax",[161,10406,10407,10410],{},[179,10408,10409],{},"10%対象",[179,10411,10412],{},"Subject to 10% tax",[161,10414,10415,10418],{},[179,10416,10417],{},"軽減税率対象",[179,10419,10420],{},"Subject to the reduced tax rate",[161,10422,10423,10426],{},[179,10424,10425],{},"軽減税率対象品目",[179,10427,10428],{},"Item covered by the reduced tax rate",[161,10430,10431,10434],{},[179,10432,10433],{},"標準税率",[179,10435,10436],{},"Standard tax rate",[161,10438,10439,10442],{},[179,10440,10441],{},"税率",[179,10443,10444],{},"Tax rate",[10,10446,10447],{},"In a convenience store, packaged food and drinks are often 8%, while many non-food items are 10%. Alcohol is not covered by the reduced food\u002Fdrink rate. Eating or drinking in an eat-in area can also change the tax treatment.",[10,10449,10450],{},"Common examples:",[155,10452,10453,10466],{},[158,10454,10455],{},[161,10456,10457,10460,10463],{},[164,10458,10459],{},"Item type",[164,10461,10462],{},"Common rate shown",[164,10464,10465],{},"Notes",[174,10467,10468,10478,10488,10498,10508],{},[161,10469,10470,10473,10475],{},[179,10471,10472],{},"Onigiri \u002F bento \u002F sandwich bought to go",[179,10474,9971],{},[179,10476,10477],{},"Food and drink reduced rate",[161,10479,10480,10483,10485],{},[179,10481,10482],{},"Bottled tea \u002F water \u002F coffee bought to go",[179,10484,9971],{},[179,10486,10487],{},"Non-alcoholic drinks",[161,10489,10490,10493,10495],{},[179,10491,10492],{},"Beer \u002F chuhai \u002F sake",[179,10494,9974],{},[179,10496,10497],{},"Alcohol is not in the reduced food\u002Fdrink category",[161,10499,10500,10503,10505],{},[179,10501,10502],{},"Shampoo \u002F tissues \u002F charger \u002F umbrella",[179,10504,9974],{},[179,10506,10507],{},"Non-food goods",[161,10509,10510,10513,10515],{},[179,10511,10512],{},"Eat-in food\u002Fdrink",[179,10514,9974],{},[179,10516,10517],{},"Dining out\u002Feat-in is not treated like takeaway food",[10,10519,10520,10521,66,10524,73,10527,10530],{},"Receipts may mark 8% items with a symbol such as ",[14,10522,10523],{},"*",[14,10525,10526],{},"※",[14,10528,10529],{},"軽",". The exact symbol depends on the store.",[147,10532,9778],{"id":9778},[10,10534,10535,10537],{},[14,10536,9778],{}," means reduced tax rate.",[10,10539,10540],{},"Break it down:",[155,10542,10543,10552],{},[158,10544,10545],{},[161,10546,10547,10550],{},[164,10548,10549],{},"Part",[164,10551,169],{},[174,10553,10554,10562,10569],{},[161,10555,10556,10559],{},[179,10557,10558],{},"軽減",[179,10560,10561],{},"reduction \u002F reduced",[161,10563,10564,10566],{},[179,10565,10441],{},[179,10567,10568],{},"tax rate",[161,10570,10571,10573],{},[179,10572,9778],{},[179,10574,10575],{},"reduced tax rate",[10,10577,7250],{},[155,10579,10580,10588],{},[158,10581,10582],{},[161,10583,10584,10586],{},[164,10585,9583],{},[164,10587,169],{},[174,10589,10590,10597,10605,10613,10620],{},[161,10591,10592,10594],{},[179,10593,10417],{},[179,10595,10596],{},"Subject to reduced tax rate",[161,10598,10599,10602],{},[179,10600,10601],{},"軽減税率対象商品",[179,10603,10604],{},"Product subject to reduced tax rate",[161,10606,10607,10610],{},[179,10608,10609],{},"※は軽減税率対象商品です",[179,10611,10612],{},"Items marked ※ are reduced tax rate items",[161,10614,10615,10617],{},[179,10616,10401],{},[179,10618,10619],{},"Subject to 8%",[161,10621,10622,10624],{},[179,10623,10409],{},[179,10625,10626],{},"Subject to 10%",[10,10628,10629],{},"If your receipt has both snacks and non-food items, the tax section may separate the 8% total and the 10% total.",[10,10631,10632],{},"Example:",[155,10634,10635,10643],{},[158,10636,10637],{},[161,10638,10639,10641],{},[164,10640,10217],{},[164,10642,169],{},[174,10644,10645,10653,10661],{},[161,10646,10647,10650],{},[179,10648,10649],{},"8%対象 ¥476",[179,10651,10652],{},"476 yen of purchases are under the 8% rate",[161,10654,10655,10658],{},[179,10656,10657],{},"10%対象 ¥570",[179,10659,10660],{},"570 yen of purchases are under the 10% rate",[161,10662,10663,10666],{},[179,10664,10665],{},"消費税等 ¥83",[179,10667,10668],{},"Consumption tax etc. is 83 yen",[147,10670,10672],{"id":10671},"お預り-and-お釣り","お預り and お釣り",[10,10674,10675],{},"If you pay in cash, two polite words matter.",[155,10677,10678,10688],{},[158,10679,10680],{},[161,10681,10682,10684,10686],{},[164,10683,9583],{},[164,10685,9586],{},[164,10687,169],{},[174,10689,10690,10700,10709,10718],{},[161,10691,10692,10694,10697],{},[179,10693,9834],{},[179,10695,10696],{},"oazukari",[179,10698,10699],{},"Amount received from you",[161,10701,10702,10704,10707],{},[179,10703,9848],{},[179,10705,10706],{},"otsuri",[179,10708,9854],{},[161,10710,10711,10713,10716],{},[179,10712,9862],{},[179,10714,10715],{},"genkin",[179,10717,9868],{},[161,10719,10720,10723,10726],{},[179,10721,10722],{},"差額",[179,10724,10725],{},"sagaku",[179,10727,10728],{},"Difference \u002F balance",[10,10730,10632],{},[155,10732,10733,10741],{},[158,10734,10735],{},[161,10736,10737,10739],{},[164,10738,10217],{},[164,10740,169],{},[174,10742,10743,10749,10757],{},[161,10744,10745,10747],{},[179,10746,10234],{},[179,10748,10237],{},[161,10750,10751,10754],{},[179,10752,10753],{},"お預り ¥2,000",[179,10755,10756],{},"Cash received 2,000 yen",[161,10758,10759,10762],{},[179,10760,10761],{},"お釣り ¥954",[179,10763,10764],{},"Change 954 yen",[10,10766,1729,10767,10770,10771,497,10773,10775],{},[14,10768,10769],{},"お"," at the beginning of ",[14,10772,9834],{},[14,10774,9848],{}," is polite. It does not change the core meaning.",[147,10777,10779],{"id":10778},"payment-methods-現金-クレジット-電子マネー-and-バーコード決済","Payment methods: 現金, クレジット, 電子マネー and バーコード決済",[10,10781,10782],{},"Japanese convenience stores support many payment methods, so receipts often show how you paid.",[155,10784,10785,10795],{},[158,10786,10787],{},[161,10788,10789,10791,10793],{},[164,10790,9583],{},[164,10792,9586],{},[164,10794,169],{},[174,10796,10797,10805,10813,10823,10832,10843,10854,10864,10875,10886],{},[161,10798,10799,10801,10803],{},[179,10800,9862],{},[179,10802,10715],{},[179,10804,9868],{},[161,10806,10807,10809,10811],{},[179,10808,9876],{},[179,10810,9879],{},[179,10812,9882],{},[161,10814,10815,10818,10821],{},[179,10816,10817],{},"クレジットカード",[179,10819,10820],{},"kurejitto kaado",[179,10822,9882],{},[161,10824,10825,10827,10830],{},[179,10826,9889],{},[179,10828,10829],{},"denshi manee",[179,10831,9895],{},[161,10833,10834,10837,10840],{},[179,10835,10836],{},"交通系IC",[179,10838,10839],{},"kotsu-kei ai shii",[179,10841,10842],{},"Transit IC card",[161,10844,10845,10848,10851],{},[179,10846,10847],{},"IC",[179,10849,10850],{},"ai shii",[179,10852,10853],{},"IC card",[161,10855,10856,10858,10861],{},[179,10857,9989],{},[179,10859,10860],{},"baakoodo kessai",[179,10862,10863],{},"Barcode payment",[161,10865,10866,10869,10872],{},[179,10867,10868],{},"QR決済",[179,10870,10871],{},"kyuu aaru kessai",[179,10873,10874],{},"QR payment",[161,10876,10877,10880,10883],{},[179,10878,10879],{},"決済",[179,10881,10882],{},"kessai",[179,10884,10885],{},"Payment \u002F settlement",[161,10887,10888,10891,10894],{},[179,10889,10890],{},"承認",[179,10892,10893],{},"shonin",[179,10895,10896],{},"Approval \u002F authorization",[10,10898,10899],{},"You may also see brand names such as Suica, PASMO, iD, QUICPay, Rakuten Edy, PayPay, d払い or au PAY.",[10,10901,10902,10903,10905],{},"If you paid by card or mobile payment, there may be no ",[14,10904,9848],{}," line because no cash change was returned.",[147,10907,10909],{"id":10908},"ポイント-points-earned-and-used","ポイント: points earned and used",[10,10911,10912],{},"Convenience store receipts often include loyalty points.",[155,10914,10915,10923],{},[158,10916,10917],{},[161,10918,10919,10921],{},[164,10920,9583],{},[164,10922,169],{},[174,10924,10925,10931,10939,10947,10955,10963,10971],{},[161,10926,10927,10929],{},[179,10928,9903],{},[179,10930,9909],{},[161,10932,10933,10936],{},[179,10934,10935],{},"利用ポイント",[179,10937,10938],{},"Points used",[161,10940,10941,10944],{},[179,10942,10943],{},"獲得ポイント",[179,10945,10946],{},"Points earned",[161,10948,10949,10952],{},[179,10950,10951],{},"付与ポイント",[179,10953,10954],{},"Points awarded",[161,10956,10957,10960],{},[179,10958,10959],{},"今回ポイント",[179,10961,10962],{},"Points from this purchase",[161,10964,10965,10968],{},[179,10966,10967],{},"累計ポイント",[179,10969,10970],{},"Total accumulated points",[161,10972,10973,10976],{},[179,10974,10975],{},"残高",[179,10977,10978],{},"Balance",[10,10980,10981],{},"Common point words:",[155,10983,10984,10992],{},[158,10985,10986],{},[161,10987,10988,10990],{},[164,10989,10217],{},[164,10991,169],{},[174,10993,10994,11002,11010],{},[161,10995,10996,10999],{},[179,10997,10998],{},"ポイント利用 100P",[179,11000,11001],{},"Used 100 points",[161,11003,11004,11007],{},[179,11005,11006],{},"付与ポイント 5P",[179,11008,11009],{},"5 points awarded",[161,11011,11012,11015],{},[179,11013,11014],{},"残高 340P",[179,11016,11017],{},"Point balance 340 points",[10,11019,11020,11021,66,11024,66,11026,73,11028,11030],{},"If the final total feels lower than expected, check whether ",[14,11022,11023],{},"ポイント利用",[14,11025,9820],{},[14,11027,9806],{},[14,11029,10009],{}," appears.",[147,11032,11034],{"id":11033},"discounts-coupons-and-campaigns","Discounts, coupons and campaigns",[10,11036,11037],{},"Discount lines can appear between the item list and the total.",[155,11039,11040,11050],{},[158,11041,11042],{},[161,11043,11044,11046,11048],{},[164,11045,9583],{},[164,11047,9586],{},[164,11049,169],{},[174,11051,11052,11061,11071,11079,11090,11101,11112],{},[161,11053,11054,11056,11059],{},[179,11055,9806],{},[179,11057,11058],{},"nebiki",[179,11060,9812],{},[161,11062,11063,11065,11068],{},[179,11064,10009],{},[179,11066,11067],{},"waribiki",[179,11069,11070],{},"Discount \u002F percentage off",[161,11072,11073,11075,11077],{},[179,11074,9820],{},[179,11076,9823],{},[179,11078,9826],{},[161,11080,11081,11084,11087],{},[179,11082,11083],{},"セール",[179,11085,11086],{},"seeru",[179,11088,11089],{},"Sale",[161,11091,11092,11095,11098],{},[179,11093,11094],{},"キャンペーン",[179,11096,11097],{},"kyanpeen",[179,11099,11100],{},"Campaign \u002F promotion",[161,11102,11103,11106,11109],{},[179,11104,11105],{},"対象商品",[179,11107,11108],{},"taisho shohin",[179,11110,11111],{},"Eligible item",[161,11113,11114,11117,11120],{},[179,11115,11116],{},"無料",[179,11118,11119],{},"muryo",[179,11121,11122],{},"Free",[10,11124,727],{},[155,11126,11127,11135],{},[158,11128,11129],{},[161,11130,11131,11133],{},[164,11132,10217],{},[164,11134,169],{},[174,11136,11137,11145,11153,11161],{},[161,11138,11139,11142],{},[179,11140,11141],{},"値引 -30円",[179,11143,11144],{},"30 yen discount",[161,11146,11147,11150],{},[179,11148,11149],{},"クーポン -50円",[179,11151,11152],{},"50 yen coupon",[161,11154,11155,11158],{},[179,11156,11157],{},"セール割引 -20円",[179,11159,11160],{},"20 yen sale discount",[161,11162,11163,11165],{},[179,11164,11105],{},[179,11166,11111],{},[10,11168,11169,11170,11173],{},"The minus sign is your friend. If you see ",[14,11171,11172],{},"-50円",", that line usually reduced the price by 50 yen.",[147,11175,11177],{"id":11176},"store-date-and-register-details","Store, date and register details",[10,11179,11180],{},"The top and bottom of the receipt often contain store information.",[155,11182,11183,11193],{},[158,11184,11185],{},[161,11186,11187,11189,11191],{},[164,11188,9583],{},[164,11190,9586],{},[164,11192,169],{},[174,11194,11195,11204,11215,11226,11236,11245,11256,11267,11278],{},[161,11196,11197,11199,11202],{},[179,11198,9625],{},[179,11200,11201],{},"tenpo",[179,11203,9631],{},[161,11205,11206,11209,11212],{},[179,11207,11208],{},"店名",[179,11210,11211],{},"tenmei",[179,11213,11214],{},"Store name",[161,11216,11217,11220,11223],{},[179,11218,11219],{},"住所",[179,11221,11222],{},"jusho",[179,11224,11225],{},"Address",[161,11227,11228,11231,11234],{},[179,11229,11230],{},"電話",[179,11232,11233],{},"denwa",[179,11235,7219],{},[161,11237,11238,11240,11243],{},[179,11239,9639],{},[179,11241,11242],{},"nichiji",[179,11244,9645],{},[161,11246,11247,11250,11253],{},[179,11248,11249],{},"レジ",[179,11251,11252],{},"reji",[179,11254,11255],{},"Register",[161,11257,11258,11261,11264],{},[179,11259,11260],{},"担当",[179,11262,11263],{},"tanto",[179,11265,11266],{},"Staff member \u002F person in charge",[161,11268,11269,11272,11275],{},[179,11270,11271],{},"取引番号",[179,11273,11274],{},"torihiki bango",[179,11276,11277],{},"Transaction number",[161,11279,11280,11283,11286],{},[179,11281,11282],{},"登録番号",[179,11284,11285],{},"toroku bango",[179,11287,11288],{},"Registration number",[10,11290,11291],{},"You do not need every store detail for normal shopping, but these fields matter if you need proof of purchase, want to return something, or need to submit the receipt for reimbursement.",[147,11293,11295],{"id":11294},"登録番号-and-qualified-invoice-style-receipts","登録番号 and qualified invoice-style receipts",[10,11297,11298,11299,11301,11302,11305],{},"Some receipts show ",[14,11300,11282],{},", often beginning with ",[14,11303,11304],{},"T"," followed by numbers.",[155,11307,11308,11316],{},[158,11309,11310],{},[161,11311,11312,11314],{},[164,11313,9583],{},[164,11315,169],{},[174,11317,11318,11324,11332,11340,11348],{},[161,11319,11320,11322],{},[179,11321,11282],{},[179,11323,11288],{},[161,11325,11326,11329],{},[179,11327,11328],{},"適格請求書",[179,11330,11331],{},"Qualified invoice",[161,11333,11334,11337],{},[179,11335,11336],{},"インボイス",[179,11338,11339],{},"Invoice",[161,11341,11342,11345],{},[179,11343,11344],{},"発行事業者",[179,11346,11347],{},"Issuing business",[161,11349,11350,11353],{},[179,11351,11352],{},"課税事業者",[179,11354,11355],{},"Taxable business",[10,11357,11358],{},"Japan introduced a qualified invoice system in October 2023. The Ministry of Finance explains that businesses issuing qualified invoices need to clearly show applicable tax rates and tax amounts so buyers and sellers can confirm tax calculations.",[10,11360,11361,11362,11364],{},"For everyday travel, you usually do not need to understand the whole invoice system. But if you are reading a receipt for business reimbursement, the ",[14,11363,11282],{},", tax-rate breakdown and total tax amount may matter.",[147,11366,11368],{"id":11367},"tax-free-receipt-words","Tax-free receipt words",[10,11370,11371],{},"Most convenience store purchases are ordinary purchases, not tax-free purchases. But in tourist shopping contexts, you may see tax-free language.",[155,11373,11374,11384],{},[158,11375,11376],{},[161,11377,11378,11380,11382],{},[164,11379,9583],{},[164,11381,9586],{},[164,11383,169],{},[174,11385,11386,11397,11408,11419,11429,11440,11451],{},[161,11387,11388,11391,11394],{},[179,11389,11390],{},"免税",[179,11392,11393],{},"めんぜい \u002F menzei",[179,11395,11396],{},"Tax-free",[161,11398,11399,11402,11405],{},[179,11400,11401],{},"免税品",[179,11403,11404],{},"めんぜいひん \u002F menzeihin",[179,11406,11407],{},"Tax-free goods",[161,11409,11410,11413,11416],{},[179,11411,11412],{},"免税対象",[179,11414,11415],{},"めんぜいたいしょう \u002F menzei taisho",[179,11417,11418],{},"Eligible for tax-free purchase",[161,11420,11421,11424,11427],{},[179,11422,11423],{},"パスポート",[179,11425,11426],{},"pasupooto",[179,11428,8550],{},[161,11430,11431,11434,11437],{},[179,11432,11433],{},"購入記録",[179,11435,11436],{},"konyu kiroku",[179,11438,11439],{},"Purchase record",[161,11441,11442,11445,11448],{},[179,11443,11444],{},"消耗品",[179,11446,11447],{},"shomohin",[179,11449,11450],{},"Consumable goods",[161,11452,11453,11456,11459],{},[179,11454,11455],{},"一般物品",[179,11457,11458],{},"ippan buppin",[179,11460,11461],{},"General goods",[10,11463,11464],{},"Japan Customs explains that tax-free purchases require showing your passport at tax-free shops, and goods must be taken out of Japan. Consumable items include food, beverages, health foods and cosmetics, with eligible purchase amounts between 5,000 yen and 500,000 yen at a single tax-free shop.",[10,11466,11467,11468,11470],{},"If a receipt involves ",[14,11469,11390],{},", do not treat it like a normal convenience store receipt. Read the conditions carefully.",[147,11472,11474],{"id":11473},"common-convenience-store-item-names","Common convenience store item names",[10,11476,11477],{},"Product names are often written in katakana, kanji, abbreviations or brand names.",[155,11479,11480,11490],{},[158,11481,11482],{},[161,11483,11484,11486,11488],{},[164,11485,9583],{},[164,11487,9586],{},[164,11489,169],{},[174,11491,11492,11503,11514,11525,11536,11547,11558,11568,11579,11589,11600,11611,11622,11633,11644],{},[161,11493,11494,11497,11500],{},[179,11495,11496],{},"おにぎり",[179,11498,11499],{},"onigiri",[179,11501,11502],{},"Rice ball",[161,11504,11505,11508,11511],{},[179,11506,11507],{},"弁当",[179,11509,11510],{},"bento",[179,11512,11513],{},"Bento box",[161,11515,11516,11519,11522],{},[179,11517,11518],{},"サンドイッチ",[179,11520,11521],{},"sandoicchi",[179,11523,11524],{},"Sandwich",[161,11526,11527,11530,11533],{},[179,11528,11529],{},"パン",[179,11531,11532],{},"pan",[179,11534,11535],{},"Bread",[161,11537,11538,11541,11544],{},[179,11539,11540],{},"飲料",[179,11542,11543],{},"inryo",[179,11545,11546],{},"Drink",[161,11548,11549,11552,11555],{},[179,11550,11551],{},"お茶",[179,11553,11554],{},"ocha",[179,11556,11557],{},"Tea",[161,11559,11560,11563,11566],{},[179,11561,11562],{},"水",[179,11564,11565],{},"mizu",[179,11567,7069],{},[161,11569,11570,11573,11576],{},[179,11571,11572],{},"コーヒー",[179,11574,11575],{},"koohii",[179,11577,11578],{},"Coffee",[161,11580,11581,11584,11587],{},[179,11582,11583],{},"酒",[179,11585,11586],{},"sake",[179,11588,2097],{},[161,11590,11591,11594,11597],{},[179,11592,11593],{},"ビール",[179,11595,11596],{},"biiru",[179,11598,11599],{},"Beer",[161,11601,11602,11605,11608],{},[179,11603,11604],{},"日用品",[179,11606,11607],{},"nichiyohin",[179,11609,11610],{},"Daily goods",[161,11612,11613,11616,11619],{},[179,11614,11615],{},"雑貨",[179,11617,11618],{},"zakka",[179,11620,11621],{},"Miscellaneous goods",[161,11623,11624,11627,11630],{},[179,11625,11626],{},"マスク",[179,11628,11629],{},"masuku",[179,11631,11632],{},"Mask",[161,11634,11635,11638,11641],{},[179,11636,11637],{},"ティッシュ",[179,11639,11640],{},"tisshu",[179,11642,11643],{},"Tissues",[161,11645,11646,11649,11652],{},[179,11647,11648],{},"電池",[179,11650,11651],{},"denchi",[179,11653,11654],{},"Batteries",[10,11656,11657,11658,66,11661,73,11664,500],{},"Convenience store receipts may shorten product names. For example, a bottled green tea might appear as a brand name plus ",[14,11659,11660],{},"茶",[14,11662,11663],{},"緑茶",[14,11665,11540],{},[147,11667,11669],{"id":11668},"example-japanese-convenience-store-receipt","Example Japanese convenience store receipt",[10,11671,11672],{},"Imagine your receipt says:",[155,11674,11675,11684],{},[158,11676,11677],{},[161,11678,11679,11682],{},[164,11680,11681],{},"Receipt line",[164,11683,169],{},[174,11685,11686,11694,11702,11710,11718,11726,11734,11742,11750,11758,11766],{},[161,11687,11688,11691],{},[179,11689,11690],{},"セブンイレブン 東京駅前店",[179,11692,11693],{},"7-Eleven Tokyo Station-front branch",[161,11695,11696,11699],{},[179,11697,11698],{},"2026年6月9日 08:42",[179,11700,11701],{},"June 9, 2026, 8:42 AM",[161,11703,11704,11707],{},[179,11705,11706],{},"おにぎり鮭 ※ ¥151",[179,11708,11709],{},"Salmon rice ball, reduced tax rate item",[161,11711,11712,11715],{},[179,11713,11714],{},"アイスコーヒー ※ ¥120",[179,11716,11717],{},"Iced coffee, reduced tax rate item",[161,11719,11720,11723],{},[179,11721,11722],{},"傘 ¥658",[179,11724,11725],{},"Umbrella",[161,11727,11728,11731],{},[179,11729,11730],{},"小計 ¥929",[179,11732,11733],{},"Subtotal 929 yen",[161,11735,11736,11739],{},[179,11737,11738],{},"8%対象 ¥271",[179,11740,11741],{},"271 yen subject to 8%",[161,11743,11744,11747],{},[179,11745,11746],{},"10%対象 ¥658",[179,11748,11749],{},"658 yen subject to 10%",[161,11751,11752,11755],{},[179,11753,11754],{},"合計 ¥929",[179,11756,11757],{},"Total 929 yen",[161,11759,11760,11763],{},[179,11761,11762],{},"現金 ¥1,000",[179,11764,11765],{},"Paid in cash, 1,000 yen",[161,11767,11768,11771],{},[179,11769,11770],{},"お釣り ¥71",[179,11772,11773],{},"Change, 71 yen",[10,11775,11776,11777,11779],{},"The most important insight is that ",[14,11778,10526],{}," marks the food\u002Fdrink items, then the tax section separates the 8% and 10% totals.",[147,11781,11783],{"id":11782},"common-receipt-mistakes","Common receipt mistakes",[10,11785,11786],{},"Here are the mistakes that make Japanese receipts harder than they need to be.",[155,11788,11789,11797],{},[158,11790,11791],{},[161,11792,11793,11795],{},[164,11794,2960],{},[164,11796,6048],{},[174,11798,11799,11807,11815,11823,11831,11839,11847],{},[161,11800,11801,11804],{},[179,11802,11803],{},"Reading every item before the total",[179,11805,11806],{},"Find 合計 first, then item details",[161,11808,11809,11812],{},[179,11810,11811],{},"Ignoring tax rate notes",[179,11813,11814],{},"Check 8%, 10%, 軽減税率 and ※",[161,11816,11817,11820],{},[179,11818,11819],{},"Confusing お預り with total",[179,11821,11822],{},"お預り is what the cashier received",[161,11824,11825,11828],{},[179,11826,11827],{},"Confusing お釣り with discount",[179,11829,11830],{},"お釣り is change returned to you",[161,11832,11833,11836],{},[179,11834,11835],{},"Missing point use",[179,11837,11838],{},"Look for ポイント利用 if the total is lower",[161,11840,11841,11844],{},[179,11842,11843],{},"Treating 免税 as normal tax",[179,11845,11846],{},"Tax-free receipts have separate conditions",[161,11848,11849,11852],{},[179,11850,11851],{},"Assuming all food is 8%",[179,11853,11854],{},"Alcohol and eat-in\u002Fdining out are not the same",[147,11856,3051],{"id":3050},[10,11858,11859],{},"When you look at a Japanese convenience store receipt, scan in this order:",[2784,11861,11862,11867,11872,11877,11882,11888,11894,11900,11906,11912],{},[28,11863,11864,11866],{},[14,11865,9639],{},": date and time",[28,11868,11869,11871],{},[14,11870,9653],{},": item lines",[28,11873,11874,11876],{},[14,11875,9708],{},": subtotal",[28,11878,11879,11881],{},[14,11880,9722],{},": final total",[28,11883,11884,11887],{},[14,11885,11886],{},"税込 \u002F 消費税",": tax included and tax amount",[28,11889,11890,11893],{},[14,11891,11892],{},"8% \u002F 10% \u002F 軽減税率",": tax rate breakdown",[28,11895,11896,11899],{},[14,11897,11898],{},"現金 \u002F クレジット \u002F 電子マネー",": payment method",[28,11901,11902,11905],{},[14,11903,11904],{},"お預り \u002F お釣り",": cash received and change",[28,11907,11908,11911],{},[14,11909,11910],{},"ポイント \u002F クーポン \u002F 値引",": points and discounts",[28,11913,11914,11917],{},[14,11915,11916],{},"登録番号 \u002F 領収書",": business receipt details if needed",[147,11919,11921],{"id":11920},"useful-phrases-at-the-register","Useful phrases at the register",[155,11923,11924,11932],{},[158,11925,11926],{},[161,11927,11928,11930],{},[164,11929,9583],{},[164,11931,169],{},[174,11933,11934,11940,11948,11954,11962,11970,11978,11986],{},[161,11935,11936,11938],{},[179,11937,10099],{},[179,11939,10102],{},[161,11941,11942,11945],{},[179,11943,11944],{},"レシートは大丈夫です。",[179,11946,11947],{},"I do not need the receipt.",[161,11949,11950,11952],{},[179,11951,10107],{},[179,11953,10110],{},[161,11955,11956,11959],{},[179,11957,11958],{},"袋はいりません。",[179,11960,11961],{},"I do not need a bag.",[161,11963,11964,11967],{},[179,11965,11966],{},"現金でお願いします。",[179,11968,11969],{},"Cash, please.",[161,11971,11972,11975],{},[179,11973,11974],{},"カードでお願いします。",[179,11976,11977],{},"Card, please.",[161,11979,11980,11983],{},[179,11981,11982],{},"交通系ICでお願いします。",[179,11984,11985],{},"Transit IC card, please.",[161,11987,11988,11991],{},[179,11989,11990],{},"ポイントを使いたいです。",[179,11992,11993],{},"I would like to use points.",[147,11995,6296],{"id":6295},[3100,11997,11999],{"id":11998},"what-does-合計-mean-on-a-japanese-receipt","What does 合計 mean on a Japanese receipt?",[10,12001,12002,12004],{},[14,12003,9722],{}," means total. On a convenience store receipt, it is usually the final amount paid or due.",[3100,12006,12008],{"id":12007},"what-does-小計-mean","What does 小計 mean?",[10,12010,12011,12013],{},[14,12012,9708],{}," means subtotal. It may appear before the final total, tax breakdown, discounts or payment lines.",[3100,12015,12017],{"id":12016},"what-does-税込-mean","What does 税込 mean?",[10,12019,12020,12022],{},[14,12021,9736],{}," means tax included. If a price is marked 税込, the consumption tax is already included in that price.",[3100,12024,12026],{"id":12025},"why-does-my-japanese-receipt-show-both-8-and-10","Why does my Japanese receipt show both 8% and 10%?",[10,12028,12029],{},"Japan has a standard 10% consumption tax rate and an 8% reduced rate for certain food and drink purchases, excluding alcohol and dining out. Convenience store receipts often separate purchases by tax rate.",[3100,12031,12033],{"id":12032},"what-does-軽減税率-mean","What does 軽減税率 mean?",[10,12035,12036,12038],{},[14,12037,9778],{}," means reduced tax rate. On receipts, it usually points to items subject to Japan's 8% reduced rate.",[3100,12040,12042],{"id":12041},"what-does-お預り-mean","What does お預り mean?",[10,12044,12045,12047,12048,500],{},[14,12046,9834],{}," means the amount received from you. If you paid 1,000 yen for a 929 yen purchase, the receipt may show ",[14,12049,12050],{},"お預り ¥1,000",[3100,12052,12054],{"id":12053},"what-does-お釣り-mean","What does お釣り mean?",[10,12056,12057,12059,12060,12062],{},[14,12058,9848],{}," means change. If you paid 1,000 yen for a 929 yen purchase, ",[14,12061,11770],{}," means 71 yen was returned to you.",[3100,12064,12066],{"id":12065},"what-does-登録番号-mean","What does 登録番号 mean?",[10,12068,12069,12071],{},[14,12070,11282],{}," means registration number. On business receipts, it may be connected to Japan's qualified invoice system.",[3100,12073,12075],{"id":12074},"what-does-免税-mean","What does 免税 mean?",[10,12077,12078,12080],{},[14,12079,11390],{}," means tax-free. It is not the same as an ordinary purchase. Tax-free purchases for visitors have eligibility and export conditions.",[147,12082,3187],{"id":3186},[25,12084,12085,12092,12099,12106],{},[28,12086,12087],{},[3193,12088,12091],{"href":12089,"rel":12090},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nta.go.jp\u002Fenglish\u002Ftaxes\u002Fconsumption_tax\u002F01.htm",[3197],"National Tax Agency: Consumption Tax Basic Knowledge",[28,12093,12094],{},[3193,12095,12098],{"href":12096,"rel":12097},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mof.go.jp\u002Fenglish\u002Fpolicy\u002Ftax_policy\u002Fpublication\u002Ftax014\u002Fe_05.pdf",[3197],"Ministry of Finance: Learn about Consumption Tax",[28,12100,12101],{},[3193,12102,12105],{"href":12103,"rel":12104},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mlit.go.jp\u002Fkankocho\u002Ftax-free\u002Fpage01_000113.html",[3197],"Japan Tax-free Shop: Consumption Tax Exemption System",[28,12107,12108],{},[3193,12109,12112],{"href":12110,"rel":12111},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.customs.go.jp\u002Fenglish\u002Fc-answer_e\u002Fextsukan\u002F5004_e.htm",[3197],"Japan Customs: Consumption Tax Exemption for Exports",{"title":3228,"searchDepth":3229,"depth":3229,"links":12114},[12115,12116,12117,12118,12119,12120,12121,12122,12123,12124,12125,12126,12127,12128,12129,12130,12131,12132,12133,12134,12145],{"id":9570,"depth":3229,"text":9571},{"id":9929,"depth":3229,"text":9930},{"id":10014,"depth":3229,"text":10015},{"id":10129,"depth":3229,"text":10130},{"id":10258,"depth":3229,"text":10259},{"id":10376,"depth":3229,"text":10377},{"id":9778,"depth":3229,"text":9778},{"id":10671,"depth":3229,"text":10672},{"id":10778,"depth":3229,"text":10779},{"id":10908,"depth":3229,"text":10909},{"id":11033,"depth":3229,"text":11034},{"id":11176,"depth":3229,"text":11177},{"id":11294,"depth":3229,"text":11295},{"id":11367,"depth":3229,"text":11368},{"id":11473,"depth":3229,"text":11474},{"id":11668,"depth":3229,"text":11669},{"id":11782,"depth":3229,"text":11783},{"id":3050,"depth":3229,"text":3051},{"id":11920,"depth":3229,"text":11921},{"id":6295,"depth":3229,"text":6296,"children":12135},[12136,12137,12138,12139,12140,12141,12142,12143,12144],{"id":11998,"depth":3252,"text":11999},{"id":12007,"depth":3252,"text":12008},{"id":12016,"depth":3252,"text":12017},{"id":12025,"depth":3252,"text":12026},{"id":12032,"depth":3252,"text":12033},{"id":12041,"depth":3252,"text":12042},{"id":12053,"depth":3252,"text":12054},{"id":12065,"depth":3252,"text":12066},{"id":12074,"depth":3252,"text":12075},{"id":3186,"depth":3229,"text":3187},"Learn how to read a Japanese convenience store receipt, including subtotal, total, tax included, 8% and 10% tax rates, payment method, points, change and common item labels.",{},"\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fhow-to-read-japanese-convenience-store-receipt",{"title":9510,"description":12146},"Learn how to read Japanese convenience store receipts, including 合計, 小計, 税込, 軽減税率, お預り, お釣り, 現金, クレジット, ポイント and 8% or 10% tax.","How to Read a Japanese Convenience Store Receipt: 合計 and 税込","how-to-read-japanese-convenience-store-receipt","blog\u002Fen\u002Fhow-to-read-japanese-convenience-store-receipt",[12155,12156,12157,12158,12159],"Japanese receipt vocabulary","Japanese convenience store","Japanese reading practice","Japan travel vocabulary","Japanese shopping vocabulary","LgyTmBTso9p_Z94FnMf_ezXY1qwM3s_M3UNvDDRZGqc",1781034756205]