[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":10554},["ShallowReactive",2],{"post-en-how-to-read-italian-restaurant-menu":3,"related-how-to-read-italian-restaurant-menu-en":3244},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":3224,"excerpt":3225,"extension":3226,"featured":3227,"locale":3228,"meta":3229,"navigation":3227,"path":3230,"publishedAt":3231,"seo":3232,"seoDescription":3233,"seoTitle":3234,"slug":3235,"stem":3236,"tags":3237,"targetLanguage":121,"updatedAt":3231,"__hash__":3243},"blog\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fhow-to-read-italian-restaurant-menu.md","How to Read an Italian Restaurant Menu: Antipasti, Primi, Secondi, Contorni, Dolci and Coperto",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":3189},"minimark",[9,18,42,45,85,88,95,98,101,106,109,357,374,378,381,387,402,405,429,447,450,454,460,568,571,623,630,634,643,749,751,803,821,874,878,887,1027,1029,1089,1094,1098,1104,1199,1201,1244,1249,1253,1259,1365,1367,1411,1417,1421,1427,1547,1549,1592,1600,1604,1607,1715,1717,1766,1769,1773,1792,1924,1926,1978,1994,1998,2001,2107,2109,2161,2167,2171,2174,2303,2305,2356,2362,2366,2369,2549,2552,2613,2616,2620,2623,2705,2708,2716,2730,2740,2746,2750,2842,2849,2853,2960,2964,2967,3001,3004,3008,3011,3014,3034,3037,3042,3047,3050,3059,3063,3094,3098,3103,3108,3112,3117,3121,3126,3130,3135,3139,3145,3149,3155,3159,3170,3174,3179,3183],[10,11,12,13,17],"p",{},"If you are trying to figure out ",[14,15,16],"strong",{},"how to read an Italian restaurant menu",", the hardest part is usually not one mysterious word. It is the structure.",[10,19,20,21,24,25,24,28,24,31,24,34,37,38,41],{},"An Italian menu is often organized by course: ",[14,22,23],{},"antipasti",", ",[14,26,27],{},"primi",[14,29,30],{},"secondi",[14,32,33],{},"contorni",[14,35,36],{},"dolci",", and ",[14,39,40],{},"bevande",". If you read it like an American-style menu where every item is a complete main dish with sides included, you can get confused fast.",[10,43,44],{},"Start with the practical questions:",[46,47,48,52,55,58,65,76,82],"ul",{},[49,50,51],"li",{},"Is this a starter, pasta\u002Frice dish, main protein, side dish, dessert, or drink?",[49,53,54],{},"Is the dish meat, fish, pasta, rice, cheese, vegetables, or seafood?",[49,56,57],{},"Is it baked, grilled, fried, raw, cured, stewed, or served with a sauce?",[49,59,60,61,64],{},"Are sides included, or do you need to order a ",[14,62,63],{},"contorno"," separately?",[49,66,67,68,71,72,75],{},"Does the menu mention ",[14,69,70],{},"coperto"," or ",[14,73,74],{},"servizio","?",[49,77,78,79,75],{},"Are allergens listed, or does it say ",[14,80,81],{},"allergeni su richiesta",[49,83,84],{},"Is the price per dish, per person, per 100 grams, or per kilogram?",[10,86,87],{},"Once you know the menu sections and the common food words, an Italian restaurant menu stops feeling like a long list of beautiful mysteries.",[10,89,90],{},[91,92],"img",{"alt":93,"src":94},"Italian restaurant menu guide","\u002Fblog\u002Fitalian-restaurant-menu-guide.svg",[10,96,97],{},"This guide explains the Italian menu words you are most likely to see in trattorie, osterie, pizzerie, restaurants, wine bars, seafood restaurants, casual lunch spots and tourist-area menus in Italy.",[10,99,100],{},"This article is for reading and vocabulary help. If you have a serious food allergy, confirm ingredients and cross-contact risk with the restaurant directly before ordering.",[102,103,105],"h2",{"id":104},"the-most-important-italian-restaurant-menu-words","The most important Italian restaurant menu words",[10,107,108],{},"Start with these words. They carry the structure of most Italian menus.",[110,111,112,128],"table",{},[113,114,115],"thead",{},[116,117,118,122,125],"tr",{},[119,120,121],"th",{},"Italian",[119,123,124],{},"Meaning",[119,126,127],{},"Why it matters",[129,130,131,143,154,164,175,186,196,206,216,227,238,249,260,271,282,292,302,313,324,335,346],"tbody",{},[116,132,133,137,140],{},[134,135,136],"td",{},"menù \u002F menu",[134,138,139],{},"Menu",[134,141,142],{},"Both spellings appear",[116,144,145,148,151],{},[134,146,147],{},"carta",[134,149,150],{},"Menu \u002F list",[134,152,153],{},"Often used for wine list or full menu",[116,155,156,158,161],{},[134,157,23],{},[134,159,160],{},"Starters \u002F appetizers",[134,162,163],{},"Small opening dishes",[116,165,166,169,172],{},[134,167,168],{},"primi \u002F primi piatti",[134,170,171],{},"First courses",[134,173,174],{},"Usually pasta, risotto, soup or gnocchi",[116,176,177,180,183],{},[134,178,179],{},"secondi \u002F secondi piatti",[134,181,182],{},"Second courses",[134,184,185],{},"Usually meat, fish or main protein",[116,187,188,190,193],{},[134,189,33],{},[134,191,192],{},"Side dishes",[134,194,195],{},"Vegetables, potatoes, salad",[116,197,198,200,203],{},[134,199,36],{},[134,201,202],{},"Desserts",[134,204,205],{},"Sweet dishes",[116,207,208,210,213],{},[134,209,40],{},[134,211,212],{},"Drinks",[134,214,215],{},"Water, soft drinks, beer",[116,217,218,221,224],{},[134,219,220],{},"vini",[134,222,223],{},"Wines",[134,225,226],{},"Wine section or wine list",[116,228,229,232,235],{},[134,230,231],{},"piatto",[134,233,234],{},"Dish \u002F plate",[134,236,237],{},"General food item",[116,239,240,243,246],{},[134,241,242],{},"specialità",[134,244,245],{},"Specialty",[134,247,248],{},"House or regional dish",[116,250,251,254,257],{},[134,252,253],{},"del giorno",[134,255,256],{},"Of the day",[134,258,259],{},"Today's dish",[116,261,262,265,268],{},[134,263,264],{},"fatto in casa",[134,266,267],{},"Homemade",[134,269,270],{},"Often pasta or dessert",[116,272,273,276,279],{},[134,274,275],{},"fresco",[134,277,278],{},"Fresh",[134,280,281],{},"Common with fish, pasta, vegetables",[116,283,284,286,289],{},[134,285,70],{},[134,287,288],{},"Cover charge",[134,290,291],{},"Per-person table charge",[116,293,294,296,299],{},[134,295,74],{},[134,297,298],{},"Service charge",[134,300,301],{},"May appear as a percentage or note",[116,303,304,307,310],{},[134,305,306],{},"incluso",[134,308,309],{},"Included",[134,311,312],{},"Price or charge is included",[116,314,315,318,321],{},[134,316,317],{},"escluso",[134,319,320],{},"Not included",[134,322,323],{},"Price or charge is extra",[116,325,326,329,332],{},[134,327,328],{},"allergeni",[134,330,331],{},"Allergens",[134,333,334],{},"Important if you avoid ingredients",[116,336,337,340,343],{},[134,338,339],{},"senza",[134,341,342],{},"Without",[134,344,345],{},"Useful for allergies and preferences",[116,347,348,351,354],{},[134,349,350],{},"con",[134,352,353],{},"With",[134,355,356],{},"Shows main ingredient or sauce",[10,358,359,360,24,362,24,364,24,366,24,368,370,371,373],{},"If you only remember six terms, remember ",[14,361,23],{},[14,363,27],{},[14,365,30],{},[14,367,33],{},[14,369,36],{}," and ",[14,372,70],{},".",[102,375,377],{"id":376},"read-the-menu-in-this-order","Read the menu in this order",[10,379,380],{},"Do not start by translating every dish name. First, read the structure.",[10,382,383],{},[91,384],{"alt":385,"src":386},"Italian restaurant menu reading order","\u002Fblog\u002Fitalian-restaurant-menu-reading-order.svg",[10,388,389,390,24,392,24,394,24,396,24,398,24,400,373],{},"First, find the section: ",[14,391,23],{},[14,393,27],{},[14,395,30],{},[14,397,33],{},[14,399,36],{},[14,401,40],{},[10,403,404],{},"Second, identify the main ingredient: pasta, rice, fish, beef, pork, chicken, cheese, vegetables, seafood.",[10,406,407,408,24,411,24,414,24,417,24,420,24,423,24,426,373],{},"Third, look for the preparation: ",[14,409,410],{},"al forno",[14,412,413],{},"alla griglia",[14,415,416],{},"fritto",[14,418,419],{},"crudo",[14,421,422],{},"marinato",[14,424,425],{},"in umido",[14,427,428],{},"al vapore",[10,430,431,432,24,434,24,436,24,438,24,441,24,444,373],{},"Fourth, check the fine print: ",[14,433,70],{},[14,435,74],{},[14,437,328],{},[14,439,440],{},"prezzo al kg",[14,442,443],{},"per persona",[14,445,446],{},"bevande escluse",[10,448,449],{},"This order keeps you from getting lost in poetic dish names before you know what kind of food you are even looking at.",[102,451,453],{"id":452},"antipasti-starters-and-small-plates","Antipasti: starters and small plates",[10,455,456,459],{},[14,457,458],{},"Antipasti"," are starters. They come before the first course.",[110,461,462,470],{},[113,463,464],{},[116,465,466,468],{},[119,467,121],{},[119,469,124],{},[129,471,472,480,488,496,504,512,520,528,536,544,552,560],{},[116,473,474,477],{},[134,475,476],{},"antipasto",[134,478,479],{},"Starter \u002F appetizer",[116,481,482,485],{},[134,483,484],{},"antipasti misti",[134,486,487],{},"Mixed starters",[116,489,490,493],{},[134,491,492],{},"tagliere",[134,494,495],{},"Board \u002F platter",[116,497,498,501],{},[134,499,500],{},"salumi",[134,502,503],{},"Cured meats",[116,505,506,509],{},[134,507,508],{},"formaggi",[134,510,511],{},"Cheeses",[116,513,514,517],{},[134,515,516],{},"bruschetta",[134,518,519],{},"Toasted bread with topping",[116,521,522,525],{},[134,523,524],{},"crostini",[134,526,527],{},"Small toasted bread pieces",[116,529,530,533],{},[134,531,532],{},"olive",[134,534,535],{},"Olives",[116,537,538,541],{},[134,539,540],{},"verdure grigliate",[134,542,543],{},"Grilled vegetables",[116,545,546,549],{},[134,547,548],{},"carpaccio",[134,550,551],{},"Thin raw slices, often beef or fish",[116,553,554,557],{},[134,555,556],{},"tartare",[134,558,559],{},"Finely chopped raw meat or fish",[116,561,562,565],{},[134,563,564],{},"fritto misto",[134,566,567],{},"Mixed fried food",[10,569,570],{},"Examples:",[110,572,573,582],{},[113,574,575],{},[116,576,577,580],{},[119,578,579],{},"Menu says",[119,581,124],{},[129,583,584,592,600,608,615],{},[116,585,586,589],{},[134,587,588],{},"Bruschetta al pomodoro",[134,590,591],{},"Toasted bread with tomato",[116,593,594,597],{},[134,595,596],{},"Tagliere di salumi e formaggi",[134,598,599],{},"Cured meat and cheese board",[116,601,602,605],{},[134,603,604],{},"Antipasto misto della casa",[134,606,607],{},"Mixed house starter",[116,609,610,613],{},[134,611,612],{},"Verdure grigliate",[134,614,543],{},[116,616,617,620],{},[134,618,619],{},"Carpaccio di manzo",[134,621,622],{},"Thin raw beef slices",[10,624,625,626,629],{},"An antipasto can be very light or surprisingly large. If you are not sure, ask: ",[14,627,628],{},"È grande?"," That means \"Is it large?\"",[102,631,633],{"id":632},"primi-pasta-risotto-gnocchi-and-soup","Primi: pasta, risotto, gnocchi and soup",[10,635,636,71,639,642],{},[14,637,638],{},"Primi",[14,640,641],{},"primi piatti"," are first courses. In many restaurants, this is where you find pasta, risotto, gnocchi and soup.",[110,644,645,653],{},[113,646,647],{},[116,648,649,651],{},[119,650,121],{},[119,652,124],{},[129,654,655,663,669,677,685,693,701,709,717,725,733,741],{},[116,656,657,660],{},[134,658,659],{},"primo",[134,661,662],{},"First course",[116,664,665,667],{},[134,666,641],{},[134,668,171],{},[116,670,671,674],{},[134,672,673],{},"pasta",[134,675,676],{},"Pasta",[116,678,679,682],{},[134,680,681],{},"pasta fresca",[134,683,684],{},"Fresh pasta",[116,686,687,690],{},[134,688,689],{},"pasta fatta in casa",[134,691,692],{},"Homemade pasta",[116,694,695,698],{},[134,696,697],{},"risotto",[134,699,700],{},"Risotto",[116,702,703,706],{},[134,704,705],{},"gnocchi",[134,707,708],{},"Potato dumplings",[116,710,711,714],{},[134,712,713],{},"ravioli",[134,715,716],{},"Stuffed pasta parcels",[116,718,719,722],{},[134,720,721],{},"tortellini",[134,723,724],{},"Small stuffed pasta",[116,726,727,730],{},[134,728,729],{},"lasagne",[134,731,732],{},"Layered baked pasta",[116,734,735,738],{},[134,736,737],{},"zuppa",[134,739,740],{},"Soup",[116,742,743,746],{},[134,744,745],{},"minestra",[134,747,748],{},"Soup \u002F broth-based dish",[10,750,570],{},[110,752,753,761],{},[113,754,755],{},[116,756,757,759],{},[119,758,579],{},[119,760,124],{},[129,762,763,771,779,787,795],{},[116,764,765,768],{},[134,766,767],{},"Spaghetti alle vongole",[134,769,770],{},"Spaghetti with clams",[116,772,773,776],{},[134,774,775],{},"Tagliatelle al ragù",[134,777,778],{},"Ribbon pasta with meat sauce",[116,780,781,784],{},[134,782,783],{},"Risotto ai funghi",[134,785,786],{},"Risotto with mushrooms",[116,788,789,792],{},[134,790,791],{},"Gnocchi al pomodoro",[134,793,794],{},"Gnocchi with tomato sauce",[116,796,797,800],{},[134,798,799],{},"Ravioli ricotta e spinaci",[134,801,802],{},"Ravioli with ricotta and spinach",[10,804,805,806,24,809,24,812,24,815,37,818,820],{},"The word ",[14,807,808],{},"al",[14,810,811],{},"alla",[14,813,814],{},"ai",[14,816,817],{},"alle",[14,819,350],{}," often tells you what the dish is with.",[110,822,823,832],{},[113,824,825],{},[116,826,827,830],{},[119,828,829],{},"Italian pattern",[119,831,124],{},[129,833,834,842,850,858,866],{},[116,835,836,839],{},[134,837,838],{},"al pomodoro",[134,840,841],{},"With tomato sauce",[116,843,844,847],{},[134,845,846],{},"al ragù",[134,848,849],{},"With meat sauce",[116,851,852,855],{},[134,853,854],{},"ai funghi",[134,856,857],{},"With mushrooms",[116,859,860,863],{},[134,861,862],{},"alle vongole",[134,864,865],{},"With clams",[116,867,868,871],{},[134,869,870],{},"con ricotta e spinaci",[134,872,873],{},"With ricotta and spinach",[102,875,877],{"id":876},"secondi-meat-fish-and-main-proteins","Secondi: meat, fish and main proteins",[10,879,880,71,883,886],{},[14,881,882],{},"Secondi",[14,884,885],{},"secondi piatti"," are second courses. These are usually meat, fish or another main protein.",[110,888,889,897],{},[113,890,891],{},[116,892,893,895],{},[119,894,121],{},[119,896,124],{},[129,898,899,907,915,923,931,939,947,955,963,971,979,987,995,1003,1011,1019],{},[116,900,901,904],{},[134,902,903],{},"secondo",[134,905,906],{},"Second course",[116,908,909,912],{},[134,910,911],{},"carne",[134,913,914],{},"Meat",[116,916,917,920],{},[134,918,919],{},"pesce",[134,921,922],{},"Fish",[116,924,925,928],{},[134,926,927],{},"pollo",[134,929,930],{},"Chicken",[116,932,933,936],{},[134,934,935],{},"manzo",[134,937,938],{},"Beef",[116,940,941,944],{},[134,942,943],{},"vitello",[134,945,946],{},"Veal",[116,948,949,952],{},[134,950,951],{},"maiale",[134,953,954],{},"Pork",[116,956,957,960],{},[134,958,959],{},"agnello",[134,961,962],{},"Lamb",[116,964,965,968],{},[134,966,967],{},"salsiccia",[134,969,970],{},"Sausage",[116,972,973,976],{},[134,974,975],{},"bistecca",[134,977,978],{},"Steak",[116,980,981,984],{},[134,982,983],{},"filetto",[134,985,986],{},"Fillet",[116,988,989,992],{},[134,990,991],{},"branzino \u002F spigola",[134,993,994],{},"Sea bass",[116,996,997,1000],{},[134,998,999],{},"orata",[134,1001,1002],{},"Sea bream",[116,1004,1005,1008],{},[134,1006,1007],{},"calamari",[134,1009,1010],{},"Squid",[116,1012,1013,1016],{},[134,1014,1015],{},"gamberi",[134,1017,1018],{},"Shrimp \u002F prawns",[116,1020,1021,1024],{},[134,1022,1023],{},"polpo",[134,1025,1026],{},"Octopus",[10,1028,570],{},[110,1030,1031,1039],{},[113,1032,1033],{},[116,1034,1035,1037],{},[119,1036,579],{},[119,1038,124],{},[129,1040,1041,1049,1057,1065,1073,1081],{},[116,1042,1043,1046],{},[134,1044,1045],{},"Bistecca alla griglia",[134,1047,1048],{},"Grilled steak",[116,1050,1051,1054],{},[134,1052,1053],{},"Pollo al forno",[134,1055,1056],{},"Baked chicken",[116,1058,1059,1062],{},[134,1060,1061],{},"Filetto di manzo",[134,1063,1064],{},"Beef fillet",[116,1066,1067,1070],{},[134,1068,1069],{},"Orata alla griglia",[134,1071,1072],{},"Grilled sea bream",[116,1074,1075,1078],{},[134,1076,1077],{},"Calamari fritti",[134,1079,1080],{},"Fried squid",[116,1082,1083,1086],{},[134,1084,1085],{},"Polpo con patate",[134,1087,1088],{},"Octopus with potatoes",[10,1090,1091,1092,373],{},"In many places, the secondo does not automatically come with vegetables or potatoes. If you want a side, look for ",[14,1093,33],{},[102,1095,1097],{"id":1096},"contorni-side-dishes","Contorni: side dishes",[10,1099,1100,1103],{},[14,1101,1102],{},"Contorni"," are side dishes.",[110,1105,1106,1114],{},[113,1107,1108],{},[116,1109,1110,1112],{},[119,1111,121],{},[119,1113,124],{},[129,1115,1116,1123,1129,1137,1145,1153,1161,1169,1175,1183,1191],{},[116,1117,1118,1120],{},[134,1119,63],{},[134,1121,1122],{},"Side dish",[116,1124,1125,1127],{},[134,1126,33],{},[134,1128,192],{},[116,1130,1131,1134],{},[134,1132,1133],{},"insalata",[134,1135,1136],{},"Salad",[116,1138,1139,1142],{},[134,1140,1141],{},"patate",[134,1143,1144],{},"Potatoes",[116,1146,1147,1150],{},[134,1148,1149],{},"patate al forno",[134,1151,1152],{},"Roasted potatoes",[116,1154,1155,1158],{},[134,1156,1157],{},"patatine fritte",[134,1159,1160],{},"French fries \u002F chips",[116,1162,1163,1166],{},[134,1164,1165],{},"verdure",[134,1167,1168],{},"Vegetables",[116,1170,1171,1173],{},[134,1172,540],{},[134,1174,543],{},[116,1176,1177,1180],{},[134,1178,1179],{},"spinaci",[134,1181,1182],{},"Spinach",[116,1184,1185,1188],{},[134,1186,1187],{},"fagioli",[134,1189,1190],{},"Beans",[116,1192,1193,1196],{},[134,1194,1195],{},"carciofi",[134,1197,1198],{},"Artichokes",[10,1200,570],{},[110,1202,1203,1211],{},[113,1204,1205],{},[116,1206,1207,1209],{},[119,1208,579],{},[119,1210,124],{},[129,1212,1213,1221,1228,1236],{},[116,1214,1215,1218],{},[134,1216,1217],{},"Insalata mista",[134,1219,1220],{},"Mixed salad",[116,1222,1223,1226],{},[134,1224,1225],{},"Patate al forno",[134,1227,1152],{},[116,1229,1230,1233],{},[134,1231,1232],{},"Verdure di stagione",[134,1234,1235],{},"Seasonal vegetables",[116,1237,1238,1241],{},[134,1239,1240],{},"Spinaci saltati",[134,1242,1243],{},"Sauteed spinach",[10,1245,1246,1247,373],{},"If you order a steak and want vegetables, do not assume they come with it. Add a ",[14,1248,63],{},[102,1250,1252],{"id":1251},"dolci-desserts","Dolci: desserts",[10,1254,1255,1258],{},[14,1256,1257],{},"Dolci"," means desserts.",[110,1260,1261,1269],{},[113,1262,1263],{},[116,1264,1265,1267],{},[119,1266,121],{},[119,1268,124],{},[129,1270,1271,1279,1285,1293,1301,1309,1317,1325,1333,1341,1349,1357],{},[116,1272,1273,1276],{},[134,1274,1275],{},"dolce",[134,1277,1278],{},"Dessert \u002F sweet",[116,1280,1281,1283],{},[134,1282,36],{},[134,1284,202],{},[116,1286,1287,1290],{},[134,1288,1289],{},"tiramisù",[134,1291,1292],{},"Tiramisu",[116,1294,1295,1298],{},[134,1296,1297],{},"panna cotta",[134,1299,1300],{},"Cooked cream dessert",[116,1302,1303,1306],{},[134,1304,1305],{},"gelato",[134,1307,1308],{},"Ice cream",[116,1310,1311,1314],{},[134,1312,1313],{},"sorbetto",[134,1315,1316],{},"Sorbet",[116,1318,1319,1322],{},[134,1320,1321],{},"torta",[134,1323,1324],{},"Cake \u002F tart",[116,1326,1327,1330],{},[134,1328,1329],{},"crostata",[134,1331,1332],{},"Tart",[116,1334,1335,1338],{},[134,1336,1337],{},"biscotti",[134,1339,1340],{},"Cookies \u002F biscuits",[116,1342,1343,1346],{},[134,1344,1345],{},"frutta",[134,1347,1348],{},"Fruit",[116,1350,1351,1354],{},[134,1352,1353],{},"caffè",[134,1355,1356],{},"Coffee",[116,1358,1359,1362],{},[134,1360,1361],{},"amaro",[134,1363,1364],{},"Bitter herbal digestif",[10,1366,570],{},[110,1368,1369,1377],{},[113,1370,1371],{},[116,1372,1373,1375],{},[119,1374,579],{},[119,1376,124],{},[129,1378,1379,1387,1395,1403],{},[116,1380,1381,1384],{},[134,1382,1383],{},"Tiramisù della casa",[134,1385,1386],{},"House tiramisu",[116,1388,1389,1392],{},[134,1390,1391],{},"Panna cotta ai frutti di bosco",[134,1393,1394],{},"Panna cotta with berries",[116,1396,1397,1400],{},[134,1398,1399],{},"Torta al cioccolato",[134,1401,1402],{},"Chocolate cake",[116,1404,1405,1408],{},[134,1406,1407],{},"Sorbetto al limone",[134,1409,1410],{},"Lemon sorbet",[10,1412,1413,1416],{},[14,1414,1415],{},"Della casa"," means \"of the house\" or house-made\u002Fhouse style.",[102,1418,1420],{"id":1419},"bevande-water-wine-and-drinks","Bevande: water, wine and drinks",[10,1422,1423,1426],{},[14,1424,1425],{},"Bevande"," means drinks.",[110,1428,1429,1437],{},[113,1430,1431],{},[116,1432,1433,1435],{},[119,1434,121],{},[119,1436,124],{},[129,1438,1439,1445,1453,1461,1469,1476,1484,1492,1500,1508,1516,1524,1532,1540],{},[116,1440,1441,1443],{},[134,1442,40],{},[134,1444,212],{},[116,1446,1447,1450],{},[134,1448,1449],{},"acqua",[134,1451,1452],{},"Water",[116,1454,1455,1458],{},[134,1456,1457],{},"acqua naturale",[134,1459,1460],{},"Still water",[116,1462,1463,1466],{},[134,1464,1465],{},"acqua frizzante",[134,1467,1468],{},"Sparkling water",[116,1470,1471,1474],{},[134,1472,1473],{},"acqua gassata",[134,1475,1468],{},[116,1477,1478,1481],{},[134,1479,1480],{},"vino",[134,1482,1483],{},"Wine",[116,1485,1486,1489],{},[134,1487,1488],{},"vino rosso",[134,1490,1491],{},"Red wine",[116,1493,1494,1497],{},[134,1495,1496],{},"vino bianco",[134,1498,1499],{},"White wine",[116,1501,1502,1505],{},[134,1503,1504],{},"vino della casa",[134,1506,1507],{},"House wine",[116,1509,1510,1513],{},[134,1511,1512],{},"calice",[134,1514,1515],{},"Glass of wine",[116,1517,1518,1521],{},[134,1519,1520],{},"bottiglia",[134,1522,1523],{},"Bottle",[116,1525,1526,1529],{},[134,1527,1528],{},"birra",[134,1530,1531],{},"Beer",[116,1533,1534,1537],{},[134,1535,1536],{},"bibite",[134,1538,1539],{},"Soft drinks",[116,1541,1542,1544],{},[134,1543,1353],{},[134,1545,1546],{},"Espresso \u002F coffee",[10,1548,570],{},[110,1550,1551,1559],{},[113,1552,1553],{},[116,1554,1555,1557],{},[119,1556,579],{},[119,1558,124],{},[129,1560,1561,1569,1576,1584],{},[116,1562,1563,1566],{},[134,1564,1565],{},"Acqua naturale 0,75 L",[134,1567,1568],{},"Still water, 0.75 liters",[116,1570,1571,1574],{},[134,1572,1573],{},"Acqua frizzante",[134,1575,1468],{},[116,1577,1578,1581],{},[134,1579,1580],{},"Vino della casa 1\u002F2 litro",[134,1582,1583],{},"Half liter of house wine",[116,1585,1586,1589],{},[134,1587,1588],{},"Calice di vino rosso",[134,1590,1591],{},"Glass of red wine",[10,1593,1594,1595,1597,1598,373],{},"In Italy, water is often bottled at restaurants. If you want still water, ask for ",[14,1596,1457],{},". If you want sparkling water, ask for ",[14,1599,1465],{},[102,1601,1603],{"id":1602},"cooking-words-grilled-baked-fried-raw","Cooking words: grilled, baked, fried, raw",[10,1605,1606],{},"Cooking words tell you what will actually arrive.",[110,1608,1609,1617],{},[113,1610,1611],{},[116,1612,1613,1615],{},[119,1614,121],{},[119,1616,124],{},[129,1618,1619,1626,1633,1640,1647,1655,1662,1669,1677,1684,1691,1699,1707],{},[116,1620,1621,1623],{},[134,1622,413],{},[134,1624,1625],{},"Grilled",[116,1627,1628,1631],{},[134,1629,1630],{},"grigliato",[134,1632,1625],{},[116,1634,1635,1637],{},[134,1636,410],{},[134,1638,1639],{},"Baked \u002F roasted",[116,1641,1642,1644],{},[134,1643,416],{},[134,1645,1646],{},"Fried",[116,1648,1649,1652],{},[134,1650,1651],{},"fritti",[134,1653,1654],{},"Fried, plural",[116,1656,1657,1659],{},[134,1658,419],{},[134,1660,1661],{},"Raw",[116,1663,1664,1666],{},[134,1665,422],{},[134,1667,1668],{},"Marinated",[116,1670,1671,1674],{},[134,1672,1673],{},"affumicato",[134,1675,1676],{},"Smoked",[116,1678,1679,1681],{},[134,1680,425],{},[134,1682,1683],{},"Stewed",[116,1685,1686,1688],{},[134,1687,428],{},[134,1689,1690],{},"Steamed",[116,1692,1693,1696],{},[134,1694,1695],{},"saltato",[134,1697,1698],{},"Sauteed",[116,1700,1701,1704],{},[134,1702,1703],{},"ripieno",[134,1705,1706],{},"Stuffed",[116,1708,1709,1712],{},[134,1710,1711],{},"gratinato",[134,1713,1714],{},"Baked with browned topping",[10,1716,570],{},[110,1718,1719,1727],{},[113,1720,1721],{},[116,1722,1723,1725],{},[119,1724,579],{},[119,1726,124],{},[129,1728,1729,1737,1744,1750,1758],{},[116,1730,1731,1734],{},[134,1732,1733],{},"Pesce al forno",[134,1735,1736],{},"Baked fish",[116,1738,1739,1742],{},[134,1740,1741],{},"Verdure alla griglia",[134,1743,543],{},[116,1745,1746,1748],{},[134,1747,1077],{},[134,1749,1080],{},[116,1751,1752,1755],{},[134,1753,1754],{},"Salmone affumicato",[134,1756,1757],{},"Smoked salmon",[116,1759,1760,1763],{},[134,1761,1762],{},"Pasta ripiena",[134,1764,1765],{},"Stuffed pasta",[10,1767,1768],{},"These words are especially useful if you are choosing between dishes with similar ingredients.",[102,1770,1772],{"id":1771},"sauces-and-ingredient-words","Sauces and ingredient words",[10,1774,1775,1776,24,1778,24,1780,24,1782,24,1784,24,1786,71,1789,373],{},"Italian menus often describe a dish by naming the ingredient after ",[14,1777,808],{},[14,1779,811],{},[14,1781,814],{},[14,1783,817],{},[14,1785,350],{},[14,1787,1788],{},"di",[14,1790,1791],{},"della",[110,1793,1794,1802],{},[113,1795,1796],{},[116,1797,1798,1800],{},[119,1799,121],{},[119,1801,124],{},[129,1803,1804,1812,1820,1828,1836,1844,1852,1860,1868,1876,1884,1892,1900,1908,1916],{},[116,1805,1806,1809],{},[134,1807,1808],{},"pomodoro",[134,1810,1811],{},"Tomato",[116,1813,1814,1817],{},[134,1815,1816],{},"ragù",[134,1818,1819],{},"Meat sauce",[116,1821,1822,1825],{},[134,1823,1824],{},"pesto",[134,1826,1827],{},"Basil-based sauce, usually with cheese and pine nuts",[116,1829,1830,1833],{},[134,1831,1832],{},"burro",[134,1834,1835],{},"Butter",[116,1837,1838,1841],{},[134,1839,1840],{},"salvia",[134,1842,1843],{},"Sage",[116,1845,1846,1849],{},[134,1847,1848],{},"funghi",[134,1850,1851],{},"Mushrooms",[116,1853,1854,1857],{},[134,1855,1856],{},"tartufo",[134,1858,1859],{},"Truffle",[116,1861,1862,1865],{},[134,1863,1864],{},"limone",[134,1866,1867],{},"Lemon",[116,1869,1870,1873],{},[134,1871,1872],{},"aglio",[134,1874,1875],{},"Garlic",[116,1877,1878,1881],{},[134,1879,1880],{},"olio",[134,1882,1883],{},"Oil",[116,1885,1886,1889],{},[134,1887,1888],{},"peperoncino",[134,1890,1891],{},"Chili pepper",[116,1893,1894,1897],{},[134,1895,1896],{},"formaggio",[134,1898,1899],{},"Cheese",[116,1901,1902,1905],{},[134,1903,1904],{},"pecorino",[134,1906,1907],{},"Sheep's milk cheese",[116,1909,1910,1913],{},[134,1911,1912],{},"parmigiano",[134,1914,1915],{},"Parmesan",[116,1917,1918,1921],{},[134,1919,1920],{},"panna",[134,1922,1923],{},"Cream",[10,1925,570],{},[110,1927,1928,1936],{},[113,1929,1930],{},[116,1931,1932,1934],{},[119,1933,579],{},[119,1935,124],{},[129,1937,1938,1946,1954,1962,1970],{},[116,1939,1940,1943],{},[134,1941,1942],{},"Ravioli burro e salvia",[134,1944,1945],{},"Ravioli with butter and sage",[116,1947,1948,1951],{},[134,1949,1950],{},"Tagliolini al tartufo",[134,1952,1953],{},"Thin pasta with truffle",[116,1955,1956,1959],{},[134,1957,1958],{},"Penne all'arrabbiata",[134,1960,1961],{},"Penne with spicy tomato sauce",[116,1963,1964,1967],{},[134,1965,1966],{},"Pasta aglio, olio e peperoncino",[134,1968,1969],{},"Pasta with garlic, oil and chili",[116,1971,1972,1975],{},[134,1973,1974],{},"Risotto ai funghi porcini",[134,1976,1977],{},"Risotto with porcini mushrooms",[10,1979,1980,1981,24,1983,24,1985,24,1987,24,1989,370,1991,373],{},"If you avoid dairy, pay attention to ",[14,1982,1832],{},[14,1984,1896],{},[14,1986,1904],{},[14,1988,1912],{},[14,1990,1920],{},[14,1992,1993],{},"ricotta",[102,1995,1997],{"id":1996},"pizza-menu-words","Pizza menu words",[10,1999,2000],{},"Pizzeria menus have their own rhythm.",[110,2002,2003,2011],{},[113,2004,2005],{},[116,2006,2007,2009],{},[119,2008,121],{},[119,2010,124],{},[129,2012,2013,2021,2029,2037,2043,2051,2059,2065,2071,2077,2083,2091,2099],{},[116,2014,2015,2018],{},[134,2016,2017],{},"pizza rossa",[134,2019,2020],{},"Pizza with tomato sauce",[116,2022,2023,2026],{},[134,2024,2025],{},"pizza bianca",[134,2027,2028],{},"Pizza without tomato sauce",[116,2030,2031,2034],{},[134,2032,2033],{},"mozzarella",[134,2035,2036],{},"Mozzarella",[116,2038,2039,2041],{},[134,2040,1808],{},[134,2042,1811],{},[116,2044,2045,2048],{},[134,2046,2047],{},"prosciutto cotto",[134,2049,2050],{},"Cooked ham",[116,2052,2053,2056],{},[134,2054,2055],{},"prosciutto crudo",[134,2057,2058],{},"Cured ham",[116,2060,2061,2063],{},[134,2062,1848],{},[134,2064,1851],{},[116,2066,2067,2069],{},[134,2068,967],{},[134,2070,970],{},[116,2072,2073,2075],{},[134,2074,1195],{},[134,2076,1198],{},[116,2078,2079,2081],{},[134,2080,532],{},[134,2082,535],{},[116,2084,2085,2088],{},[134,2086,2087],{},"bufala",[134,2089,2090],{},"Buffalo mozzarella",[116,2092,2093,2096],{},[134,2094,2095],{},"piccante",[134,2097,2098],{},"Spicy",[116,2100,2101,2104],{},[134,2102,2103],{},"vegetariana",[134,2105,2106],{},"Vegetarian",[10,2108,570],{},[110,2110,2111,2119],{},[113,2112,2113],{},[116,2114,2115,2117],{},[119,2116,579],{},[119,2118,124],{},[129,2120,2121,2129,2137,2145,2153],{},[116,2122,2123,2126],{},[134,2124,2125],{},"Margherita",[134,2127,2128],{},"Tomato, mozzarella, basil",[116,2130,2131,2134],{},[134,2132,2133],{},"Prosciutto e funghi",[134,2135,2136],{},"Ham and mushrooms",[116,2138,2139,2142],{},[134,2140,2141],{},"Quattro formaggi",[134,2143,2144],{},"Four cheeses",[116,2146,2147,2150],{},[134,2148,2149],{},"Diavola",[134,2151,2152],{},"Spicy salami pizza",[116,2154,2155,2158],{},[134,2156,2157],{},"Vegetariana",[134,2159,2160],{},"Vegetarian pizza",[10,2162,2163,2166],{},[14,2164,2165],{},"Bianca"," does not mean the pizza is plain. It usually means there is no tomato sauce.",[102,2168,2170],{"id":2169},"coperto-servizio-and-prices","Coperto, servizio and prices",[10,2172,2173],{},"The fine print on an Italian menu matters.",[110,2175,2176,2187],{},[113,2177,2178],{},[116,2179,2180,2182,2184],{},[119,2181,121],{},[119,2183,124],{},[119,2185,2186],{},"What to notice",[129,2188,2189,2198,2209,2218,2229,2240,2250,2260,2271,2281,2292],{},[116,2190,2191,2193,2195],{},[134,2192,70],{},[134,2194,288],{},[134,2196,2197],{},"Often per person",[116,2199,2200,2203,2206],{},[134,2201,2202],{},"pane e coperto",[134,2204,2205],{},"Bread and cover charge",[134,2207,2208],{},"May appear at bottom of menu",[116,2210,2211,2213,2215],{},[134,2212,74],{},[134,2214,298],{},[134,2216,2217],{},"May be included or added",[116,2219,2220,2223,2226],{},[134,2221,2222],{},"servizio incluso",[134,2224,2225],{},"Service included",[134,2227,2228],{},"No separate service charge",[116,2230,2231,2234,2237],{},[134,2232,2233],{},"servizio non incluso",[134,2235,2236],{},"Service not included",[134,2238,2239],{},"Check how it is handled",[116,2241,2242,2244,2247],{},[134,2243,443],{},[134,2245,2246],{},"Per person",[134,2248,2249],{},"Charge applies to each person",[116,2251,2252,2254,2257],{},[134,2253,440],{},[134,2255,2256],{},"Price per kilogram",[134,2258,2259],{},"Common with some fish or steak",[116,2261,2262,2265,2268],{},[134,2263,2264],{},"all'etto \u002F per etto",[134,2266,2267],{},"Per 100 grams",[134,2269,2270],{},"Important for weight-based food",[116,2272,2273,2275,2278],{},[134,2274,446],{},[134,2276,2277],{},"Drinks not included",[134,2279,2280],{},"Common on fixed menus",[116,2282,2283,2286,2289],{},[134,2284,2285],{},"menù fisso",[134,2287,2288],{},"Set menu",[134,2290,2291],{},"Fixed-price menu",[116,2293,2294,2297,2300],{},[134,2295,2296],{},"menù degustazione",[134,2298,2299],{},"Tasting menu",[134,2301,2302],{},"Multi-course tasting menu",[10,2304,570],{},[110,2306,2307,2315],{},[113,2308,2309],{},[116,2310,2311,2313],{},[119,2312,579],{},[119,2314,124],{},[129,2316,2317,2325,2333,2340,2348],{},[116,2318,2319,2322],{},[134,2320,2321],{},"Coperto €2,50",[134,2323,2324],{},"Cover charge: 2.50 euros per person",[116,2326,2327,2330],{},[134,2328,2329],{},"Pane e coperto €3",[134,2331,2332],{},"Bread and cover: 3 euros",[116,2334,2335,2338],{},[134,2336,2337],{},"Servizio incluso",[134,2339,2225],{},[116,2341,2342,2345],{},[134,2343,2344],{},"Bistecca alla fiorentina €65\u002Fkg",[134,2346,2347],{},"Florentine steak priced per kilogram",[116,2349,2350,2353],{},[134,2351,2352],{},"Menù fisso €18, bevande escluse",[134,2354,2355],{},"Set menu 18 euros, drinks not included",[10,2357,2358,2359,2361],{},"The ",[14,2360,70],{}," is not a dish. It is a table charge. If you see it at the bottom of the menu, factor it into the bill.",[102,2363,2365],{"id":2364},"allergens-and-dietary-words","Allergens and dietary words",[10,2367,2368],{},"If you have allergies, do not rely only on guessing from the dish name. Ask clearly.",[110,2370,2371,2379],{},[113,2372,2373],{},[116,2374,2375,2377],{},[119,2376,121],{},[119,2378,124],{},[129,2380,2381,2387,2395,2402,2410,2418,2424,2432,2440,2447,2455,2463,2471,2479,2487,2493,2501,2509,2517,2525,2533,2541],{},[116,2382,2383,2385],{},[134,2384,328],{},[134,2386,331],{},[116,2388,2389,2392],{},[134,2390,2391],{},"lista allergeni",[134,2393,2394],{},"Allergen list",[116,2396,2397,2399],{},[134,2398,81],{},[134,2400,2401],{},"Allergens available on request",[116,2403,2404,2407],{},[134,2405,2406],{},"contiene",[134,2408,2409],{},"Contains",[116,2411,2412,2415],{},[134,2413,2414],{},"può contenere",[134,2416,2417],{},"May contain",[116,2419,2420,2422],{},[134,2421,339],{},[134,2423,342],{},[116,2425,2426,2429],{},[134,2427,2428],{},"senza glutine",[134,2430,2431],{},"Gluten-free \u002F without gluten",[116,2433,2434,2437],{},[134,2435,2436],{},"senza lattosio",[134,2438,2439],{},"Lactose-free \u002F without lactose",[116,2441,2442,2445],{},[134,2443,2444],{},"vegetariano",[134,2446,2106],{},[116,2448,2449,2452],{},[134,2450,2451],{},"vegano",[134,2453,2454],{},"Vegan",[116,2456,2457,2460],{},[134,2458,2459],{},"frutta a guscio",[134,2461,2462],{},"Tree nuts",[116,2464,2465,2468],{},[134,2466,2467],{},"arachidi",[134,2469,2470],{},"Peanuts",[116,2472,2473,2476],{},[134,2474,2475],{},"latte",[134,2477,2478],{},"Milk",[116,2480,2481,2484],{},[134,2482,2483],{},"uova",[134,2485,2486],{},"Eggs",[116,2488,2489,2491],{},[134,2490,919],{},[134,2492,922],{},[116,2494,2495,2498],{},[134,2496,2497],{},"crostacei",[134,2499,2500],{},"Crustaceans",[116,2502,2503,2506],{},[134,2504,2505],{},"molluschi",[134,2507,2508],{},"Mollusks",[116,2510,2511,2514],{},[134,2512,2513],{},"sedano",[134,2515,2516],{},"Celery",[116,2518,2519,2522],{},[134,2520,2521],{},"senape",[134,2523,2524],{},"Mustard",[116,2526,2527,2530],{},[134,2528,2529],{},"sesamo",[134,2531,2532],{},"Sesame",[116,2534,2535,2538],{},[134,2536,2537],{},"soia",[134,2539,2540],{},"Soy",[116,2542,2543,2546],{},[134,2544,2545],{},"lupini",[134,2547,2548],{},"Lupin",[10,2550,2551],{},"Useful phrases:",[110,2553,2554,2563],{},[113,2555,2556],{},[116,2557,2558,2561],{},[119,2559,2560],{},"Italian phrase",[119,2562,124],{},[129,2564,2565,2573,2581,2589,2597,2605],{},[116,2566,2567,2570],{},[134,2568,2569],{},"Sono allergico\u002Fa a...",[134,2571,2572],{},"I am allergic to...",[116,2574,2575,2578],{},[134,2576,2577],{},"Contiene frutta a guscio?",[134,2579,2580],{},"Does it contain tree nuts?",[116,2582,2583,2586],{},[134,2584,2585],{},"È senza glutine?",[134,2587,2588],{},"Is it gluten-free?",[116,2590,2591,2594],{},[134,2592,2593],{},"Posso vedere la lista degli allergeni?",[134,2595,2596],{},"Can I see the allergen list?",[116,2598,2599,2602],{},[134,2600,2601],{},"C'è latte o burro?",[134,2603,2604],{},"Is there milk or butter?",[116,2606,2607,2610],{},[134,2608,2609],{},"C'è rischio di contaminazione?",[134,2611,2612],{},"Is there a risk of cross-contact?",[10,2614,2615],{},"EU food information rules cover 14 major allergens, and Italian restaurants may show allergen numbers, letters, symbols or a separate allergen list. If your allergy is serious, ask the staff directly and do not treat a translated menu as enough.",[102,2617,2619],{"id":2618},"how-to-read-a-sample-italian-menu","How to read a sample Italian menu",[10,2621,2622],{},"Imagine the menu says:",[110,2624,2625,2637],{},[113,2626,2627],{},[116,2628,2629,2632,2635],{},[119,2630,2631],{},"Section",[119,2633,2634],{},"Menu item",[119,2636,124],{},[129,2638,2639,2647,2655,2663,2671,2679,2687,2695],{},[116,2640,2641,2643,2645],{},[134,2642,458],{},[134,2644,588],{},[134,2646,591],{},[116,2648,2649,2651,2653],{},[134,2650,638],{},[134,2652,767],{},[134,2654,770],{},[116,2656,2657,2659,2661],{},[134,2658,638],{},[134,2660,1974],{},[134,2662,1977],{},[116,2664,2665,2667,2669],{},[134,2666,882],{},[134,2668,1069],{},[134,2670,1072],{},[116,2672,2673,2675,2677],{},[134,2674,1102],{},[134,2676,1225],{},[134,2678,1152],{},[116,2680,2681,2683,2685],{},[134,2682,1257],{},[134,2684,1383],{},[134,2686,1386],{},[116,2688,2689,2691,2693],{},[134,2690,1425],{},[134,2692,1573],{},[134,2694,1468],{},[116,2696,2697,2700,2702],{},[134,2698,2699],{},"Note",[134,2701,2321],{},[134,2703,2704],{},"Cover charge per person",[10,2706,2707],{},"Read it like this:",[10,2709,2710,2711,2713,2714,373],{},"First, choose the section. If you want pasta, look under ",[14,2712,27],{},". If you want fish as a main dish, look under ",[14,2715,30],{},[10,2717,2718,2719,2722,2723,2726,2727,2729],{},"Second, identify the ingredient. ",[14,2720,2721],{},"Vongole"," means clams, ",[14,2724,2725],{},"funghi porcini"," means porcini mushrooms, ",[14,2728,999],{}," means sea bream.",[10,2731,2732,2733,2736,2737,2739],{},"Third, check the preparation. ",[14,2734,2735],{},"Alla griglia"," means grilled, ",[14,2738,410],{}," means baked or roasted.",[10,2741,2742,2743,2745],{},"Fourth, scan the bottom. ",[14,2744,2321],{}," means the bill will include a cover charge.",[102,2747,2749],{"id":2748},"useful-ordering-phrases","Useful ordering phrases",[110,2751,2752,2760],{},[113,2753,2754],{},[116,2755,2756,2758],{},[119,2757,121],{},[119,2759,124],{},[129,2761,2762,2770,2778,2786,2794,2802,2810,2818,2826,2834],{},[116,2763,2764,2767],{},[134,2765,2766],{},"Vorrei...",[134,2768,2769],{},"I would like...",[116,2771,2772,2775],{},[134,2773,2774],{},"Prendo...",[134,2776,2777],{},"I'll take...",[116,2779,2780,2783],{},[134,2781,2782],{},"Per me...",[134,2784,2785],{},"For me...",[116,2787,2788,2791],{},[134,2789,2790],{},"Da bere?",[134,2792,2793],{},"To drink?",[116,2795,2796,2799],{},[134,2797,2798],{},"Acqua naturale, per favore.",[134,2800,2801],{},"Still water, please.",[116,2803,2804,2807],{},[134,2805,2806],{},"Acqua frizzante, per favore.",[134,2808,2809],{},"Sparkling water, please.",[116,2811,2812,2815],{},[134,2813,2814],{},"Un calice di vino rosso.",[134,2816,2817],{},"A glass of red wine.",[116,2819,2820,2823],{},[134,2821,2822],{},"Possiamo ordinare?",[134,2824,2825],{},"Can we order?",[116,2827,2828,2831],{},[134,2829,2830],{},"Il conto, per favore.",[134,2832,2833],{},"The bill, please.",[116,2835,2836,2839],{},[134,2837,2838],{},"Posso pagare con carta?",[134,2840,2841],{},"Can I pay by card?",[10,2843,2844,2845,2848],{},"You do not need a perfect sentence to order. A simple ",[14,2846,2847],{},"Vorrei gli spaghetti alle vongole, per favore"," is enough.",[102,2850,2852],{"id":2851},"common-mistakes-when-reading-italian-menus","Common mistakes when reading Italian menus",[110,2854,2855,2864],{},[113,2856,2857],{},[116,2858,2859,2862],{},[119,2860,2861],{},"Mistake",[119,2863,127],{},[129,2865,2866,2877,2889,2899,2908,2920,2930,2944,2952],{},[116,2867,2868,2874],{},[134,2869,2870,2871,2873],{},"Assuming ",[14,2872,27],{}," are appetizers",[134,2875,2876],{},"They are often pasta, risotto or soup",[116,2878,2879,2884],{},[134,2880,2870,2881,2883],{},[14,2882,30],{}," include sides",[134,2885,2886,2887],{},"Sides are often separate under ",[14,2888,33],{},[116,2890,2891,2896],{},[134,2892,2893,2894],{},"Missing ",[14,2895,70],{},[134,2897,2898],{},"It can add a per-person charge",[116,2900,2901,2905],{},[134,2902,2893,2903],{},[14,2904,440],{},[134,2906,2907],{},"Some fish or steak prices depend on weight",[116,2909,2910,2917],{},[134,2911,2912,2913,2916],{},"Thinking ",[14,2914,2915],{},"bianca"," pizza is plain",[134,2918,2919],{},"It usually means no tomato sauce",[116,2921,2922,2927],{},[134,2923,2870,2924,2926],{},[14,2925,1824],{}," is dairy-free",[134,2928,2929],{},"It often includes cheese and pine nuts",[116,2931,2932,2941],{},[134,2933,2934,2935,370,2938],{},"Confusing ",[14,2936,2937],{},"frizzante",[14,2939,2940],{},"naturale",[134,2942,2943],{},"One is sparkling, one is still",[116,2945,2946,2949],{},[134,2947,2948],{},"Treating translated tourist menus as complete",[134,2950,2951],{},"Original Italian wording may contain more detail",[116,2953,2954,2957],{},[134,2955,2956],{},"Ignoring allergen notes",[134,2958,2959],{},"The menu may use numbers, symbols or a separate list",[102,2961,2963],{"id":2962},"quick-checklist","Quick checklist",[10,2965,2966],{},"Before you order, make sure you can answer:",[46,2968,2969,2972,2975,2978,2981,2984,2987,2990,2995,2998],{},[49,2970,2971],{},"Which section am I ordering from?",[49,2973,2974],{},"Is this a starter, pasta\u002Frice dish, main protein, side, dessert or drink?",[49,2976,2977],{},"What is the main ingredient?",[49,2979,2980],{},"How is it cooked?",[49,2982,2983],{},"Does it include meat, fish, dairy, nuts, gluten or shellfish?",[49,2985,2986],{},"Are sides included?",[49,2988,2989],{},"Is the price per dish, per person or by weight?",[49,2991,2992,2993,75],{},"Is there ",[14,2994,70],{},[49,2996,2997],{},"Are drinks included or separate?",[49,2999,3000],{},"Do I need to ask for the allergen list?",[10,3002,3003],{},"If you can answer those questions, you can read the menu well enough to order with confidence.",[102,3005,3007],{"id":3006},"how-to-practice-italian-restaurant-vocabulary","How to practice Italian restaurant vocabulary",[10,3009,3010],{},"Menus are excellent reading practice because every word has a job.",[10,3012,3013],{},"Try this:",[46,3015,3016,3019,3022,3025,3028,3031],{},[49,3017,3018],{},"read the section heading first",[49,3020,3021],{},"pick one dish",[49,3023,3024],{},"identify the main ingredient",[49,3026,3027],{},"identify the cooking method",[49,3029,3030],{},"decide whether it is a starter, first course, second course or side",[49,3032,3033],{},"say what would arrive at the table",[10,3035,3036],{},"For example:",[10,3038,3039,3041],{},[14,3040,1069],{}," is not just \"sea bream grilled.\" It means, \"This is a second course, probably a grilled fish dish, and I may need a side.\"",[10,3043,3044,3046],{},[14,3045,799],{}," is not just \"ravioli ricotta spinach.\" It means, \"This is stuffed pasta with cheese and spinach, likely in the first-course section.\"",[10,3048,3049],{},"That is how restaurant vocabulary becomes usable.",[10,3051,3052,3053,3058],{},"If you want more short Italian reading practice, Lingovo's ",[3054,3055,3057],"a",{"href":3056},"\u002Flessons\u002Fitalian","Italian lessons"," use short stories with tap-to-translate vocabulary, line-by-line support and grammar in context.",[102,3060,3062],{"id":3061},"sources","Sources",[46,3064,3065,3073,3080,3087],{},[49,3066,3067],{},[3054,3068,3072],{"href":3069,"rel":3070},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.efsa.europa.eu\u002Fen\u002Fsafe2eat\u002Ffood-allergens",[3071],"nofollow","EFSA: Food allergens",[49,3074,3075],{},[3054,3076,3079],{"href":3077,"rel":3078},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.foodallergyitalia.org\u002Ftravelling-to-italy\u002F",[3071],"Food Allergy Italia: Travelling to Italy",[49,3081,3082],{},[3054,3083,3086],{"href":3084,"rel":3085},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.italia.it\u002Fit\u002Fmarche\u002Fsan-benedetto-del-tronto\u002Fdove-mangiare\u002Fristorante-chalet-stella",[3071],"Italia.it restaurant menu example",[49,3088,3089],{},[3054,3090,3093],{"href":3091,"rel":3092},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.treccani.it\u002Fvocabolario\u002Fricerca\u002Fprimo-piatto\u002F",[3071],"Treccani: primo piatto",[102,3095,3097],{"id":3096},"faq-italian-restaurant-menus","FAQ: Italian restaurant menus",[3099,3100,3102],"h3",{"id":3101},"what-are-antipasti-on-an-italian-menu","What are antipasti on an Italian menu?",[10,3104,3105,3107],{},[14,3106,458],{}," are starters or appetizers. They may include bruschetta, cured meats, cheeses, vegetables, seafood or small house plates.",[3099,3109,3111],{"id":3110},"what-are-primi","What are primi?",[10,3113,3114,3116],{},[14,3115,638],{}," are first courses. They are usually pasta, risotto, gnocchi, soup or another starch-based dish.",[3099,3118,3120],{"id":3119},"what-are-secondi","What are secondi?",[10,3122,3123,3125],{},[14,3124,882],{}," are second courses. They are often meat, fish, seafood or another main protein.",[3099,3127,3129],{"id":3128},"what-are-contorni","What are contorni?",[10,3131,3132,3134],{},[14,3133,1102],{}," are side dishes such as salad, potatoes, spinach, beans or seasonal vegetables.",[3099,3136,3138],{"id":3137},"what-does-coperto-mean-in-italy","What does coperto mean in Italy?",[10,3140,3141,3144],{},[14,3142,3143],{},"Coperto"," is a cover charge, usually listed on the menu and often charged per person.",[3099,3146,3148],{"id":3147},"what-does-servizio-mean-on-an-italian-menu","What does servizio mean on an Italian menu?",[10,3150,3151,3154],{},[14,3152,3153],{},"Servizio"," means service. A menu may say service is included, not included or added separately.",[3099,3156,3158],{"id":3157},"what-does-acqua-naturale-mean","What does acqua naturale mean?",[10,3160,3161,3164,3165,71,3167,3169],{},[14,3162,3163],{},"Acqua naturale"," means still water. ",[14,3166,1573],{},[14,3168,1473],{}," means sparkling water.",[3099,3171,3173],{"id":3172},"does-an-italian-secondo-include-side-dishes","Does an Italian secondo include side dishes?",[10,3175,3176,3177,373],{},"Not always. In many restaurants, side dishes are listed separately under ",[14,3178,33],{},[3099,3180,3182],{"id":3181},"what-does-prezzo-al-kg-mean","What does prezzo al kg mean?",[10,3184,3185,3188],{},[14,3186,3187],{},"Prezzo al kg"," means price per kilogram. You may see it for steak, fish or seafood sold by weight.",{"title":3190,"searchDepth":3191,"depth":3191,"links":3192},"",2,[3193,3194,3195,3196,3197,3198,3199,3200,3201,3202,3203,3204,3205,3206,3207,3208,3209,3210,3211,3212],{"id":104,"depth":3191,"text":105},{"id":376,"depth":3191,"text":377},{"id":452,"depth":3191,"text":453},{"id":632,"depth":3191,"text":633},{"id":876,"depth":3191,"text":877},{"id":1096,"depth":3191,"text":1097},{"id":1251,"depth":3191,"text":1252},{"id":1419,"depth":3191,"text":1420},{"id":1602,"depth":3191,"text":1603},{"id":1771,"depth":3191,"text":1772},{"id":1996,"depth":3191,"text":1997},{"id":2169,"depth":3191,"text":2170},{"id":2364,"depth":3191,"text":2365},{"id":2618,"depth":3191,"text":2619},{"id":2748,"depth":3191,"text":2749},{"id":2851,"depth":3191,"text":2852},{"id":2962,"depth":3191,"text":2963},{"id":3006,"depth":3191,"text":3007},{"id":3061,"depth":3191,"text":3062},{"id":3096,"depth":3191,"text":3097,"children":3213},[3214,3216,3217,3218,3219,3220,3221,3222,3223],{"id":3101,"depth":3215,"text":3102},3,{"id":3110,"depth":3215,"text":3111},{"id":3119,"depth":3215,"text":3120},{"id":3128,"depth":3215,"text":3129},{"id":3137,"depth":3215,"text":3138},{"id":3147,"depth":3215,"text":3148},{"id":3157,"depth":3215,"text":3158},{"id":3172,"depth":3215,"text":3173},{"id":3181,"depth":3215,"text":3182},"Learn how to read an Italian restaurant menu, including antipasti, primi, secondi, contorni, dolci, pasta shapes, cooking words, allergens, coperto and servizio.",null,"md",true,"en",{},"\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fhow-to-read-italian-restaurant-menu","2026-07-07",{"title":5,"description":3224},"Learn how to read Italian restaurant menus, including antipasti, primi, secondi, contorni, dolci, pasta names, cooking words, allergens, coperto and servizio.","How to Read an Italian Restaurant Menu: Antipasti to Coperto","how-to-read-italian-restaurant-menu","blog\u002Fen\u002Fhow-to-read-italian-restaurant-menu",[3238,3239,3240,3241,3242],"Italian restaurant menu","Italian food vocabulary","Italian travel vocabulary","Italian reading practice","Italy restaurant terms","EhdoyG8tYOUfkVxwjXIylMfImbH3EVEbiWe8uYczKcg",[3245,4339,7352],{"id":3246,"title":3247,"body":3248,"description":4322,"excerpt":3225,"extension":3226,"featured":3227,"locale":3228,"meta":4323,"navigation":3227,"path":4324,"publishedAt":4325,"seo":4326,"seoDescription":4327,"seoTitle":4328,"slug":4329,"stem":4330,"tags":4331,"targetLanguage":4337,"updatedAt":4325,"__hash__":4338},"blog\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fhow-to-start-reading-new-language-500-words.md","How to Start Reading in a New Language When You Only Know 500 Words",{"type":7,"value":3249,"toc":4292},[3250,3253,3256,3259,3262,3268,3271,3275,3278,3281,3284,3287,3290,3293,3296,3319,3322,3326,3329,3332,3361,3364,3367,3370,3373,3377,3380,3383,3409,3412,3415,3418,3422,3425,3428,3431,3434,3437,3491,3494,3532,3535,3539,3542,3545,3565,3568,3571,3575,3578,3581,3584,3590,3594,3597,3600,3617,3620,3623,3627,3630,3633,3636,3656,3659,3662,3666,3669,3672,3675,3692,3695,3699,3702,3705,3725,3728,3731,3735,3738,3820,3823,3826,3830,3833,3836,3862,3865,3868,3871,3875,3878,3881,3927,3930,3933,3937,3940,3943,3946,3964,3967,3970,3974,3977,3980,4002,4005,4031,4034,4042,4046,4049,4052,4054,4071,4074,4077,4080,4084,4087,4090,4110,4113,4116,4120,4123,4183,4186,4189,4193,4196,4198,4201,4204,4207,4210,4213,4216,4220,4224,4227,4231,4234,4238,4241,4245,4248,4252,4255,4259,4262,4266],[10,3251,3252],{},"If you only know about 500 words in a new language, reading can feel impossible. You open a normal article, a novel, a social post, or a menu and immediately run into a wall of unfamiliar words.",[10,3254,3255],{},"That does not mean you are not ready to read.",[10,3257,3258],{},"It means you are not ready to read everything.",[10,3260,3261],{},"With 500 useful words, you can start reading if the text is short, concrete, supported, and close to real life. The goal is not to read a newspaper comfortably. The goal is to use reading as a way to make your first words stronger, meet new words in context, and build enough confidence to keep going.",[10,3263,3264],{},[91,3265],{"alt":3266,"src":3267},"Start reading in a new language with 500 words","\u002Fblog\u002Fstart-reading-500-words-guide.svg",[10,3269,3270],{},"This guide shows you how to start reading in a new language when your vocabulary is still small, how many words to look up, what kind of text to choose, and what a realistic beginner reading session should look like.",[102,3272,3274],{"id":3273},"is-500-words-enough-to-start-reading","Is 500 words enough to start reading?",[10,3276,3277],{},"Yes, 500 words is enough to start reading simple, supported material.",[10,3279,3280],{},"No, 500 words is not enough to read most native material comfortably.",[10,3282,3283],{},"That distinction matters.",[10,3285,3286],{},"Vocabulary research often talks about how much word knowledge you need for easy, independent reading. Paul Nation's work on vocabulary size and text coverage is often cited because it shows that comfortable unassisted reading requires far more vocabulary than beginners usually have. The practical takeaway is simple: with 500 words, you should not expect normal books, news, or social media to feel easy yet.",[10,3288,3289],{},"But you can still read.",[10,3291,3292],{},"You just need reading material designed for your current stage.",[10,3294,3295],{},"At 500 words, your best reading is usually:",[46,3297,3298,3301,3304,3307,3310,3313,3316],{},[49,3299,3300],{},"short",[49,3302,3303],{},"predictable",[49,3305,3306],{},"about everyday situations",[49,3308,3309],{},"written with common words",[49,3311,3312],{},"supported with word meanings",[49,3314,3315],{},"easy enough to reread",[49,3317,3318],{},"connected to things you can picture",[10,3320,3321],{},"If the text gives you a clear scene, a small problem, repeated vocabulary, and help when you need it, 500 words can carry you much further than you think.",[102,3323,3325],{"id":3324},"what-500-words-can-actually-do","What 500 words can actually do",[10,3327,3328],{},"Five hundred words is not a magic fluency number. It is a starter toolkit.",[10,3330,3331],{},"With about 500 useful words, you may be able to understand parts of:",[46,3333,3334,3337,3340,3343,3346,3349,3352,3355,3358],{},[49,3335,3336],{},"greetings",[49,3338,3339],{},"food and drink situations",[49,3341,3342],{},"family descriptions",[49,3344,3345],{},"basic travel scenes",[49,3347,3348],{},"shopping and prices",[49,3350,3351],{},"simple daily routines",[49,3353,3354],{},"short messages",[49,3356,3357],{},"time, place, and direction words",[49,3359,3360],{},"common verbs like go, want, need, have, buy, see, make, read, and wait",[10,3362,3363],{},"That is enough for small stories.",[10,3365,3366],{},"For example, a beginner story about someone buying coffee can reuse words for want, small, table, morning, pay, wait, sit, friend, and drink. A story about missing a bus can reuse words for time, station, early, late, message, work, hurry, and again.",[10,3368,3369],{},"Those stories are not childish. They are focused.",[10,3371,3372],{},"The mistake is thinking beginner reading has to be either babyish or impossible. The sweet spot is simple text with adult situations: getting somewhere, buying something, solving a small problem, meeting someone, asking for help, making a choice.",[102,3374,3376],{"id":3375},"do-not-start-with-native-content-as-your-main-diet","Do not start with native content as your main diet",[10,3378,3379],{},"Native content is tempting because it feels authentic. But early on, it can be too dense to teach you much.",[10,3381,3382],{},"A normal article or novel may include:",[46,3384,3385,3388,3391,3394,3397,3400,3403,3406],{},[49,3386,3387],{},"rare vocabulary",[49,3389,3390],{},"idioms",[49,3392,3393],{},"cultural references",[49,3395,3396],{},"long sentences",[49,3398,3399],{},"grammar you have not met yet",[49,3401,3402],{},"abstract language",[49,3404,3405],{},"topic-specific words",[49,3407,3408],{},"sentence patterns that do not repeat often",[10,3410,3411],{},"If every line needs a dictionary, you are not really reading. You are decoding.",[10,3413,3414],{},"Decoding can be useful sometimes, but it is exhausting as a daily habit. At 500 words, your daily reading should usually come from easier material. Save native content for small tastes, curiosity, or motivation.",[10,3416,3417],{},"Your main reading should give you repeated success.",[102,3419,3421],{"id":3420},"choose-scenes-not-topics","Choose scenes, not topics",[10,3423,3424],{},"When you only know 500 words, \"topics\" can get too big.",[10,3426,3427],{},"\"Politics\" is too big.",[10,3429,3430],{},"\"Food\" is still too big.",[10,3432,3433],{},"\"A person orders soup, cannot find a table, and asks if the seat is free\" is the right size.",[10,3435,3436],{},"A good beginner reading scene has:",[110,3438,3439,3449],{},[113,3440,3441],{},[116,3442,3443,3446],{},[119,3444,3445],{},"Scene feature",[119,3447,3448],{},"Why it helps",[129,3450,3451,3459,3467,3475,3483],{},[116,3452,3453,3456],{},[134,3454,3455],{},"One main place",[134,3457,3458],{},"You can picture where everything happens",[116,3460,3461,3464],{},[134,3462,3463],{},"One or two people",[134,3465,3466],{},"You do not lose track of who is doing what",[116,3468,3469,3472],{},[134,3470,3471],{},"One small goal",[134,3473,3474],{},"The story has a reason to move forward",[116,3476,3477,3480],{},[134,3478,3479],{},"Repeated objects",[134,3481,3482],{},"Vocabulary comes back naturally",[116,3484,3485,3488],{},[134,3486,3487],{},"A clear ending",[134,3489,3490],{},"You can confirm the meaning of the whole text",[10,3492,3493],{},"Good first scenes include:",[46,3495,3496,3499,3502,3505,3508,3511,3514,3517,3520,3523,3526,3529],{},[49,3497,3498],{},"ordering coffee",[49,3500,3501],{},"buying bread",[49,3503,3504],{},"asking for directions",[49,3506,3507],{},"missing a bus",[49,3509,3510],{},"looking for keys",[49,3512,3513],{},"sending a short message",[49,3515,3516],{},"choosing food at a market",[49,3518,3519],{},"meeting a neighbor",[49,3521,3522],{},"arriving late",[49,3524,3525],{},"checking a train ticket",[49,3527,3528],{},"asking about rent",[49,3530,3531],{},"picking up medicine",[10,3533,3534],{},"These scenes work because they are concrete. You can understand from context even when you miss a few words.",[102,3536,3538],{"id":3537},"use-the-one-page-rule","Use the \"one-page rule\"",[10,3540,3541],{},"When you are beginning, one short page is better than ten pages you cannot finish.",[10,3543,3544],{},"A good first reading text might be:",[46,3546,3547,3550,3553,3556,3559,3562],{},[49,3548,3549],{},"80 to 180 words for A1",[49,3551,3552],{},"150 to 300 words for A2",[49,3554,3555],{},"one scene, not a full plot",[49,3557,3558],{},"short paragraphs",[49,3560,3561],{},"repeated vocabulary",[49,3563,3564],{},"no more than a few new grammar patterns",[10,3566,3567],{},"If you can finish the text, you can reread it. If you can reread it, you can feel progress.",[10,3569,3570],{},"That progress matters. Reading should not always feel like you are dragging yourself through mud.",[102,3572,3574],{"id":3573},"read-in-passes-not-in-one-perfect-attempt","Read in passes, not in one perfect attempt",[10,3576,3577],{},"The biggest beginner reading mistake is trying to understand everything on the first pass.",[10,3579,3580],{},"Do not do that.",[10,3582,3583],{},"Read the same text in several passes. Each pass has a different job.",[10,3585,3586],{},[91,3587],{"alt":3588,"src":3589},"A 20-minute reading routine for beginners","\u002Fblog\u002Fstart-reading-500-words-routine.svg",[102,3591,3593],{"id":3592},"pass-1-read-for-the-scene","Pass 1: read for the scene",[10,3595,3596],{},"Your first pass is not about perfect translation. It is about the basic situation.",[10,3598,3599],{},"Ask:",[46,3601,3602,3605,3608,3611,3614],{},[49,3603,3604],{},"Where is this happening?",[49,3606,3607],{},"Who is involved?",[49,3609,3610],{},"What is the person trying to do?",[49,3612,3613],{},"Is there a problem?",[49,3615,3616],{},"What changes by the end?",[10,3618,3619],{},"Skip small details if needed. Your only goal is to get the shape of the text.",[10,3621,3622],{},"If you understand 60 percent on the first pass, that can be enough as long as the scene is clear.",[102,3624,3626],{"id":3625},"pass-2-tap-or-look-up-the-blocking-words","Pass 2: tap or look up the blocking words",[10,3628,3629],{},"Now go back and solve the words that actually block meaning.",[10,3631,3632],{},"Do not look up every unknown word.",[10,3634,3635],{},"Look up words that:",[46,3637,3638,3641,3644,3647,3650,3653],{},[49,3639,3640],{},"repeat",[49,3642,3643],{},"carry the action",[49,3645,3646],{},"explain the problem",[49,3648,3649],{},"change the meaning of the sentence",[49,3651,3652],{},"seem useful in real life",[49,3654,3655],{},"appear in the title, ending, or important sentence",[10,3657,3658],{},"For a short beginner text, 3 to 7 lookups is a good target. If you need 25 lookups, the text is probably too hard for daily reading.",[10,3660,3661],{},"This is where word-level support helps. A full sentence translation can answer everything at once, but it can also pull your attention away from the target language. A word-level meaning lets you solve the one thing that is blocking you and stay inside the sentence.",[102,3663,3665],{"id":3664},"pass-3-reread-the-original-text","Pass 3: reread the original text",[10,3667,3668],{},"After checking the important words, reread the text in the language you are learning.",[10,3670,3671],{},"This step is easy to skip, but it is the step that turns lookup into learning.",[10,3673,3674],{},"When you reread, the sentence is no longer a mystery. You can notice:",[46,3676,3677,3680,3683,3686,3689],{},[49,3678,3679],{},"the word you just checked",[49,3681,3682],{},"the words around it",[49,3684,3685],{},"the grammar shape",[49,3687,3688],{},"the repeated phrase",[49,3690,3691],{},"the way the meaning fits the scene",[10,3693,3694],{},"That second reading is often where the text starts to feel like language instead of a puzzle.",[102,3696,3698],{"id":3697},"pass-4-save-only-the-words-worth-seeing-again","Pass 4: save only the words worth seeing again",[10,3700,3701],{},"You do not need to save every unknown word.",[10,3703,3704],{},"Save a word if it is:",[46,3706,3707,3710,3713,3716,3719,3722],{},[49,3708,3709],{},"common",[49,3711,3712],{},"useful",[49,3714,3715],{},"repeated in the text",[49,3717,3718],{},"tied to the main action",[49,3720,3721],{},"something you would want to say",[49,3723,3724],{},"part of a phrase you can reuse",[10,3726,3727],{},"Skip a word if it is rare, decorative, or not useful yet.",[10,3729,3730],{},"For one short reading session, saving 5 to 10 words is plenty. A smaller list that you actually review beats a giant list you abandon.",[102,3732,3734],{"id":3733},"a-realistic-20-minute-beginner-reading-session","A realistic 20-minute beginner reading session",[10,3736,3737],{},"Here is what a good session can look like when you only know 500 words.",[110,3739,3740,3753],{},[113,3741,3742],{},[116,3743,3744,3747,3750],{},[119,3745,3746],{},"Time",[119,3748,3749],{},"What to do",[119,3751,3752],{},"Goal",[129,3754,3755,3766,3777,3787,3798,3809],{},[116,3756,3757,3760,3763],{},[134,3758,3759],{},"2 minutes",[134,3761,3762],{},"Preview the title and vocabulary",[134,3764,3765],{},"Know the scene before you start",[116,3767,3768,3771,3774],{},[134,3769,3770],{},"5 minutes",[134,3772,3773],{},"Read once without stopping much",[134,3775,3776],{},"Understand the basic situation",[116,3778,3779,3781,3784],{},[134,3780,3770],{},[134,3782,3783],{},"Check 3 to 7 blocking words",[134,3785,3786],{},"Remove the biggest confusion",[116,3788,3789,3792,3795],{},[134,3790,3791],{},"4 minutes",[134,3793,3794],{},"Reread the same text",[134,3796,3797],{},"Make the language feel more familiar",[116,3799,3800,3803,3806],{},[134,3801,3802],{},"3 minutes",[134,3804,3805],{},"Save useful words or phrases",[134,3807,3808],{},"Keep what you want to meet again",[116,3810,3811,3814,3817],{},[134,3812,3813],{},"1 minute",[134,3815,3816],{},"Say or write the main idea",[134,3818,3819],{},"Confirm you understood the text",[10,3821,3822],{},"That is enough.",[10,3824,3825],{},"You do not need a marathon session. You need a repeatable session.",[102,3827,3829],{"id":3828},"what-should-you-read-first","What should you read first?",[10,3831,3832],{},"The best first reading material has support built into it.",[10,3834,3835],{},"Look for texts that include:",[46,3837,3838,3841,3844,3847,3850,3853,3856,3859],{},[49,3839,3840],{},"short story format",[49,3842,3843],{},"clear level labels",[49,3845,3846],{},"word-level meanings",[49,3848,3849],{},"sentence support when needed",[49,3851,3852],{},"audio if available",[49,3854,3855],{},"grammar notes tied to the text",[49,3857,3858],{},"review prompts",[49,3860,3861],{},"a short extension reading",[10,3863,3864],{},"This kind of reading lets you stay close to the language without feeling abandoned.",[10,3866,3867],{},"If you are using Lingovo, start with a short lesson in your language and level. Read the core text first, tap individual words that block the sentence, use the line-by-line support only when you need it, then reread the original text.",[10,3869,3870],{},"You can also use graded readers, textbook dialogues, beginner story collections, or carefully written short texts online. The key is not the format. The key is whether the text is readable enough to finish and useful enough to reread.",[102,3872,3874],{"id":3873},"how-hard-should-the-text-be","How hard should the text be?",[10,3876,3877],{},"The text should feel challenging, but not hopeless.",[10,3879,3880],{},"Use this quick test:",[110,3882,3883,3893],{},[113,3884,3885],{},[116,3886,3887,3890],{},[119,3888,3889],{},"If the text feels like this",[119,3891,3892],{},"What it means",[129,3894,3895,3903,3911,3919],{},[116,3896,3897,3900],{},[134,3898,3899],{},"You know almost every word",[134,3901,3902],{},"Good for speed and confidence",[116,3904,3905,3908],{},[134,3906,3907],{},"You miss a few important words",[134,3909,3910],{},"Good for learning",[116,3912,3913,3916],{},[134,3914,3915],{},"You miss something in every sentence",[134,3917,3918],{},"Probably too hard for daily reading",[116,3920,3921,3924],{},[134,3922,3923],{},"You cannot explain the scene",[134,3925,3926],{},"Definitely too hard right now",[10,3928,3929],{},"You want the middle zone: enough familiar language to keep meaning alive, enough new language to learn.",[10,3931,3932],{},"The Extensive Reading Foundation describes extensive reading as reading easy, enjoyable material with adequate comprehension. That idea matters for beginners. If the text is too hard, you stop reading enough volume to improve.",[102,3934,3936],{"id":3935},"what-if-you-keep-translating-in-your-head","What if you keep translating in your head?",[10,3938,3939],{},"At 500 words, some translation is normal.",[10,3941,3942],{},"The goal is not to forbid English from your mind. The goal is to stop English from becoming the only thing you remember.",[10,3944,3945],{},"Try this sequence:",[3947,3948,3949,3952,3955,3958,3961],"ol",{},[49,3950,3951],{},"Read the target-language sentence.",[49,3953,3954],{},"Guess the scene.",[49,3956,3957],{},"Tap or check only the blocking word.",[49,3959,3960],{},"Reread the target-language sentence.",[49,3962,3963],{},"Move on.",[10,3965,3966],{},"The reread is the important part. It gives your brain another chance to connect meaning directly to the new language.",[10,3968,3969],{},"If you check a translation and immediately leave the sentence, you may remember the English answer but not the original wording.",[102,3971,3973],{"id":3972},"how-to-learn-vocabulary-from-reading","How to learn vocabulary from reading",[10,3975,3976],{},"Vocabulary from reading sticks better when the word has a scene attached.",[10,3978,3979],{},"Instead of saving:",[110,3981,3982,3992],{},[113,3983,3984],{},[116,3985,3986,3989],{},[119,3987,3988],{},"Word",[119,3990,3991],{},"Translation",[129,3993,3994],{},[116,3995,3996,3999],{},[134,3997,3998],{},"esperar",[134,4000,4001],{},"to wait",[10,4003,4004],{},"Save:",[110,4006,4007,4019],{},[113,4008,4009],{},[116,4010,4011,4013,4016],{},[119,4012,3988],{},[119,4014,4015],{},"Sentence",[119,4017,4018],{},"Meaning here",[129,4020,4021],{},[116,4022,4023,4025,4028],{},[134,4024,3998],{},[134,4026,4027],{},"Ella espera el bus.",[134,4029,4030],{},"She waits for the bus.",[10,4032,4033],{},"The sentence gives the word a job. It shows the subject, the object, and the situation.",[10,4035,4036,4037,4041],{},"This is why ",[3054,4038,4040],{"href":4039},"\u002Fblog\u002Flearn-vocabulary-in-context","learning vocabulary in context"," is so useful. You are not memorizing a loose translation. You are remembering a word inside a moment.",[102,4043,4045],{"id":4044},"build-a-small-reading-shelf","Build a small reading shelf",[10,4047,4048],{},"At 500 words, do not bounce randomly between every topic.",[10,4050,4051],{},"Build a small shelf of related texts.",[10,4053,3036],{},[46,4055,4056,4059,4062,4065,4068],{},[49,4057,4058],{},"three cafe stories",[49,4060,4061],{},"three market stories",[49,4063,4064],{},"three train station stories",[49,4066,4067],{},"three apartment stories",[49,4069,4070],{},"three workday stories",[10,4072,4073],{},"Related texts repeat vocabulary naturally. That repetition helps you learn without forcing the same flashcard over and over.",[10,4075,4076],{},"If you read one story about ordering coffee, then another about choosing tea, then another about meeting a friend at a cafe, you keep seeing words for drink, want, table, pay, sit, wait, small, hot, cold, and friend.",[10,4078,4079],{},"That is exactly what you need.",[102,4081,4083],{"id":4082},"when-should-you-move-to-harder-reading","When should you move to harder reading?",[10,4085,4086],{},"Move up when your current texts start to feel smooth.",[10,4088,4089],{},"Good signs:",[46,4091,4092,4095,4098,4101,4104,4107],{},[49,4093,4094],{},"you understand the main idea on the first pass",[49,4096,4097],{},"you only tap a few words",[49,4099,4100],{},"you can reread without stopping constantly",[49,4102,4103],{},"repeated words feel familiar",[49,4105,4106],{},"the grammar notes confirm things you already noticed",[49,4108,4109],{},"you can summarize the story in one or two sentences",[10,4111,4112],{},"Do not move up just because you are bored once. Move up when the level is no longer doing much work.",[10,4114,4115],{},"Easy reading is not wasted reading. It builds speed, confidence, and automatic recognition.",[102,4117,4119],{"id":4118},"a-simple-30-day-plan","A simple 30-day plan",[10,4121,4122],{},"If you know around 500 words, try this for one month.",[110,4124,4125,4137],{},[113,4126,4127],{},[116,4128,4129,4132,4135],{},[119,4130,4131],{},"Days",[119,4133,4134],{},"Focus",[119,4136,3749],{},[129,4138,4139,4150,4161,4172],{},[116,4140,4141,4144,4147],{},[134,4142,4143],{},"1-7",[134,4145,4146],{},"Start tiny",[134,4148,4149],{},"Read one short text per day and save only 5 useful words",[116,4151,4152,4155,4158],{},[134,4153,4154],{},"8-14",[134,4156,4157],{},"Reread more",[134,4159,4160],{},"Reread yesterday's text before starting a new one",[116,4162,4163,4166,4169],{},[134,4164,4165],{},"15-21",[134,4167,4168],{},"Group scenes",[134,4170,4171],{},"Read several texts about the same situation",[116,4173,4174,4177,4180],{},[134,4175,4176],{},"22-30",[134,4178,4179],{},"Add review",[134,4181,4182],{},"Review saved words with the original sentence",[10,4184,4185],{},"By the end of the month, you may not feel fluent. That is fine.",[10,4187,4188],{},"You should feel more comfortable opening a short text, finding the scene, checking key words, and rereading without panic. That is the real beginning of reading.",[102,4190,4192],{"id":4191},"common-mistakes-to-avoid","Common mistakes to avoid",[10,4194,4195],{},"Do not start with texts that are too hard just because they are authentic.",[10,4197,3632],{},[10,4199,4200],{},"Do not save every word you look up.",[10,4202,4203],{},"Do not read once and immediately move on forever.",[10,4205,4206],{},"Do not treat translation as failure.",[10,4208,4209],{},"Do not measure progress only by how many new words you added.",[10,4211,4212],{},"The better measure is this: can you reread the same text more smoothly than before?",[10,4214,4215],{},"If yes, you are learning.",[102,4217,4219],{"id":4218},"faq-reading-with-500-words","FAQ: reading with 500 words",[3099,4221,4223],{"id":4222},"can-i-read-in-a-foreign-language-with-only-500-words","Can I read in a foreign language with only 500 words?",[10,4225,4226],{},"Yes, if you choose short, supported, beginner-friendly texts. You will not understand most native material comfortably yet, but you can begin reading simple scenes and stories.",[3099,4228,4230],{"id":4229},"what-should-i-read-first-in-a-new-language","What should I read first in a new language?",[10,4232,4233],{},"Start with short stories, dialogues, graded readers, or lessons about everyday scenes such as cafes, shops, stations, homes, messages, and simple plans.",[3099,4235,4237],{"id":4236},"how-many-words-should-i-look-up-while-reading","How many words should I look up while reading?",[10,4239,4240],{},"For a short beginner text, try looking up 3 to 7 important words. If you need to look up every sentence heavily, choose an easier text.",[3099,4242,4244],{"id":4243},"is-it-bad-to-use-translations-while-reading","Is it bad to use translations while reading?",[10,4246,4247],{},"No. Translation can help when it supports the target-language sentence. The key is to reread the original sentence after checking the meaning.",[3099,4249,4251],{"id":4250},"should-i-use-flashcards-or-reading","Should I use flashcards or reading?",[10,4253,4254],{},"Use both, but let reading lead. Meet words in context first, then review the most useful words with their original sentence.",[3099,4256,4258],{"id":4257},"how-long-should-a-beginner-reading-session-be","How long should a beginner reading session be?",[10,4260,4261],{},"Ten to twenty minutes is enough. A short session you repeat daily is better than one exhausting session that makes you avoid reading.",[102,4263,4265],{"id":4264},"sources-and-further-reading","Sources and further reading",[46,4267,4268,4276,4284],{},[49,4269,4270,4271],{},"Paul Nation, ",[3054,4272,4275],{"href":4273,"rel":4274},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.lextutor.ca\u002Fcover\u002Fpapers\u002Fnation_2006.pdf",[3071],"\"How Large a Vocabulary Is Needed For Reading and Listening?\"",[49,4277,4278,4279],{},"ACTFL, ",[3054,4280,4283],{"href":4281,"rel":4282},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.actfl.org\u002Fproficiency-guidelines-overview",[3071],"Proficiency Guidelines Overview",[49,4285,4286,4287],{},"Extensive Reading Foundation, ",[3054,4288,4291],{"href":4289,"rel":4290},"https:\u002F\u002Ferfoundation.org\u002Fguide\u002FERF_Guide.pdf",[3071],"Guide to Extensive Reading",{"title":3190,"searchDepth":3191,"depth":3191,"links":4293},[4294,4295,4296,4297,4298,4299,4300,4301,4302,4303,4304,4305,4306,4307,4308,4309,4310,4311,4312,4313,4321],{"id":3273,"depth":3191,"text":3274},{"id":3324,"depth":3191,"text":3325},{"id":3375,"depth":3191,"text":3376},{"id":3420,"depth":3191,"text":3421},{"id":3537,"depth":3191,"text":3538},{"id":3573,"depth":3191,"text":3574},{"id":3592,"depth":3191,"text":3593},{"id":3625,"depth":3191,"text":3626},{"id":3664,"depth":3191,"text":3665},{"id":3697,"depth":3191,"text":3698},{"id":3733,"depth":3191,"text":3734},{"id":3828,"depth":3191,"text":3829},{"id":3873,"depth":3191,"text":3874},{"id":3935,"depth":3191,"text":3936},{"id":3972,"depth":3191,"text":3973},{"id":4044,"depth":3191,"text":4045},{"id":4082,"depth":3191,"text":4083},{"id":4118,"depth":3191,"text":4119},{"id":4191,"depth":3191,"text":4192},{"id":4218,"depth":3191,"text":4219,"children":4314},[4315,4316,4317,4318,4319,4320],{"id":4222,"depth":3215,"text":4223},{"id":4229,"depth":3215,"text":4230},{"id":4236,"depth":3215,"text":4237},{"id":4243,"depth":3215,"text":4244},{"id":4250,"depth":3215,"text":4251},{"id":4257,"depth":3215,"text":4258},{"id":4264,"depth":3191,"text":4265},"Learn how to start reading in a new language with only 500 words by choosing short texts, using context, limiting lookups, rereading, and saving useful vocabulary.",{},"\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fhow-to-start-reading-new-language-500-words","2026-07-06",{"title":3247,"description":4322},"Learn how to start reading in a new language when you only know 500 words, with beginner reading strategies, supported texts, context clues and rereading.","How to Start Reading in a New Language With 500 Words","how-to-start-reading-new-language-500-words","blog\u002Fen\u002Fhow-to-start-reading-new-language-500-words",[4332,4333,4334,4335,4336],"beginner language learning","reading practice","vocabulary in context","comprehensible input","language learning through stories","Multilingual","gkKMlbkicxbFhZLqWNEtlYVNJfzKxqXh_MZtUerLBHY",{"id":4340,"title":4341,"body":4342,"description":7336,"excerpt":3225,"extension":3226,"featured":3227,"locale":3228,"meta":7337,"navigation":3227,"path":7338,"publishedAt":7339,"seo":7340,"seoDescription":7341,"seoTitle":7342,"slug":7343,"stem":7344,"tags":7345,"targetLanguage":4468,"updatedAt":7339,"__hash__":7351},"blog\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fhow-to-read-korean-cafe-menu.md","How to Read a Korean Cafe Menu: 아메리카노, 라떼, 아이스, 샷 추가 and 포장",{"type":7,"value":4343,"toc":7308},[4344,4354,4357,4360,4363,4438,4441,4447,4450,4453,4457,4460,4887,4905,4907,4910,4916,4924,4941,4959,4965,4982,4999,5003,5006,5098,5100,5153,5166,5170,5173,5302,5304,5348,5357,5361,5366,5540,5542,5588,5601,5605,5608,5673,5675,5717,5725,5729,5735,5826,5828,5864,5867,5871,5877,5994,5996,6045,6056,6060,6063,6179,6182,6234,6237,6241,6244,6406,6408,6450,6455,6459,6462,6568,6570,6615,6624,6628,6631,6783,6785,6842,6848,6852,6855,6945,6955,6959,6962,7049,7052,7057,7060,7064,7154,7156,7158,7193,7197,7201,7208,7212,7220,7224,7229,7233,7238,7242,7250,7254,7259,7263,7276,7278],[10,4345,12,4346,4349,4350,4353],{},[14,4347,4348],{},"how to read a Korean cafe menu",", the hard part is usually not the word ",[14,4351,4352],{},"coffee",". A lot of menu items are borrowed from English: latte, mocha, vanilla, ade, smoothie, decaf.",[10,4355,4356],{},"The hard part is the compact menu format.",[10,4358,4359],{},"A Korean cafe menu can show drink sections, hot and iced prices, sizes, extra shots, milk changes, syrup, decaf, takeout, dine-in, kiosk prompts, dessert names and pickup instructions in a few short lines.",[10,4361,4362],{},"Start with the questions that matter most:",[46,4364,4365,4374,4377,4389,4392,4398,4404,4413,4428,4431],{},[49,4366,4367,4368,71,4371,75],{},"Is the drink ",[14,4369,4370],{},"HOT",[14,4372,4373],{},"ICE",[49,4375,4376],{},"Is it coffee, non-coffee, tea, ade, smoothie or dessert?",[49,4378,4379,4380,24,4383,71,4386,75],{},"Is the price written as ",[14,4381,4382],{},"4.5",[14,4384,4385],{},"4,500",[14,4387,4388],{},"4500",[49,4390,4391],{},"Does iced cost more than hot?",[49,4393,4394,4395,75],{},"Can you add a shot: ",[14,4396,4397],{},"샷 추가",[49,4399,4400,4401,75],{},"Can you choose decaf: ",[14,4402,4403],{},"디카페인",[49,4405,4406,4407,71,4410,75],{},"Are there milk options like ",[14,4408,4409],{},"오트밀크",[14,4411,4412],{},"두유",[49,4414,4415,4416,24,4419,24,4422,71,4425,75],{},"Does the menu say ",[14,4417,4418],{},"포장",[14,4420,4421],{},"테이크아웃",[14,4423,4424],{},"매장",[14,4426,4427],{},"드시고 가세요",[49,4429,4430],{},"Are you ordering at a counter or kiosk?",[49,4432,4433,4434,4437],{},"Does the cafe give you a ",[14,4435,4436],{},"진동벨"," for pickup?",[10,4439,4440],{},"Once you know the main Korean cafe words, a menu board stops feeling like a wall of similar-looking drink names.",[10,4442,4443],{},[91,4444],{"alt":4445,"src":4446},"Korean cafe menu guide","\u002Fblog\u002Fkorean-cafe-menu-guide.svg",[10,4448,4449],{},"This guide explains the Korean cafe menu words you are most likely to see in coffee shops, bakery cafes, dessert cafes, chain cafes, independent cafes, kiosks and takeout counters in Korea.",[10,4451,4452],{},"This article is for reading and vocabulary help. Menus vary by cafe, so use the words here as a practical reading map, not a promise that every shop writes things the same way.",[102,4454,4456],{"id":4455},"the-most-important-korean-cafe-menu-words","The most important Korean cafe menu words",[10,4458,4459],{},"Start with these words. They carry most cafe menus.",[110,4461,4462,4476],{},[113,4463,4464],{},[116,4465,4466,4469,4472,4474],{},[119,4467,4468],{},"Korean",[119,4470,4471],{},"Romanization",[119,4473,124],{},[119,4475,127],{},[129,4477,4478,4491,4505,4518,4532,4546,4560,4574,4588,4602,4616,4630,4644,4658,4672,4686,4700,4714,4728,4742,4756,4769,4783,4797,4810,4823,4836,4848,4861,4874],{},[116,4479,4480,4483,4486,4488],{},[134,4481,4482],{},"메뉴",[134,4484,4485],{},"menyu",[134,4487,139],{},[134,4489,4490],{},"General menu word",[116,4492,4493,4496,4499,4502],{},[134,4494,4495],{},"음료",[134,4497,4498],{},"eumryo",[134,4500,4501],{},"Drink \u002F beverage",[134,4503,4504],{},"Drink section",[116,4506,4507,4510,4513,4515],{},[134,4508,4509],{},"커피",[134,4511,4512],{},"keopi",[134,4514,1356],{},[134,4516,4517],{},"Coffee drinks",[116,4519,4520,4523,4526,4529],{},[134,4521,4522],{},"논커피",[134,4524,4525],{},"non-keopi",[134,4527,4528],{},"Non-coffee",[134,4530,4531],{},"Drinks without coffee",[116,4533,4534,4537,4540,4543],{},[134,4535,4536],{},"티",[134,4538,4539],{},"ti",[134,4541,4542],{},"Tea",[134,4544,4545],{},"Tea section",[116,4547,4548,4551,4554,4557],{},[134,4549,4550],{},"에이드",[134,4552,4553],{},"eideu",[134,4555,4556],{},"Ade \u002F fruit soda drink",[134,4558,4559],{},"Cold fruit drink category",[116,4561,4562,4565,4568,4571],{},[134,4563,4564],{},"스무디",[134,4566,4567],{},"seumudi",[134,4569,4570],{},"Smoothie",[134,4572,4573],{},"Blended drink",[116,4575,4576,4579,4582,4585],{},[134,4577,4578],{},"디저트",[134,4580,4581],{},"dijeoteu",[134,4583,4584],{},"Dessert",[134,4586,4587],{},"Cakes, cookies, pastries",[116,4589,4590,4593,4596,4599],{},[134,4591,4592],{},"베이커리",[134,4594,4595],{},"beikeori",[134,4597,4598],{},"Bakery",[134,4600,4601],{},"Bread and pastry section",[116,4603,4604,4607,4610,4613],{},[134,4605,4606],{},"아메리카노",[134,4608,4609],{},"amerikano",[134,4611,4612],{},"Americano",[134,4614,4615],{},"Common black coffee",[116,4617,4618,4621,4624,4627],{},[134,4619,4620],{},"카페라떼",[134,4622,4623],{},"kape latte",[134,4625,4626],{},"Cafe latte",[134,4628,4629],{},"Coffee with milk",[116,4631,4632,4635,4638,4641],{},[134,4633,4634],{},"바닐라라떼",[134,4636,4637],{},"banilla latte",[134,4639,4640],{},"Vanilla latte",[134,4642,4643],{},"Latte with vanilla syrup",[116,4645,4646,4649,4652,4655],{},[134,4647,4648],{},"카페모카",[134,4650,4651],{},"kape moka",[134,4653,4654],{},"Cafe mocha",[134,4656,4657],{},"Chocolate coffee drink",[116,4659,4660,4663,4666,4669],{},[134,4661,4662],{},"콜드브루",[134,4664,4665],{},"koldeu beuru",[134,4667,4668],{},"Cold brew",[134,4670,4671],{},"Cold brewed coffee",[116,4673,4674,4677,4680,4683],{},[134,4675,4676],{},"아이스",[134,4678,4679],{},"aiseu",[134,4681,4682],{},"Iced",[134,4684,4685],{},"Cold drink",[116,4687,4688,4691,4694,4697],{},[134,4689,4690],{},"따뜻한",[134,4692,4693],{},"ttatteutan",[134,4695,4696],{},"Hot \u002F warm",[134,4698,4699],{},"Hot drink wording",[116,4701,4702,4705,4708,4711],{},[134,4703,4704],{},"핫",[134,4706,4707],{},"hat",[134,4709,4710],{},"Hot",[134,4712,4713],{},"Often paired with ICE\u002FHOT",[116,4715,4716,4719,4722,4725],{},[134,4717,4718],{},"사이즈",[134,4720,4721],{},"saijeu",[134,4723,4724],{},"Size",[134,4726,4727],{},"Drink size",[116,4729,4730,4733,4736,4739],{},[134,4731,4732],{},"가격",[134,4734,4735],{},"gagyeok",[134,4737,4738],{},"Price",[134,4740,4741],{},"Menu price",[116,4743,4744,4747,4750,4753],{},[134,4745,4746],{},"샷",[134,4748,4749],{},"syat",[134,4751,4752],{},"Espresso shot",[134,4754,4755],{},"Coffee strength\u002Fadd-on",[116,4757,4758,4760,4763,4766],{},[134,4759,4397],{},[134,4761,4762],{},"syat chuga",[134,4764,4765],{},"Extra shot",[134,4767,4768],{},"Add espresso",[116,4770,4771,4774,4777,4780],{},[134,4772,4773],{},"시럽",[134,4775,4776],{},"sireop",[134,4778,4779],{},"Syrup",[134,4781,4782],{},"Sweetener\u002Fflavor",[116,4784,4785,4788,4791,4794],{},[134,4786,4787],{},"휘핑",[134,4789,4790],{},"hwiping",[134,4792,4793],{},"Whipped cream",[134,4795,4796],{},"Topping",[116,4798,4799,4801,4804,4807],{},[134,4800,4403],{},[134,4802,4803],{},"dikapein",[134,4805,4806],{},"Decaf",[134,4808,4809],{},"Less caffeine option",[116,4811,4812,4815,4818,4820],{},[134,4813,4814],{},"우유",[134,4816,4817],{},"uyu",[134,4819,2478],{},[134,4821,4822],{},"Milk ingredient",[116,4824,4825,4827,4830,4833],{},[134,4826,4412],{},[134,4828,4829],{},"duyu",[134,4831,4832],{},"Soy milk",[134,4834,4835],{},"Milk alternative",[116,4837,4838,4840,4843,4846],{},[134,4839,4409],{},[134,4841,4842],{},"oteu milkeu",[134,4844,4845],{},"Oat milk",[134,4847,4835],{},[116,4849,4850,4852,4855,4858],{},[134,4851,4418],{},[134,4853,4854],{},"pojang",[134,4856,4857],{},"Takeout \u002F to go",[134,4859,4860],{},"Take away",[116,4862,4863,4865,4868,4871],{},[134,4864,4424],{},[134,4866,4867],{},"maejang",[134,4869,4870],{},"In store \u002F dine in",[134,4872,4873],{},"Drink here",[116,4875,4876,4878,4881,4884],{},[134,4877,4436],{},[134,4879,4880],{},"jindongbel",[134,4882,4883],{},"Pager \u002F buzzer",[134,4885,4886],{},"Pickup buzzer",[10,4888,4889,4890,24,4892,24,4895,24,4897,24,4899,24,4901,370,4903,373],{},"If you only remember seven terms, remember ",[14,4891,4606],{},[14,4893,4894],{},"라떼",[14,4896,4676],{},[14,4898,4690],{},[14,4900,4397],{},[14,4902,4418],{},[14,4904,4424],{},[102,4906,377],{"id":376},[10,4908,4909],{},"Do not start by translating every drink name. Read the menu like someone trying to place an order.",[10,4911,4912],{},[91,4913],{"alt":4914,"src":4915},"Korean cafe menu reading order","\u002Fblog\u002Fkorean-cafe-menu-reading-order.svg",[10,4917,4918,4919,370,4921,4923],{},"First, check whether the menu separates ",[14,4920,4370],{},[14,4922,4373],{},". Many Korean cafe menus list two prices, with iced sometimes costing more.",[10,4925,4926,4927,24,4929,24,4931,24,4933,24,4935,24,4937,71,4939,373],{},"Second, find the drink category: ",[14,4928,4509],{},[14,4930,4522],{},[14,4932,4536],{},[14,4934,4550],{},[14,4936,4564],{},[14,4938,4578],{},[14,4940,4592],{},[10,4942,4943,4944,24,4946,24,4948,24,4950,24,4953,24,4956,373],{},"Third, read the drink name: ",[14,4945,4606],{},[14,4947,4620],{},[14,4949,4634],{},[14,4951,4952],{},"말차라떼",[14,4954,4955],{},"초코라떼",[14,4957,4958],{},"자몽에이드",[10,4960,4961,4962,4964],{},"Fourth, check size and price. A menu that says ",[14,4963,4382],{}," usually means 4,500 won.",[10,4966,4967,4968,24,4970,24,4973,24,4976,24,4979,373],{},"Fifth, scan add-ons and changes: ",[14,4969,4397],{},[14,4971,4972],{},"시럽 추가",[14,4974,4975],{},"휘핑 추가",[14,4977,4978],{},"디카페인 변경",[14,4980,4981],{},"오트밀크 변경",[10,4983,4984,4985,24,4987,24,4989,24,4991,24,4993,24,4996,373],{},"Sixth, read ordering and pickup wording: ",[14,4986,4424],{},[14,4988,4418],{},[14,4990,4421],{},[14,4992,4436],{},[14,4994,4995],{},"주문번호",[14,4997,4998],{},"픽업대",[102,5000,5002],{"id":5001},"hot-ice-아이스-and-따뜻한","HOT, ICE, 아이스 and 따뜻한",[10,5004,5005],{},"Temperature is one of the first choices you make.",[110,5007,5008,5019],{},[113,5009,5010],{},[116,5011,5012,5015,5017],{},[119,5013,5014],{},"Korean \u002F menu word",[119,5016,4471],{},[119,5018,124],{},[129,5020,5021,5030,5039,5047,5055,5065,5076,5087],{},[116,5022,5023,5025,5028],{},[134,5024,4370],{},[134,5026,5027],{},"hot",[134,5029,4710],{},[116,5031,5032,5034,5037],{},[134,5033,4373],{},[134,5035,5036],{},"ice",[134,5038,4682],{},[116,5040,5041,5043,5045],{},[134,5042,4676],{},[134,5044,4679],{},[134,5046,4682],{},[116,5048,5049,5051,5053],{},[134,5050,4690],{},[134,5052,4693],{},[134,5054,4696],{},[116,5056,5057,5060,5063],{},[134,5058,5059],{},"뜨거운",[134,5061,5062],{},"tteugeoun",[134,5064,4710],{},[116,5066,5067,5070,5073],{},[134,5068,5069],{},"차가운",[134,5071,5072],{},"chagaun",[134,5074,5075],{},"Cold",[116,5077,5078,5081,5084],{},[134,5079,5080],{},"따뜻하게",[134,5082,5083],{},"ttatteutage",[134,5085,5086],{},"Make it hot\u002Fwarm",[116,5088,5089,5092,5095],{},[134,5090,5091],{},"차갑게",[134,5093,5094],{},"chagapge",[134,5096,5097],{},"Make it cold",[10,5099,570],{},[110,5101,5102,5111],{},[113,5103,5104],{},[116,5105,5106,5109],{},[119,5107,5108],{},"Menu or order says",[119,5110,124],{},[129,5112,5113,5121,5129,5137,5145],{},[116,5114,5115,5118],{},[134,5116,5117],{},"아이스 아메리카노",[134,5119,5120],{},"Iced Americano",[116,5122,5123,5126],{},[134,5124,5125],{},"따뜻한 아메리카노",[134,5127,5128],{},"Hot Americano",[116,5130,5131,5134],{},[134,5132,5133],{},"카페라떼 HOT 5.0 \u002F ICE 5.5",[134,5135,5136],{},"Hot latte 5,000 won \u002F iced latte 5,500 won",[116,5138,5139,5142],{},[134,5140,5141],{},"아이스로 가능",[134,5143,5144],{},"Available iced",[116,5146,5147,5150],{},[134,5148,5149],{},"핫만 가능",[134,5151,5152],{},"Hot only",[10,5154,5155,5156,5158,5159,5162,5163,373],{},"In casual speech, ",[14,5157,5117],{}," is often shortened to ",[14,5160,5161],{},"아아",", but a menu will usually use the full form or ",[14,5164,5165],{},"ICE 아메리카노",[102,5167,5169],{"id":5168},"coffee-drinks-아메리카노-라떼-모카","Coffee drinks: 아메리카노, 라떼, 모카",[10,5171,5172],{},"Many Korean coffee drink names are loanwords, but they are written in Hangul.",[110,5174,5175,5185],{},[113,5176,5177],{},[116,5178,5179,5181,5183],{},[119,5180,4468],{},[119,5182,4471],{},[119,5184,124],{},[129,5186,5187,5195,5206,5214,5223,5231,5239,5250,5261,5269,5280,5291],{},[116,5188,5189,5191,5193],{},[134,5190,4606],{},[134,5192,4609],{},[134,5194,4612],{},[116,5196,5197,5200,5203],{},[134,5198,5199],{},"에스프레소",[134,5201,5202],{},"eseupeureso",[134,5204,5205],{},"Espresso",[116,5207,5208,5210,5212],{},[134,5209,4620],{},[134,5211,4623],{},[134,5213,4626],{},[116,5215,5216,5218,5220],{},[134,5217,4894],{},[134,5219,2475],{},[134,5221,5222],{},"Latte",[116,5224,5225,5227,5229],{},[134,5226,4634],{},[134,5228,4637],{},[134,5230,4640],{},[116,5232,5233,5235,5237],{},[134,5234,4648],{},[134,5236,4651],{},[134,5238,4654],{},[116,5240,5241,5244,5247],{},[134,5242,5243],{},"카라멜마키아토",[134,5245,5246],{},"karamel makiato",[134,5248,5249],{},"Caramel macchiato",[116,5251,5252,5255,5258],{},[134,5253,5254],{},"카푸치노",[134,5256,5257],{},"kapuchino",[134,5259,5260],{},"Cappuccino",[116,5262,5263,5265,5267],{},[134,5264,4662],{},[134,5266,4665],{},[134,5268,4668],{},[116,5270,5271,5274,5277],{},[134,5272,5273],{},"더치커피",[134,5275,5276],{},"deochi keopi",[134,5278,5279],{},"Dutch coffee \u002F cold brew style",[116,5281,5282,5285,5288],{},[134,5283,5284],{},"아인슈페너",[134,5286,5287],{},"ainshupeneo",[134,5289,5290],{},"Einspanner \u002F cream coffee",[116,5292,5293,5296,5299],{},[134,5294,5295],{},"크림라떼",[134,5297,5298],{},"keurim latte",[134,5300,5301],{},"Cream latte",[10,5303,570],{},[110,5305,5306,5314],{},[113,5307,5308],{},[116,5309,5310,5312],{},[119,5311,579],{},[119,5313,124],{},[129,5315,5316,5324,5332,5340],{},[116,5317,5318,5321],{},[134,5319,5320],{},"아메리카노 4.5",[134,5322,5323],{},"Americano, 4,500 won",[116,5325,5326,5329],{},[134,5327,5328],{},"카페라떼 5.0",[134,5330,5331],{},"Cafe latte, 5,000 won",[116,5333,5334,5337],{},[134,5335,5336],{},"바닐라라떼 ICE 6.0",[134,5338,5339],{},"Iced vanilla latte, 6,000 won",[116,5341,5342,5345],{},[134,5343,5344],{},"콜드브루 only ice",[134,5346,5347],{},"Cold brew only available iced",[10,5349,5350,5351,24,5354,5356],{},"Korean cafe menus often use English letters, Hangul, or a mix. You may see ",[14,5352,5353],{},"Vanilla Latte",[14,5355,4634],{},", or both.",[102,5358,5360],{"id":5359},"non-coffee-drinks-논커피-티-에이드-스무디","Non-coffee drinks: 논커피, 티, 에이드, 스무디",[10,5362,5363,5364,373],{},"If you do not want coffee, look for ",[14,5365,4522],{},[110,5367,5368,5378],{},[113,5369,5370],{},[116,5371,5372,5374,5376],{},[119,5373,4468],{},[119,5375,4471],{},[119,5377,124],{},[129,5379,5380,5388,5396,5406,5417,5428,5438,5449,5459,5470,5481,5489,5500,5510,5521,5529],{},[116,5381,5382,5384,5386],{},[134,5383,4522],{},[134,5385,4525],{},[134,5387,4528],{},[116,5389,5390,5392,5394],{},[134,5391,4536],{},[134,5393,4539],{},[134,5395,4542],{},[116,5397,5398,5401,5404],{},[134,5399,5400],{},"차",[134,5402,5403],{},"cha",[134,5405,4542],{},[116,5407,5408,5411,5414],{},[134,5409,5410],{},"허브티",[134,5412,5413],{},"heobeu ti",[134,5415,5416],{},"Herbal tea",[116,5418,5419,5422,5425],{},[134,5420,5421],{},"밀크티",[134,5423,5424],{},"milkeu ti",[134,5426,5427],{},"Milk tea",[116,5429,5430,5432,5435],{},[134,5431,4955],{},[134,5433,5434],{},"choko latte",[134,5436,5437],{},"Chocolate latte",[116,5439,5440,5443,5446],{},[134,5441,5442],{},"녹차라떼",[134,5444,5445],{},"nokcha latte",[134,5447,5448],{},"Green tea latte",[116,5450,5451,5453,5456],{},[134,5452,4952],{},[134,5454,5455],{},"malcha latte",[134,5457,5458],{},"Matcha latte",[116,5460,5461,5464,5467],{},[134,5462,5463],{},"고구마라떼",[134,5465,5466],{},"goguma latte",[134,5468,5469],{},"Sweet potato latte",[116,5471,5472,5475,5478],{},[134,5473,5474],{},"미숫가루라떼",[134,5476,5477],{},"misutgaru latte",[134,5479,5480],{},"Roasted grain powder latte",[116,5482,5483,5485,5487],{},[134,5484,4550],{},[134,5486,4553],{},[134,5488,4556],{},[116,5490,5491,5494,5497],{},[134,5492,5493],{},"레몬에이드",[134,5495,5496],{},"lemon eideu",[134,5498,5499],{},"Lemon ade",[116,5501,5502,5504,5507],{},[134,5503,4958],{},[134,5505,5506],{},"jamong eideu",[134,5508,5509],{},"Grapefruit ade",[116,5511,5512,5515,5518],{},[134,5513,5514],{},"청포도에이드",[134,5516,5517],{},"cheongpodo eideu",[134,5519,5520],{},"Green grape ade",[116,5522,5523,5525,5527],{},[134,5524,4564],{},[134,5526,4567],{},[134,5528,4570],{},[116,5530,5531,5534,5537],{},[134,5532,5533],{},"프라페",[134,5535,5536],{},"peurape",[134,5538,5539],{},"Frappe",[10,5541,570],{},[110,5543,5544,5552],{},[113,5545,5546],{},[116,5547,5548,5550],{},[119,5549,579],{},[119,5551,124],{},[129,5553,5554,5560,5566,5572,5580],{},[116,5555,5556,5558],{},[134,5557,4522],{},[134,5559,4531],{},[116,5561,5562,5564],{},[134,5563,4952],{},[134,5565,5458],{},[116,5567,5568,5570],{},[134,5569,4958],{},[134,5571,5509],{},[116,5573,5574,5577],{},[134,5575,5576],{},"딸기스무디",[134,5578,5579],{},"Strawberry smoothie",[116,5581,5582,5585],{},[134,5583,5584],{},"고구마라떼 HOT",[134,5586,5587],{},"Hot sweet potato latte",[10,5589,5590,5591,5593,5594,24,5596,370,5598,5600],{},"Some drinks with ",[14,5592,4894],{}," do not contain coffee. ",[14,5595,4952],{},[14,5597,4955],{},[14,5599,5463],{}," are usually milk-based drinks, not coffee lattes.",[102,5602,5604],{"id":5603},"prices-45-50-and-원","Prices: 4.5, 5.0 and 원",[10,5606,5607],{},"Korean cafe menus often shorten prices.",[110,5609,5610,5619],{},[113,5611,5612],{},[116,5613,5614,5616],{},[119,5615,4741],{},[119,5617,5618],{},"Practical meaning",[129,5620,5621,5629,5636,5644,5652,5660,5666],{},[116,5622,5623,5626],{},[134,5624,5625],{},"4.0",[134,5627,5628],{},"4,000 won",[116,5630,5631,5633],{},[134,5632,4382],{},[134,5634,5635],{},"4,500 won",[116,5637,5638,5641],{},[134,5639,5640],{},"5.0",[134,5642,5643],{},"5,000 won",[116,5645,5646,5649],{},[134,5647,5648],{},"5.5",[134,5650,5651],{},"5,500 won",[116,5653,5654,5657],{},[134,5655,5656],{},"6.0",[134,5658,5659],{},"6,000 won",[116,5661,5662,5664],{},[134,5663,4385],{},[134,5665,5635],{},[116,5667,5668,5671],{},[134,5669,5670],{},"4500원",[134,5672,5635],{},[10,5674,570],{},[110,5676,5677,5685],{},[113,5678,5679],{},[116,5680,5681,5683],{},[119,5682,579],{},[119,5684,124],{},[129,5686,5687,5693,5701,5709],{},[116,5688,5689,5691],{},[134,5690,5320],{},[134,5692,5323],{},[116,5694,5695,5698],{},[134,5696,5697],{},"카페라떼 5.0 \u002F 5.5",[134,5699,5700],{},"Hot latte 5,000 won, iced latte 5,500 won",[116,5702,5703,5706],{},[134,5704,5705],{},"샷 추가 +0.5",[134,5707,5708],{},"Extra shot costs 500 won",[116,5710,5711,5714],{},[134,5712,5713],{},"오트밀크 변경 +0.8",[134,5715,5716],{},"Change to oat milk for 800 won",[10,5718,5719,5720,370,5722,5724],{},"If the menu has separate columns for ",[14,5721,4370],{},[14,5723,4373],{},", read the price under the temperature you want.",[102,5726,5728],{"id":5727},"size-words-레귤러-라지-벤티","Size words: 레귤러, 라지, 벤티",[10,5730,5731,5732,373],{},"Size words can be Korean, English, brand-specific, or simply ",[14,5733,5734],{},"S \u002F M \u002F L",[110,5736,5737,5746],{},[113,5738,5739],{},[116,5740,5741,5744],{},[119,5742,5743],{},"Menu word",[119,5745,124],{},[129,5747,5748,5754,5762,5770,5778,5786,5794,5802,5810,5818],{},[116,5749,5750,5752],{},[134,5751,4718],{},[134,5753,4724],{},[116,5755,5756,5759],{},[134,5757,5758],{},"작은 사이즈",[134,5760,5761],{},"Small size",[116,5763,5764,5767],{},[134,5765,5766],{},"큰 사이즈",[134,5768,5769],{},"Large size",[116,5771,5772,5775],{},[134,5773,5774],{},"스몰 \u002F S",[134,5776,5777],{},"Small",[116,5779,5780,5783],{},[134,5781,5782],{},"미디엄 \u002F M",[134,5784,5785],{},"Medium",[116,5787,5788,5791],{},[134,5789,5790],{},"라지 \u002F L",[134,5792,5793],{},"Large",[116,5795,5796,5799],{},[134,5797,5798],{},"레귤러",[134,5800,5801],{},"Regular",[116,5803,5804,5807],{},[134,5805,5806],{},"벤티",[134,5808,5809],{},"Venti \u002F very large",[116,5811,5812,5815],{},[134,5813,5814],{},"업사이즈",[134,5816,5817],{},"Upsize",[116,5819,5820,5823],{},[134,5821,5822],{},"사이즈업",[134,5824,5825],{},"Size up",[10,5827,570],{},[110,5829,5830,5838],{},[113,5831,5832],{},[116,5833,5834,5836],{},[119,5835,579],{},[119,5837,124],{},[129,5839,5840,5848,5856],{},[116,5841,5842,5845],{},[134,5843,5844],{},"사이즈업 +0.5",[134,5846,5847],{},"Size up for 500 won",[116,5849,5850,5853],{},[134,5851,5852],{},"라지 변경 +1.0",[134,5854,5855],{},"Change to large for 1,000 won",[116,5857,5858,5861],{},[134,5859,5860],{},"ICE only L",[134,5862,5863],{},"Iced version only comes large",[10,5865,5866],{},"If there are no size options, the cafe may serve one default size.",[102,5868,5870],{"id":5869},"add-ons-샷-추가-시럽-추가-휘핑-추가","Add-ons: 샷 추가, 시럽 추가, 휘핑 추가",[10,5872,805,5873,5876],{},[14,5874,5875],{},"추가"," means add or extra. It appears constantly on cafe menus.",[110,5878,5879,5889],{},[113,5880,5881],{},[116,5882,5883,5885,5887],{},[119,5884,4468],{},[119,5886,4471],{},[119,5888,124],{},[129,5890,5891,5901,5910,5920,5930,5941,5952,5963,5974,5984],{},[116,5892,5893,5895,5898],{},[134,5894,5875],{},[134,5896,5897],{},"chuga",[134,5899,5900],{},"Add \u002F extra",[116,5902,5903,5905,5907],{},[134,5904,4397],{},[134,5906,4762],{},[134,5908,5909],{},"Extra espresso shot",[116,5911,5912,5914,5917],{},[134,5913,4972],{},[134,5915,5916],{},"sireop chuga",[134,5918,5919],{},"Add syrup",[116,5921,5922,5924,5927],{},[134,5923,4975],{},[134,5925,5926],{},"hwiping chuga",[134,5928,5929],{},"Add whipped cream",[116,5931,5932,5935,5938],{},[134,5933,5934],{},"펄 추가",[134,5936,5937],{},"peol chuga",[134,5939,5940],{},"Add tapioca pearls",[116,5942,5943,5946,5949],{},[134,5944,5945],{},"토핑 추가",[134,5947,5948],{},"toping chuga",[134,5950,5951],{},"Add topping",[116,5953,5954,5957,5960],{},[134,5955,5956],{},"변경",[134,5958,5959],{},"byeongyeong",[134,5961,5962],{},"Change",[116,5964,5965,5968,5971],{},[134,5966,5967],{},"우유 변경",[134,5969,5970],{},"uyu byeongyeong",[134,5972,5973],{},"Milk change",[116,5975,5976,5978,5981],{},[134,5977,4978],{},[134,5979,5980],{},"dikapein byeongyeong",[134,5982,5983],{},"Change to decaf",[116,5985,5986,5988,5991],{},[134,5987,4981],{},[134,5989,5990],{},"oteu milkeu byeongyeong",[134,5992,5993],{},"Change to oat milk",[10,5995,570],{},[110,5997,5998,6006],{},[113,5999,6000],{},[116,6001,6002,6004],{},[119,6003,579],{},[119,6005,124],{},[129,6007,6008,6015,6023,6031,6039],{},[116,6009,6010,6012],{},[134,6011,5705],{},[134,6013,6014],{},"Extra shot, 500 won",[116,6016,6017,6020],{},[134,6018,6019],{},"바닐라 시럽 추가 +0.5",[134,6021,6022],{},"Add vanilla syrup, 500 won",[116,6024,6025,6028],{},[134,6026,6027],{},"휘핑 추가 무료",[134,6029,6030],{},"Add whipped cream for free",[116,6032,6033,6036],{},[134,6034,6035],{},"디카페인 변경 +0.5",[134,6037,6038],{},"Change to decaf for 500 won",[116,6040,6041,6043],{},[134,6042,5713],{},[134,6044,5716],{},[10,6046,6047,6048,6051,6052,6055],{},"The opposite idea is usually ",[14,6049,6050],{},"빼 주세요",", meaning \"please leave it out.\" For example: ",[14,6053,6054],{},"휘핑 빼 주세요"," means \"no whipped cream, please.\"",[102,6057,6059],{"id":6058},"milk-and-sweetness-words","Milk and sweetness words",[10,6061,6062],{},"These words are useful if you want to adjust a drink.",[110,6064,6065,6073],{},[113,6066,6067],{},[116,6068,6069,6071],{},[119,6070,4468],{},[119,6072,124],{},[129,6074,6075,6081,6089,6095,6101,6109,6115,6123,6131,6139,6147,6155,6163,6171],{},[116,6076,6077,6079],{},[134,6078,4814],{},[134,6080,2478],{},[116,6082,6083,6086],{},[134,6084,6085],{},"저지방 우유",[134,6087,6088],{},"Low-fat milk",[116,6090,6091,6093],{},[134,6092,4412],{},[134,6094,4832],{},[116,6096,6097,6099],{},[134,6098,4409],{},[134,6100,4845],{},[116,6102,6103,6106],{},[134,6104,6105],{},"아몬드밀크",[134,6107,6108],{},"Almond milk",[116,6110,6111,6113],{},[134,6112,4773],{},[134,6114,4779],{},[116,6116,6117,6120],{},[134,6118,6119],{},"설탕",[134,6121,6122],{},"Sugar",[116,6124,6125,6128],{},[134,6126,6127],{},"덜 달게",[134,6129,6130],{},"Less sweet",[116,6132,6133,6136],{},[134,6134,6135],{},"많이 달게",[134,6137,6138],{},"Sweeter",[116,6140,6141,6144],{},[134,6142,6143],{},"무가당",[134,6145,6146],{},"Unsweetened",[116,6148,6149,6152],{},[134,6150,6151],{},"당도",[134,6153,6154],{},"Sweetness level",[116,6156,6157,6160],{},[134,6158,6159],{},"얼음",[134,6161,6162],{},"Ice",[116,6164,6165,6168],{},[134,6166,6167],{},"얼음 적게",[134,6169,6170],{},"Less ice",[116,6172,6173,6176],{},[134,6174,6175],{},"얼음 많이",[134,6177,6178],{},"More ice",[10,6180,6181],{},"Useful order phrases:",[110,6183,6184,6192],{},[113,6185,6186],{},[116,6187,6188,6190],{},[119,6189,4468],{},[119,6191,124],{},[129,6193,6194,6202,6210,6218,6226],{},[116,6195,6196,6199],{},[134,6197,6198],{},"덜 달게 해 주세요.",[134,6200,6201],{},"Please make it less sweet.",[116,6203,6204,6207],{},[134,6205,6206],{},"시럽 빼 주세요.",[134,6208,6209],{},"Please leave out the syrup.",[116,6211,6212,6215],{},[134,6213,6214],{},"얼음 적게 해 주세요.",[134,6216,6217],{},"Please make it with less ice.",[116,6219,6220,6223],{},[134,6221,6222],{},"오트밀크로 변경해 주세요.",[134,6224,6225],{},"Please change it to oat milk.",[116,6227,6228,6231],{},[134,6229,6230],{},"디카페인으로 해 주세요.",[134,6232,6233],{},"Please make it decaf.",[10,6235,6236],{},"At a kiosk, the same ideas may appear as option buttons.",[102,6238,6240],{"id":6239},"desserts-and-bakery-words","Desserts and bakery words",[10,6242,6243],{},"Korean cafes often put desserts on the same menu board.",[110,6245,6246,6256],{},[113,6247,6248],{},[116,6249,6250,6252,6254],{},[119,6251,4468],{},[119,6253,4471],{},[119,6255,124],{},[129,6257,6258,6266,6274,6285,6296,6307,6318,6329,6340,6351,6362,6373,6384,6395],{},[116,6259,6260,6262,6264],{},[134,6261,4578],{},[134,6263,4581],{},[134,6265,4584],{},[116,6267,6268,6270,6272],{},[134,6269,4592],{},[134,6271,4595],{},[134,6273,4598],{},[116,6275,6276,6279,6282],{},[134,6277,6278],{},"케이크",[134,6280,6281],{},"keikeu",[134,6283,6284],{},"Cake",[116,6286,6287,6290,6293],{},[134,6288,6289],{},"조각 케이크",[134,6291,6292],{},"jogak keikeu",[134,6294,6295],{},"Slice of cake",[116,6297,6298,6301,6304],{},[134,6299,6300],{},"쿠키",[134,6302,6303],{},"kuki",[134,6305,6306],{},"Cookie",[116,6308,6309,6312,6315],{},[134,6310,6311],{},"스콘",[134,6313,6314],{},"seukon",[134,6316,6317],{},"Scone",[116,6319,6320,6323,6326],{},[134,6321,6322],{},"마카롱",[134,6324,6325],{},"makarong",[134,6327,6328],{},"Macaron",[116,6330,6331,6334,6337],{},[134,6332,6333],{},"크로플",[134,6335,6336],{},"keuropeul",[134,6338,6339],{},"Croffle",[116,6341,6342,6345,6348],{},[134,6343,6344],{},"와플",[134,6346,6347],{},"wapeul",[134,6349,6350],{},"Waffle",[116,6352,6353,6356,6359],{},[134,6354,6355],{},"크루아상",[134,6357,6358],{},"keurwasang",[134,6360,6361],{},"Croissant",[116,6363,6364,6367,6370],{},[134,6365,6366],{},"소금빵",[134,6368,6369],{},"sogeumppang",[134,6371,6372],{},"Salt bread",[116,6374,6375,6378,6381],{},[134,6376,6377],{},"샌드위치",[134,6379,6380],{},"saendeuwichi",[134,6382,6383],{},"Sandwich",[116,6385,6386,6389,6392],{},[134,6387,6388],{},"품절",[134,6390,6391],{},"pumjeol",[134,6393,6394],{},"Sold out",[116,6396,6397,6400,6403],{},[134,6398,6399],{},"시즌 한정",[134,6401,6402],{},"sijeun hanjeong",[134,6404,6405],{},"Seasonal \u002F limited-time",[10,6407,570],{},[110,6409,6410,6418],{},[113,6411,6412],{},[116,6413,6414,6416],{},[119,6415,579],{},[119,6417,124],{},[129,6419,6420,6426,6434,6442],{},[116,6421,6422,6424],{},[134,6423,6289],{},[134,6425,6295],{},[116,6427,6428,6431],{},[134,6429,6430],{},"오늘의 디저트",[134,6432,6433],{},"Today's dessert",[116,6435,6436,6439],{},[134,6437,6438],{},"소금빵 품절",[134,6440,6441],{},"Salt bread sold out",[116,6443,6444,6447],{},[134,6445,6446],{},"시즌 한정 딸기 케이크",[134,6448,6449],{},"Seasonal limited strawberry cake",[10,6451,6452,6454],{},[14,6453,6388],{}," is one of the most useful non-drink words. If you see it next to something, it is sold out.",[102,6456,6458],{"id":6457},"매장-포장-테이크아웃-and-dine-in-wording","매장, 포장, 테이크아웃 and dine-in wording",[10,6460,6461],{},"When you order, staff or a kiosk may ask whether you are staying or taking it out.",[110,6463,6464,6474],{},[113,6465,6466],{},[116,6467,6468,6470,6472],{},[119,6469,4468],{},[119,6471,4471],{},[119,6473,124],{},[129,6475,6476,6484,6495,6506,6517,6528,6537,6548,6557],{},[116,6477,6478,6480,6482],{},[134,6479,4424],{},[134,6481,4867],{},[134,6483,4870],{},[116,6485,6486,6489,6492],{},[134,6487,6488],{},"매장 이용",[134,6490,6491],{},"maejang iyong",[134,6493,6494],{},"Use in store \u002F dine in",[116,6496,6497,6500,6503],{},[134,6498,6499],{},"드시고 가세요?",[134,6501,6502],{},"deusigo gaseyo?",[134,6504,6505],{},"Are you eating\u002Fdrinking here?",[116,6507,6508,6511,6514],{},[134,6509,6510],{},"먹고 갈게요",[134,6512,6513],{},"meokgo galgeyo",[134,6515,6516],{},"I will have it here",[116,6518,6519,6522,6525],{},[134,6520,6521],{},"마시고 갈게요",[134,6523,6524],{},"masigo galgeyo",[134,6526,6527],{},"I will drink it here",[116,6529,6530,6532,6534],{},[134,6531,4418],{},[134,6533,4854],{},[134,6535,6536],{},"Takeout",[116,6538,6539,6542,6545],{},[134,6540,6541],{},"포장해 주세요",[134,6543,6544],{},"pojanghae juseyo",[134,6546,6547],{},"Please make it to go",[116,6549,6550,6552,6555],{},[134,6551,4421],{},[134,6553,6554],{},"teikeuaut",[134,6556,6536],{},[116,6558,6559,6562,6565],{},[134,6560,6561],{},"가져갈게요",[134,6563,6564],{},"gajyeogalgeyo",[134,6566,6567],{},"I will take it to go",[10,6569,570],{},[110,6571,6572,6582],{},[113,6573,6574],{},[116,6575,6576,6579],{},[119,6577,6578],{},"Staff asks",[119,6580,6581],{},"You can answer",[129,6583,6584,6592,6600,6607],{},[116,6585,6586,6589],{},[134,6587,6588],{},"매장에서 드세요?",[134,6590,6591],{},"네, 먹고 갈게요.",[116,6593,6594,6597],{},[134,6595,6596],{},"포장이세요?",[134,6598,6599],{},"네, 포장해 주세요.",[116,6601,6602,6604],{},[134,6603,6499],{},[134,6605,6606],{},"네, 마시고 갈게요.",[116,6608,6609,6612],{},[134,6610,6611],{},"가져가세요?",[134,6613,6614],{},"네, 가져갈게요.",[10,6616,6617,6618,6620,6621,6623],{},"For drinks, ",[14,6619,6521],{}," sounds natural. For food or dessert, ",[14,6622,6510],{}," works.",[102,6625,6627],{"id":6626},"kiosk-and-pickup-words","Kiosk and pickup words",[10,6629,6630],{},"Many Korean cafes use kiosks, order numbers and pickup counters.",[110,6632,6633,6641],{},[113,6634,6635],{},[116,6636,6637,6639],{},[119,6638,4468],{},[119,6640,124],{},[129,6642,6643,6651,6659,6666,6674,6682,6690,6698,6706,6714,6722,6730,6738,6744,6752,6759,6767,6775],{},[116,6644,6645,6648],{},[134,6646,6647],{},"주문",[134,6649,6650],{},"Order",[116,6652,6653,6656],{},[134,6654,6655],{},"주문하기",[134,6657,6658],{},"Place order",[116,6660,6661,6663],{},[134,6662,4995],{},[134,6664,6665],{},"Order number",[116,6667,6668,6671],{},[134,6669,6670],{},"결제",[134,6672,6673],{},"Payment",[116,6675,6676,6679],{},[134,6677,6678],{},"결제하기",[134,6680,6681],{},"Pay",[116,6683,6684,6687],{},[134,6685,6686],{},"카드",[134,6688,6689],{},"Card",[116,6691,6692,6695],{},[134,6693,6694],{},"현금",[134,6696,6697],{},"Cash",[116,6699,6700,6703],{},[134,6701,6702],{},"쿠폰",[134,6704,6705],{},"Coupon",[116,6707,6708,6711],{},[134,6709,6710],{},"포인트",[134,6712,6713],{},"Points",[116,6715,6716,6719],{},[134,6717,6718],{},"적립",[134,6720,6721],{},"Earn points",[116,6723,6724,6727],{},[134,6725,6726],{},"사용",[134,6728,6729],{},"Use",[116,6731,6732,6735],{},[134,6733,6734],{},"영수증",[134,6736,6737],{},"Receipt",[116,6739,6740,6742],{},[134,6741,4436],{},[134,6743,4883],{},[116,6745,6746,6749],{},[134,6747,6748],{},"픽업",[134,6750,6751],{},"Pickup",[116,6753,6754,6756],{},[134,6755,4998],{},[134,6757,6758],{},"Pickup counter",[116,6760,6761,6764],{},[134,6762,6763],{},"호출",[134,6765,6766],{},"Call \u002F notification",[116,6768,6769,6772],{},[134,6770,6771],{},"준비 중",[134,6773,6774],{},"Preparing",[116,6776,6777,6780],{},[134,6778,6779],{},"완료",[134,6781,6782],{},"Complete",[10,6784,570],{},[110,6786,6787,6796],{},[113,6788,6789],{},[116,6790,6791,6794],{},[119,6792,6793],{},"Screen or sign says",[119,6795,124],{},[129,6797,6798,6806,6812,6820,6828,6834],{},[116,6799,6800,6803],{},[134,6801,6802],{},"주문번호 18번",[134,6804,6805],{},"Order number 18",[116,6807,6808,6810],{},[134,6809,6678],{},[134,6811,6681],{},[116,6813,6814,6817],{},[134,6815,6816],{},"진동벨을 받아 주세요",[134,6818,6819],{},"Please take a buzzer",[116,6821,6822,6825],{},[134,6823,6824],{},"음료는 픽업대에서 받아 주세요",[134,6826,6827],{},"Please pick up drinks at the pickup counter",[116,6829,6830,6832],{},[134,6831,6771],{},[134,6833,6774],{},[116,6835,6836,6839],{},[134,6837,6838],{},"주문 완료",[134,6840,6841],{},"Order complete",[10,6843,6844,6845,6847],{},"If a staff member hands you a ",[14,6846,4436],{},", keep it until it buzzes, then go to the pickup counter.",[102,6849,6851],{"id":6850},"common-cafe-phrases","Common cafe phrases",[10,6853,6854],{},"These are practical phrases for ordering without overthinking the grammar.",[110,6856,6857,6865],{},[113,6858,6859],{},[116,6860,6861,6863],{},[119,6862,4468],{},[119,6864,124],{},[129,6866,6867,6875,6883,6891,6899,6905,6913,6921,6929,6937],{},[116,6868,6869,6872],{},[134,6870,6871],{},"아이스 아메리카노 한 잔 주세요.",[134,6873,6874],{},"One iced Americano, please.",[116,6876,6877,6880],{},[134,6878,6879],{},"따뜻한 카페라떼 한 잔 주세요.",[134,6881,6882],{},"One hot cafe latte, please.",[116,6884,6885,6888],{},[134,6886,6887],{},"바닐라라떼 아이스로 주세요.",[134,6889,6890],{},"An iced vanilla latte, please.",[116,6892,6893,6896],{},[134,6894,6895],{},"샷 추가해 주세요.",[134,6897,6898],{},"Please add a shot.",[116,6900,6901,6903],{},[134,6902,6230],{},[134,6904,6233],{},[116,6906,6907,6910],{},[134,6908,6909],{},"포장해 주세요.",[134,6911,6912],{},"To go, please.",[116,6914,6915,6918],{},[134,6916,6917],{},"매장에서 마실게요.",[134,6919,6920],{},"I will drink it here.",[116,6922,6923,6926],{},[134,6924,6925],{},"영수증 주세요.",[134,6927,6928],{},"Please give me the receipt.",[116,6930,6931,6934],{},[134,6932,6933],{},"빨대 주세요.",[134,6935,6936],{},"Please give me a straw.",[116,6938,6939,6942],{},[134,6940,6941],{},"물은 어디 있어요?",[134,6943,6944],{},"Where is the water?",[10,6946,6947,6948,6951,6952,373],{},"The phrase ",[14,6949,6950],{},"한 잔"," means one cup or one drink. For two drinks, use ",[14,6953,6954],{},"두 잔",[102,6956,6958],{"id":6957},"a-fictional-korean-cafe-menu-read-line-by-line","A fictional Korean cafe menu, read line by line",[10,6960,6961],{},"Imagine a menu says:",[110,6963,6964,6973],{},[113,6965,6966],{},[116,6967,6968,6971],{},[119,6969,6970],{},"Menu line",[119,6972,124],{},[129,6974,6975,6981,6989,6996,7004,7012,7019,7026,7033,7041],{},[116,6976,6977,6979],{},[134,6978,4509],{},[134,6980,1356],{},[116,6982,6983,6986],{},[134,6984,6985],{},"아메리카노 4.5 \u002F 5.0",[134,6987,6988],{},"Americano: hot 4,500 \u002F iced 5,000",[116,6990,6991,6993],{},[134,6992,5697],{},[134,6994,6995],{},"Cafe latte: hot 5,000 \u002F iced 5,500",[116,6997,6998,7001],{},[134,6999,7000],{},"바닐라라떼 5.5 \u002F 6.0",[134,7002,7003],{},"Vanilla latte: hot 5,500 \u002F iced 6,000",[116,7005,7006,7009],{},[134,7007,7008],{},"말차라떼 5.8 \u002F 6.3",[134,7010,7011],{},"Matcha latte: hot 5,800 \u002F iced 6,300",[116,7013,7014,7016],{},[134,7015,5705],{},[134,7017,7018],{},"Extra shot: 500 won",[116,7020,7021,7023],{},[134,7022,6035],{},[134,7024,7025],{},"Decaf change: 500 won",[116,7027,7028,7030],{},[134,7029,5713],{},[134,7031,7032],{},"Oat milk change: 800 won",[116,7034,7035,7038],{},[134,7036,7037],{},"케이크 \u002F 쿠키 \u002F 스콘",[134,7039,7040],{},"Cake \u002F cookie \u002F scone",[116,7042,7043,7046],{},[134,7044,7045],{},"매장 \u002F 포장",[134,7047,7048],{},"Dine in \u002F takeout",[10,7050,7051],{},"If you want an iced latte with oat milk to go, the order could be:",[10,7053,7054],{},[14,7055,7056],{},"카페라떼 아이스로, 오트밀크로 변경해서 포장해 주세요.",[10,7058,7059],{},"That means: \"An iced cafe latte, changed to oat milk, to go, please.\"",[102,7061,7063],{"id":7062},"common-mistakes-when-reading-korean-cafe-menus","Common mistakes when reading Korean cafe menus",[110,7065,7066,7074],{},[113,7067,7068],{},[116,7069,7070,7072],{},[119,7071,2861],{},[119,7073,127],{},[129,7075,7076,7087,7097,7105,7116,7127,7136,7146],{},[116,7077,7078,7084],{},[134,7079,7080,7081,7083],{},"Reading ",[14,7082,4382],{}," as 4.5 won",[134,7085,7086],{},"It usually means 4,500 won",[116,7088,7089,7094],{},[134,7090,2870,7091,7093],{},[14,7092,4894],{}," always means coffee",[134,7095,7096],{},"Some lattes are milk-based non-coffee drinks",[116,7098,7099,7102],{},[134,7100,7101],{},"Missing the HOT\u002FICE price split",[134,7103,7104],{},"Iced may cost more",[116,7106,7107,7113],{},[134,7108,2934,7109,370,7111],{},[14,7110,4418],{},[14,7112,4424],{},[134,7114,7115],{},"One is takeout, one is dine-in",[116,7117,7118,7124],{},[134,7119,7120,7121,7123],{},"Forgetting ",[14,7122,5875],{}," means extra",[134,7125,7126],{},"Add-ons can change price",[116,7128,7129,7133],{},[134,7130,2893,7131],{},[14,7132,6388],{},[134,7134,7135],{},"The item is sold out",[116,7137,7138,7143],{},[134,7139,2870,7140,7142],{},[14,7141,5161],{}," is formal menu wording",[134,7144,7145],{},"It is casual shorthand for iced Americano",[116,7147,7148,7151],{},[134,7149,7150],{},"Not checking kiosk option screens",[134,7152,7153],{},"Milk, decaf, size and sweetness may be separate buttons",[102,7155,2963],{"id":2962},[10,7157,2966],{},[46,7159,7160,7163,7166,7169,7172,7175,7178,7181,7184,7187,7190],{},[49,7161,7162],{},"Which section is the drink in?",[49,7164,7165],{},"Is it hot or iced?",[49,7167,7168],{},"What is the drink name?",[49,7170,7171],{},"What is the price?",[49,7173,7174],{},"Is the price different for iced?",[49,7176,7177],{},"Do you want a size change?",[49,7179,7180],{},"Do you want an extra shot?",[49,7182,7183],{},"Do you want decaf?",[49,7185,7186],{},"Do you need a milk change?",[49,7188,7189],{},"Are you staying or taking it out?",[49,7191,7192],{},"Do you need a receipt?",[102,7194,7196],{"id":7195},"faq-korean-cafe-menus","FAQ: Korean cafe menus",[3099,7198,7200],{"id":7199},"what-does-아이스-mean-on-a-korean-cafe-menu","What does 아이스 mean on a Korean cafe menu?",[10,7202,7203,7205,7206,373],{},[14,7204,4676],{}," means iced. You may also see ",[14,7207,4373],{},[3099,7209,7211],{"id":7210},"what-is-아아","What is 아아?",[10,7213,7214,7216,7217,7219],{},[14,7215,5161],{}," is casual shorthand for ",[14,7218,5117],{},", iced Americano. It is common in conversation, but menus usually use the full drink name.",[3099,7221,7223],{"id":7222},"what-does-샷-추가-mean","What does 샷 추가 mean?",[10,7225,7226,7228],{},[14,7227,4397],{}," means extra espresso shot.",[3099,7230,7232],{"id":7231},"what-does-포장-mean-in-a-cafe","What does 포장 mean in a cafe?",[10,7234,7235,7237],{},[14,7236,4418],{}," means takeout or to go.",[3099,7239,7241],{"id":7240},"what-does-매장-mean","What does 매장 mean?",[10,7243,7244,7246,7247,7249],{},[14,7245,4424],{}," means the store. In cafe ordering, ",[14,7248,6488],{}," means dining in or drinking in the cafe.",[3099,7251,7253],{"id":7252},"what-does-품절-mean","What does 품절 mean?",[10,7255,7256,7258],{},[14,7257,6388],{}," means sold out.",[3099,7260,7262],{"id":7261},"does-라떼-always-contain-coffee","Does 라떼 always contain coffee?",[10,7264,7265,7266,7268,7269,24,7271,370,7273,7275],{},"No. ",[14,7267,4620],{}," contains coffee, but drinks like ",[14,7270,4952],{},[14,7272,4955],{},[14,7274,5463],{}," are usually non-coffee milk drinks.",[102,7277,3062],{"id":3061},[46,7279,7280,7287,7294,7301],{},[49,7281,7282],{},[3054,7283,7286],{"href":7284,"rel":7285},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.korean.go.kr\u002Ffront_eng\u002Fmain.do",[3071],"National Institute of Korean Language",[49,7288,7289],{},[3054,7290,7293],{"href":7291,"rel":7292},"https:\u002F\u002Fkorean.go.kr\u002Ffront\u002FonlineQna\u002FonlineQnaView.do?mn_id=216&pageIndex=1&qna_seq=318515",[3071],"National Institute of Korean Language: cafe menu spacing answer",[49,7295,7296],{},[3054,7297,7300],{"href":7298,"rel":7299},"https:\u002F\u002Fenglish.visitkorea.or.kr\u002Fsvc\u002Fcontents\u002FcontentsView.do?vcontsId=66771",[3071],"Visit Korea: Tailor Coffee menu examples",[49,7302,7303],{},[3054,7304,7307],{"href":7305,"rel":7306},"https:\u002F\u002Fenglish.visitkorea.or.kr\u002Fsvc\u002Fcontents\u002FcontentsView.do?vcontsId=50372",[3071],"Visit Korea: YOUTH COFFEE menu examples",{"title":3190,"searchDepth":3191,"depth":3191,"links":7309},[7310,7311,7312,7313,7314,7315,7316,7317,7318,7319,7320,7321,7322,7323,7324,7325,7326,7335],{"id":4455,"depth":3191,"text":4456},{"id":376,"depth":3191,"text":377},{"id":5001,"depth":3191,"text":5002},{"id":5168,"depth":3191,"text":5169},{"id":5359,"depth":3191,"text":5360},{"id":5603,"depth":3191,"text":5604},{"id":5727,"depth":3191,"text":5728},{"id":5869,"depth":3191,"text":5870},{"id":6058,"depth":3191,"text":6059},{"id":6239,"depth":3191,"text":6240},{"id":6457,"depth":3191,"text":6458},{"id":6626,"depth":3191,"text":6627},{"id":6850,"depth":3191,"text":6851},{"id":6957,"depth":3191,"text":6958},{"id":7062,"depth":3191,"text":7063},{"id":2962,"depth":3191,"text":2963},{"id":7195,"depth":3191,"text":7196,"children":7327},[7328,7329,7330,7331,7332,7333,7334],{"id":7199,"depth":3215,"text":7200},{"id":7210,"depth":3215,"text":7211},{"id":7222,"depth":3215,"text":7223},{"id":7231,"depth":3215,"text":7232},{"id":7240,"depth":3215,"text":7241},{"id":7252,"depth":3215,"text":7253},{"id":7261,"depth":3215,"text":7262},{"id":3061,"depth":3191,"text":3062},"Learn how to read a Korean cafe menu, including Americano, latte, iced, hot, size, extra shot, syrup, milk options, desserts, dine-in, takeout and kiosk wording.",{},"\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fhow-to-read-korean-cafe-menu","2026-06-16",{"title":4341,"description":7336},"Learn how to read Korean cafe menus, including 아메리카노, 라떼, 아이스, 따뜻한, 샷 추가, 디카페인, 시럽, 포장, 매장 and 진동벨.","How to Read a Korean Cafe Menu: Americano, Latte and Iced","how-to-read-korean-cafe-menu","blog\u002Fen\u002Fhow-to-read-korean-cafe-menu",[7346,7347,7348,7349,7350],"Korean cafe vocabulary","Korean menu reading","Korean coffee terms","Korean travel vocabulary","Korean reading practice","cULpPrZ-AjeKFpcOKHd_cgqeEmSmRpSFhd26Xeq6GC8",{"id":7353,"title":7354,"body":7355,"description":10538,"excerpt":3225,"extension":3226,"featured":3227,"locale":3228,"meta":10539,"navigation":3227,"path":10540,"publishedAt":10541,"seo":10542,"seoDescription":10543,"seoTitle":10544,"slug":10545,"stem":10546,"tags":10547,"targetLanguage":7488,"updatedAt":10541,"__hash__":10553},"blog\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fhow-to-read-french-apartment-listing.md","How to Read a French Apartment Listing: Loyer, Charges, Dépôt de Garantie, Surface and DPE",{"type":7,"value":7356,"toc":10504},[7357,7363,7366,7368,7458,7461,7467,7470,7473,7477,7480,7704,7718,7722,7725,7731,7743,7749,7766,7785,7800,7820,7824,7827,7929,7943,7945,7990,7997,8001,8007,8115,8121,8123,8175,8181,8185,8195,8251,8258,8260,8304,8314,8318,8321,8392,8395,8397,8440,8451,8455,8461,8558,8561,8616,8622,8626,8632,8689,8692,8694,8738,8747,8751,8754,8858,8860,8904,8914,8918,8927,9053,9055,9099,9106,9110,9119,9183,9189,9191,9242,9245,9249,9252,9338,9344,9346,9390,9396,9400,9403,9493,9495,9538,9544,9548,9551,9611,9620,9623,9666,9669,9673,9678,9772,9775,9778,9782,9785,9925,9931,9935,9938,10096,10105,10109,10112,10197,10199,10202,10271,10275,10367,10371,10375,10385,10389,10399,10403,10408,10412,10423,10427,10433,10437,10443,10447,10454,10458,10463,10467,10472,10474],[10,7358,12,7359,7362],{},[14,7360,7361],{},"how to read a French apartment listing",", the hard part is usually not one French word. It is knowing which numbers actually matter.",[10,7364,7365],{},"A French rental ad can show rent, charges, deposit, agency fees, living area, room count, floor, furnished or unfurnished status, energy rating, greenhouse gas rating, estimated energy cost, risk information, move-in timing and application documents in a very compact format.",[10,7367,4362],{},[46,7369,7370,7376,7383,7398,7404,7413,7420,7426,7436,7445,7452],{},[49,7371,7372,7373,75],{},"What is the monthly ",[14,7374,7375],{},"loyer",[49,7377,7378,7379,7382],{},"Are ",[14,7380,7381],{},"charges"," included?",[49,7384,7385,7386,24,7389,24,7392,71,7395,75],{},"Does the ad say ",[14,7387,7388],{},"CC",[14,7390,7391],{},"HC",[14,7393,7394],{},"charges comprises",[14,7396,7397],{},"hors charges",[49,7399,7400,7401,75],{},"How much is the ",[14,7402,7403],{},"dépôt de garantie",[49,7405,7406,7407,71,7410,75],{},"Is the apartment ",[14,7408,7409],{},"meublé",[14,7411,7412],{},"non meublé",[49,7414,7415,7416,7419],{},"How many ",[14,7417,7418],{},"pièces"," are listed?",[49,7421,7422,7423,75],{},"What is the ",[14,7424,7425],{},"surface habitable",[49,7427,7428,7429,7432,7433,75],{},"Which ",[14,7430,7431],{},"étage"," is it on, and is there an ",[14,7434,7435],{},"ascenseur",[49,7437,7438,7439,71,7442,75],{},"Are there ",[14,7440,7441],{},"honoraires",[14,7443,7444],{},"frais d'agence",[49,7446,7447,7448,7451],{},"What does the ",[14,7449,7450],{},"DPE"," say?",[49,7453,7454,7455,75],{},"Which documents are expected for the ",[14,7456,7457],{},"dossier de location",[10,7459,7460],{},"Once you know the core French rental words, the listing becomes much easier to scan.",[10,7462,7463],{},[91,7464],{"alt":7465,"src":7466},"French apartment listing guide","\u002Fblog\u002Ffrench-apartment-listing-guide.svg",[10,7468,7469],{},"This guide explains the French apartment listing words you are most likely to see on rental platforms, agency listings, private landlord ads, student housing posts and flatshare listings in France.",[10,7471,7472],{},"This article is for reading and vocabulary help. Rental contracts, deposits and agency fees can be serious, so use local tenant advice or qualified help before signing anything or sending money.",[102,7474,7476],{"id":7475},"the-most-important-french-apartment-listing-words","The most important French apartment listing words",[10,7478,7479],{},"Start with these words. They carry most of the listing.",[110,7481,7482,7493],{},[113,7483,7484],{},[116,7485,7486,7489,7491],{},[119,7487,7488],{},"French",[119,7490,124],{},[119,7492,127],{},[129,7494,7495,7506,7517,7528,7539,7550,7560,7570,7580,7590,7601,7612,7622,7633,7643,7653,7663,7674,7684,7694],{},[116,7496,7497,7500,7503],{},[134,7498,7499],{},"logement",[134,7501,7502],{},"Housing \u002F dwelling",[134,7504,7505],{},"General word for the place",[116,7507,7508,7511,7514],{},[134,7509,7510],{},"appartement",[134,7512,7513],{},"Apartment",[134,7515,7516],{},"The unit being rented",[116,7518,7519,7522,7525],{},[134,7520,7521],{},"studio",[134,7523,7524],{},"Studio apartment",[134,7526,7527],{},"One main room",[116,7529,7530,7533,7536],{},[134,7531,7532],{},"T1 \u002F F1",[134,7534,7535],{},"One-room apartment",[134,7537,7538],{},"Usually one main room plus kitchen\u002Fbath",[116,7540,7541,7544,7547],{},[134,7542,7543],{},"T2 \u002F F2",[134,7545,7546],{},"Two-room apartment",[134,7548,7549],{},"Usually one bedroom plus living room",[116,7551,7552,7554,7557],{},[134,7553,7418],{},[134,7555,7556],{},"Rooms",[134,7558,7559],{},"Main rooms, not every room in the home",[116,7561,7562,7564,7567],{},[134,7563,7425],{},[134,7565,7566],{},"Living area",[134,7568,7569],{},"Size in square meters",[116,7571,7572,7574,7577],{},[134,7573,7375],{},[134,7575,7576],{},"Rent",[134,7578,7579],{},"Monthly rent",[116,7581,7582,7584,7587],{},[134,7583,7381],{},[134,7585,7586],{},"Charges \u002F service costs",[134,7588,7589],{},"Monthly building or recoverable costs",[116,7591,7592,7595,7598],{},[134,7593,7594],{},"charges comprises \u002F CC",[134,7596,7597],{},"Charges included",[134,7599,7600],{},"Rent shown includes charges",[116,7602,7603,7606,7609],{},[134,7604,7605],{},"hors charges \u002F HC",[134,7607,7608],{},"Charges excluded",[134,7610,7611],{},"Charges are not included",[116,7613,7614,7616,7619],{},[134,7615,7403],{},[134,7617,7618],{},"Security deposit",[134,7620,7621],{},"Deposit paid at lease signing",[116,7623,7624,7627,7630],{},[134,7625,7626],{},"caution",[134,7628,7629],{},"Guarantor, sometimes misused for deposit",[134,7631,7632],{},"Context matters",[116,7634,7635,7637,7640],{},[134,7636,7441],{},[134,7638,7639],{},"Fees",[134,7641,7642],{},"Often agency fees",[116,7644,7645,7647,7650],{},[134,7646,7444],{},[134,7648,7649],{},"Agency fees",[134,7651,7652],{},"Fees paid to the agency",[116,7654,7655,7657,7660],{},[134,7656,7409],{},[134,7658,7659],{},"Furnished",[134,7661,7662],{},"Furniture\u002Fequipment included",[116,7664,7665,7668,7671],{},[134,7666,7667],{},"non meublé \u002F vide",[134,7669,7670],{},"Unfurnished",[134,7672,7673],{},"Empty\u002Funfurnished rental",[116,7675,7676,7678,7681],{},[134,7677,7431],{},[134,7679,7680],{},"Floor",[134,7682,7683],{},"Which floor the apartment is on",[116,7685,7686,7688,7691],{},[134,7687,7435],{},[134,7689,7690],{},"Elevator",[134,7692,7693],{},"Important for upper floors",[116,7695,7696,7698,7701],{},[134,7697,7450],{},[134,7699,7700],{},"Energy performance diagnosis",[134,7702,7703],{},"Energy rating and estimated energy use",[10,7705,359,7706,24,7708,24,7710,24,7712,24,7714,370,7716,373],{},[14,7707,7375],{},[14,7709,7381],{},[14,7711,7388],{},[14,7713,7403],{},[14,7715,7425],{},[14,7717,7450],{},[102,7719,7721],{"id":7720},"read-the-listing-in-this-order","Read the listing in this order",[10,7723,7724],{},"Do not start by translating every adjective. Read the listing like someone deciding whether it is worth applying.",[10,7726,7727],{},[91,7728],{"alt":7729,"src":7730},"French apartment listing reading order","\u002Fblog\u002Ffrench-apartment-listing-reading-order.svg",[10,7732,7733,7734,24,7736,24,7738,71,7740,7742],{},"First, find ",[14,7735,7375],{},[14,7737,7381],{},[14,7739,7388],{},[14,7741,7391],{},". This tells you what the monthly amount does and does not include.",[10,7744,7745,7746,7748],{},"Second, check the deposit: ",[14,7747,7403],{},". The amount depends on the type of lease, especially whether the place is furnished or unfurnished.",[10,7750,7751,7752,24,7754,24,7757,24,7759,24,7762,370,7764,373],{},"Third, check size and layout: ",[14,7753,7425],{},[14,7755,7756],{},"m²",[14,7758,7418],{},[14,7760,7761],{},"chambres",[14,7763,7431],{},[14,7765,7435],{},[10,7767,7768,7769,24,7771,24,7773,24,7776,24,7779,24,7782,373],{},"Fourth, read the furnished status and features: ",[14,7770,7409],{},[14,7772,7412],{},[14,7774,7775],{},"cuisine équipée",[14,7777,7778],{},"balcon",[14,7780,7781],{},"cave",[14,7783,7784],{},"parking",[10,7786,7787,7788,24,7790,24,7793,7796,7797,373],{},"Fifth, check the energy and risk details: ",[14,7789,7450],{},[14,7791,7792],{},"GES",[14,7794,7795],{},"classe énergie",", estimated annual energy spending and ",[14,7798,7799],{},"Géorisques",[10,7801,7802,7803,24,7806,24,7809,24,7812,24,7815,370,7818,373],{},"Sixth, read the application and viewing details: ",[14,7804,7805],{},"dossier",[14,7807,7808],{},"garant",[14,7810,7811],{},"justificatifs",[14,7813,7814],{},"visite",[14,7816,7817],{},"disponible",[14,7819,7441],{},[102,7821,7823],{"id":7822},"loyer-charges-comprises-and-hors-charges","Loyer, charges comprises and hors charges",[10,7825,7826],{},"The rent section is the first place to slow down.",[110,7828,7829,7840],{},[113,7830,7831],{},[116,7832,7833,7835,7837],{},[119,7834,7488],{},[119,7836,124],{},[119,7838,7839],{},"Practical reading",[129,7841,7842,7851,7861,7872,7881,7889,7898,7907,7918],{},[116,7843,7844,7846,7848],{},[134,7845,7375],{},[134,7847,7576],{},[134,7849,7850],{},"Monthly rent amount",[116,7852,7853,7856,7858],{},[134,7854,7855],{},"loyer mensuel",[134,7857,7579],{},[134,7859,7860],{},"Rent per month",[116,7862,7863,7866,7869],{},[134,7864,7865],{},"par mois \u002F mois",[134,7867,7868],{},"Per month",[134,7870,7871],{},"Confirms monthly amount",[116,7873,7874,7876,7878],{},[134,7875,7394],{},[134,7877,7597],{},[134,7879,7880],{},"Often abbreviated CC",[116,7882,7883,7885,7887],{},[134,7884,7388],{},[134,7886,7394],{},[134,7888,7597],{},[116,7890,7891,7893,7895],{},[134,7892,7397],{},[134,7894,7608],{},[134,7896,7897],{},"Often abbreviated HC",[116,7899,7900,7902,7904],{},[134,7901,7391],{},[134,7903,7397],{},[134,7905,7906],{},"Charges not included",[116,7908,7909,7912,7915],{},[134,7910,7911],{},"charges locatives",[134,7913,7914],{},"Rental charges",[134,7916,7917],{},"Recoverable tenant charges",[116,7919,7920,7923,7926],{},[134,7921,7922],{},"charges récupérables",[134,7924,7925],{},"Recoverable charges",[134,7927,7928],{},"Charges the landlord can recover from tenant",[10,7930,7931,7932,71,7935,37,7938,71,7940,7942],{},"Service Public explains that rental ads must show the monthly rent increased by rental charges if applicable, followed by ",[14,7933,7934],{},"par mois",[14,7936,7937],{},"\u002Fmois",[14,7939,7394],{},[14,7941,7388],{}," when charges are included.",[10,7944,570],{},[110,7946,7947,7956],{},[113,7948,7949],{},[116,7950,7951,7954],{},[119,7952,7953],{},"Listing says",[119,7955,124],{},[129,7957,7958,7966,7974,7982],{},[116,7959,7960,7963],{},[134,7961,7962],{},"920 € \u002F mois CC",[134,7964,7965],{},"920 euros per month, charges included",[116,7967,7968,7971],{},[134,7969,7970],{},"Loyer 850 € HC + 70 € charges",[134,7972,7973],{},"850 euros rent excluding charges, plus 70 euros charges",[116,7975,7976,7979],{},[134,7977,7978],{},"1 100 € charges comprises",[134,7980,7981],{},"1,100 euros with charges included",[116,7983,7984,7987],{},[134,7985,7986],{},"Loyer hors charges : 780 €",[134,7988,7989],{},"Rent excluding charges: 780 euros",[10,7991,7992,7993,71,7995,373],{},"The most important habit: do not compare listings until you know whether the amount is ",[14,7994,7388],{},[14,7996,7391],{},[102,7998,8000],{"id":7999},"charges-what-they-can-mean","Charges: what they can mean",[10,8002,8003,8006],{},[14,8004,8005],{},"Charges"," are monthly costs connected to the building and housing services.",[110,8008,8009,8017],{},[113,8010,8011],{},[116,8012,8013,8015],{},[119,8014,7488],{},[119,8016,124],{},[129,8018,8019,8025,8031,8037,8045,8053,8061,8069,8077,8085,8093,8099,8107],{},[116,8020,8021,8023],{},[134,8022,7381],{},[134,8024,7586],{},[116,8026,8027,8029],{},[134,8028,7911],{},[134,8030,7914],{},[116,8032,8033,8035],{},[134,8034,7922],{},[134,8036,7925],{},[116,8038,8039,8042],{},[134,8040,8041],{},"provision sur charges",[134,8043,8044],{},"Advance payment for charges",[116,8046,8047,8050],{},[134,8048,8049],{},"forfait de charges",[134,8051,8052],{},"Flat monthly charge amount",[116,8054,8055,8058],{},[134,8056,8057],{},"régularisation annuelle",[134,8059,8060],{},"Annual adjustment",[116,8062,8063,8066],{},[134,8064,8065],{},"eau froide",[134,8067,8068],{},"Cold water",[116,8070,8071,8074],{},[134,8072,8073],{},"eau chaude",[134,8075,8076],{},"Hot water",[116,8078,8079,8082],{},[134,8080,8081],{},"chauffage",[134,8083,8084],{},"Heating",[116,8086,8087,8090],{},[134,8088,8089],{},"entretien des parties communes",[134,8091,8092],{},"Common-area maintenance",[116,8094,8095,8097],{},[134,8096,7435],{},[134,8098,7690],{},[116,8100,8101,8104],{},[134,8102,8103],{},"ordures ménagères",[134,8105,8106],{},"Household waste collection",[116,8108,8109,8112],{},[134,8110,8111],{},"gardien \u002F concierge",[134,8113,8114],{},"Caretaker \u002F concierge",[10,8116,8117,8118,8120],{},"Service Public explains that charges paid by the tenant can be regularized annually by comparing what was already paid with actual expenses. This is why ",[14,8119,8041],{}," is not always the final word.",[10,8122,570],{},[110,8124,8125,8133],{},[113,8126,8127],{},[116,8128,8129,8131],{},[119,8130,7953],{},[119,8132,124],{},[129,8134,8135,8143,8151,8159,8167],{},[116,8136,8137,8140],{},[134,8138,8139],{},"Charges : 80 €",[134,8141,8142],{},"Monthly charges: 80 euros",[116,8144,8145,8148],{},[134,8146,8147],{},"Provision sur charges : 90 €",[134,8149,8150],{},"Monthly advance payment for charges: 90 euros",[116,8152,8153,8156],{},[134,8154,8155],{},"Forfait charges : 70 €",[134,8157,8158],{},"Flat monthly charges: 70 euros",[116,8160,8161,8164],{},[134,8162,8163],{},"Chauffage inclus",[134,8165,8166],{},"Heating included",[116,8168,8169,8172],{},[134,8170,8171],{},"Eau chaude collective",[134,8173,8174],{},"Shared\u002Fbuilding hot water system",[10,8176,8177,8178,8180],{},"Always ask what is included in ",[14,8179,7381],{},". Electricity, internet and home insurance are often separate.",[102,8182,8184],{"id":8183},"dépôt-de-garantie-and-caution","Dépôt de garantie and caution",[10,8186,8187,8190,8191,8194],{},[14,8188,8189],{},"Dépôt de garantie"," means security deposit. ",[14,8192,8193],{},"Caution"," can mean guarantor, although people sometimes use it casually to refer to the deposit.",[110,8196,8197,8205],{},[113,8198,8199],{},[116,8200,8201,8203],{},[119,8202,7488],{},[119,8204,124],{},[129,8206,8207,8213,8221,8228,8235,8243],{},[116,8208,8209,8211],{},[134,8210,7403],{},[134,8212,7618],{},[116,8214,8215,8218],{},[134,8216,8217],{},"DG",[134,8219,8220],{},"Deposit abbreviation",[116,8222,8223,8225],{},[134,8224,7626],{},[134,8226,8227],{},"Guarantor, sometimes deposit in casual speech",[116,8229,8230,8232],{},[134,8231,7808],{},[134,8233,8234],{},"Guarantor",[116,8236,8237,8240],{},[134,8238,8239],{},"acte de cautionnement",[134,8241,8242],{},"Guarantor commitment",[116,8244,8245,8248],{},[134,8246,8247],{},"garantie Visale",[134,8249,8250],{},"Visale guarantee",[10,8252,8253,8254,8257],{},"Service Public explains that the deposit is usually paid when the lease is signed. For a main-residence lease, the maximum deposit is generally one month's rent excluding charges for an unfurnished rental and two months' rent excluding charges for a furnished rental. A ",[14,8255,8256],{},"bail mobilité"," has special rules, and a deposit is not allowed there.",[10,8259,570],{},[110,8261,8262,8270],{},[113,8263,8264],{},[116,8265,8266,8268],{},[119,8267,7953],{},[119,8269,124],{},[129,8271,8272,8280,8288,8296],{},[116,8273,8274,8277],{},[134,8275,8276],{},"Dépôt de garantie : 850 €",[134,8278,8279],{},"Security deposit: 850 euros",[116,8281,8282,8285],{},[134,8283,8284],{},"DG : 1 mois HC",[134,8286,8287],{},"Deposit: one month of rent excluding charges",[116,8289,8290,8293],{},[134,8291,8292],{},"Caution demandée",[134,8294,8295],{},"Guarantor requested, or deposit requested depending on context",[116,8297,8298,8301],{},[134,8299,8300],{},"Garant obligatoire",[134,8302,8303],{},"Guarantor required",[10,8305,8306,8307,8310,8311,8313],{},"Context matters. If the ad says ",[14,8308,8309],{},"garant obligatoire",", it means a guarantor. If it says ",[14,8312,7403],{},", it means the deposit.",[102,8315,8317],{"id":8316},"meublé-non-meublé-and-vide","Meublé, non meublé and vide",[10,8319,8320],{},"French listings often tell you whether the apartment is furnished.",[110,8322,8323,8331],{},[113,8324,8325],{},[116,8326,8327,8329],{},[119,8328,7488],{},[119,8330,124],{},[129,8332,8333,8339,8347,8353,8361,8369,8377,8384],{},[116,8334,8335,8337],{},[134,8336,7409],{},[134,8338,7659],{},[116,8340,8341,8344],{},[134,8342,8343],{},"location meublée",[134,8345,8346],{},"Furnished rental",[116,8348,8349,8351],{},[134,8350,7412],{},[134,8352,7670],{},[116,8354,8355,8358],{},[134,8356,8357],{},"vide",[134,8359,8360],{},"Empty \u002F unfurnished",[116,8362,8363,8366],{},[134,8364,8365],{},"semi-meublé",[134,8367,8368],{},"Partly furnished",[116,8370,8371,8374],{},[134,8372,8373],{},"équipé",[134,8375,8376],{},"Equipped",[116,8378,8379,8381],{},[134,8380,7775],{},[134,8382,8383],{},"Equipped kitchen",[116,8385,8386,8389],{},[134,8387,8388],{},"cuisine aménagée",[134,8390,8391],{},"Fitted kitchen",[10,8393,8394],{},"This matters because furnished and unfurnished rentals can have different lease rules, deposit amounts and practical expectations.",[10,8396,570],{},[110,8398,8399,8407],{},[113,8400,8401],{},[116,8402,8403,8405],{},[119,8404,7953],{},[119,8406,124],{},[129,8408,8409,8417,8425,8432],{},[116,8410,8411,8414],{},[134,8412,8413],{},"Studio meublé",[134,8415,8416],{},"Furnished studio",[116,8418,8419,8422],{},[134,8420,8421],{},"Appartement vide",[134,8423,8424],{},"Unfurnished apartment",[116,8426,8427,8430],{},[134,8428,8429],{},"Cuisine équipée",[134,8431,8383],{},[116,8433,8434,8437],{},[134,8435,8436],{},"Loué meublé",[134,8438,8439],{},"Rented furnished",[10,8441,8442,8443,8445,8446,71,8448,8450],{},"If you are moving with few belongings, ",[14,8444,7409],{}," can be helpful. If you already have furniture, ",[14,8447,8357],{},[14,8449,7412],{}," may be better.",[102,8452,8454],{"id":8453},"pièces-chambres-and-layout","Pièces, chambres and layout",[10,8456,8457,8458,8460],{},"French listings count ",[14,8459,7418],{}," as main rooms, not every room.",[110,8462,8463,8471],{},[113,8464,8465],{},[116,8466,8467,8469],{},[119,8468,7488],{},[119,8470,124],{},[129,8472,8473,8481,8487,8495,8503,8510,8518,8526,8534,8542,8550],{},[116,8474,8475,8478],{},[134,8476,8477],{},"pièce",[134,8479,8480],{},"Room",[116,8482,8483,8485],{},[134,8484,7418],{},[134,8486,7556],{},[116,8488,8489,8492],{},[134,8490,8491],{},"chambre",[134,8493,8494],{},"Bedroom",[116,8496,8497,8500],{},[134,8498,8499],{},"séjour",[134,8501,8502],{},"Living room",[116,8504,8505,8508],{},[134,8506,8507],{},"salon",[134,8509,8502],{},[116,8511,8512,8515],{},[134,8513,8514],{},"cuisine",[134,8516,8517],{},"Kitchen",[116,8519,8520,8523],{},[134,8521,8522],{},"salle de bains",[134,8524,8525],{},"Bathroom with bath",[116,8527,8528,8531],{},[134,8529,8530],{},"salle d'eau",[134,8532,8533],{},"Shower room",[116,8535,8536,8539],{},[134,8537,8538],{},"WC séparé",[134,8540,8541],{},"Separate toilet",[116,8543,8544,8547],{},[134,8545,8546],{},"entrée",[134,8548,8549],{},"Entryway",[116,8551,8552,8555],{},[134,8553,8554],{},"couloir",[134,8556,8557],{},"Hallway",[10,8559,8560],{},"Useful patterns:",[110,8562,8563,8571],{},[113,8564,8565],{},[116,8566,8567,8569],{},[119,8568,7953],{},[119,8570,5618],{},[129,8572,8573,8580,8586,8592,8600,8608],{},[116,8574,8575,8578],{},[134,8576,8577],{},"Studio",[134,8579,7527],{},[116,8581,8582,8584],{},[134,8583,7532],{},[134,8585,7527],{},[116,8587,8588,8590],{},[134,8589,7543],{},[134,8591,7549],{},[116,8593,8594,8597],{},[134,8595,8596],{},"T3 \u002F F3",[134,8598,8599],{},"Usually two bedrooms plus living room",[116,8601,8602,8605],{},[134,8603,8604],{},"2 pièces",[134,8606,8607],{},"Two main rooms",[116,8609,8610,8613],{},[134,8611,8612],{},"2 pièces, 1 chambre",[134,8614,8615],{},"Two main rooms, one bedroom",[10,8617,8618,8619,8621],{},"Do not read ",[14,8620,8604],{}," as two bedrooms. It usually means one bedroom and one living room.",[102,8623,8625],{"id":8624},"surface-habitable-and-m","Surface habitable and m²",[10,8627,8628,8631],{},[14,8629,8630],{},"Surface habitable"," means living area.",[110,8633,8634,8642],{},[113,8635,8636],{},[116,8637,8638,8640],{},[119,8639,7488],{},[119,8641,124],{},[129,8643,8644,8652,8658,8665,8673,8681],{},[116,8645,8646,8649],{},[134,8647,8648],{},"surface",[134,8650,8651],{},"Area \u002F size",[116,8653,8654,8656],{},[134,8655,7425],{},[134,8657,7566],{},[116,8659,8660,8662],{},[134,8661,7756],{},[134,8663,8664],{},"Square meters",[116,8666,8667,8670],{},[134,8668,8669],{},"environ",[134,8671,8672],{},"Approximately",[116,8674,8675,8678],{},[134,8676,8677],{},"env.",[134,8679,8680],{},"Approx.",[116,8682,8683,8686],{},[134,8684,8685],{},"loi Carrez",[134,8687,8688],{},"Carrez law area, often in sales context",[10,8690,8691],{},"Service Public says rental ads must mention the surface of the housing in square meters of living area.",[10,8693,570],{},[110,8695,8696,8704],{},[113,8697,8698],{},[116,8699,8700,8702],{},[119,8701,7953],{},[119,8703,124],{},[129,8705,8706,8714,8722,8730],{},[116,8707,8708,8711],{},[134,8709,8710],{},"Surface : 32 m²",[134,8712,8713],{},"Area: 32 square meters",[116,8715,8716,8719],{},[134,8717,8718],{},"Surface habitable : 45 m²",[134,8720,8721],{},"Living area: 45 square meters",[116,8723,8724,8727],{},[134,8725,8726],{},"Env. 28 m²",[134,8728,8729],{},"Approximately 28 square meters",[116,8731,8732,8735],{},[134,8733,8734],{},"2 pièces de 41 m²",[134,8736,8737],{},"Two-room apartment of 41 square meters",[10,8739,8740,8741,8743,8744,8746],{},"The abbreviation ",[14,8742,8677],{}," means ",[14,8745,8669],{},", or approximately.",[102,8748,8750],{"id":8749},"étage-ascenseur-and-building-words","Étage, ascenseur and building words",[10,8752,8753],{},"Floor words matter in daily life.",[110,8755,8756,8764],{},[113,8757,8758],{},[116,8759,8760,8762],{},[119,8761,7488],{},[119,8763,124],{},[129,8765,8766,8772,8780,8788,8796,8804,8810,8818,8826,8834,8842,8850],{},[116,8767,8768,8770],{},[134,8769,7431],{},[134,8771,7680],{},[116,8773,8774,8777],{},[134,8775,8776],{},"rez-de-chaussée \u002F RDC",[134,8778,8779],{},"Ground floor",[116,8781,8782,8785],{},[134,8783,8784],{},"1er étage",[134,8786,8787],{},"First floor above ground",[116,8789,8790,8793],{},[134,8791,8792],{},"dernier étage",[134,8794,8795],{},"Top floor",[116,8797,8798,8801],{},[134,8799,8800],{},"sous-sol",[134,8802,8803],{},"Basement",[116,8805,8806,8808],{},[134,8807,7435],{},[134,8809,7690],{},[116,8811,8812,8815],{},[134,8813,8814],{},"sans ascenseur",[134,8816,8817],{},"Without elevator",[116,8819,8820,8823],{},[134,8821,8822],{},"immeuble",[134,8824,8825],{},"Building",[116,8827,8828,8831],{},[134,8829,8830],{},"copropriété",[134,8832,8833],{},"Co-owned building \u002F condominium",[116,8835,8836,8839],{},[134,8837,8838],{},"gardien",[134,8840,8841],{},"Caretaker",[116,8843,8844,8847],{},[134,8845,8846],{},"interphone",[134,8848,8849],{},"Intercom",[116,8851,8852,8855],{},[134,8853,8854],{},"digicode",[134,8856,8857],{},"Door code system",[10,8859,570],{},[110,8861,8862,8870],{},[113,8863,8864],{},[116,8865,8866,8868],{},[119,8867,7953],{},[119,8869,124],{},[129,8871,8872,8880,8888,8896],{},[116,8873,8874,8877],{},[134,8875,8876],{},"4e étage sans ascenseur",[134,8878,8879],{},"4th floor, no elevator",[116,8881,8882,8885],{},[134,8883,8884],{},"RDC sur cour",[134,8886,8887],{},"Ground floor facing courtyard",[116,8889,8890,8893],{},[134,8891,8892],{},"Dernier étage avec ascenseur",[134,8894,8895],{},"Top floor with elevator",[116,8897,8898,8901],{},[134,8899,8900],{},"Immeuble ancien",[134,8902,8903],{},"Older building",[10,8905,8906,8907,8910,8911,8913],{},"In France, ",[14,8908,8909],{},"RDC"," is ground floor. The ",[14,8912,8784],{}," is one level above ground.",[102,8915,8917],{"id":8916},"features-cuisine-équipée-balcon-cave-and-parking","Features: cuisine équipée, balcon, cave and parking",[10,8919,8920,370,8923,8926],{},[14,8921,8922],{},"Équipements",[14,8924,8925],{},"prestations"," are common feature words.",[110,8928,8929,8937],{},[113,8930,8931],{},[116,8932,8933,8935],{},[119,8934,7488],{},[119,8936,124],{},[129,8938,8939,8947,8954,8960,8968,8975,8983,8990,8997,9005,9013,9021,9029,9037,9045],{},[116,8940,8941,8944],{},[134,8942,8943],{},"équipements",[134,8945,8946],{},"Equipment \u002F features",[116,8948,8949,8951],{},[134,8950,8925],{},[134,8952,8953],{},"Features \u002F amenities",[116,8955,8956,8958],{},[134,8957,7775],{},[134,8959,8383],{},[116,8961,8962,8965],{},[134,8963,8964],{},"cuisine ouverte",[134,8966,8967],{},"Open kitchen",[116,8969,8970,8972],{},[134,8971,7778],{},[134,8973,8974],{},"Balcony",[116,8976,8977,8980],{},[134,8978,8979],{},"terrasse",[134,8981,8982],{},"Terrace",[116,8984,8985,8987],{},[134,8986,7781],{},[134,8988,8989],{},"Cellar \u002F storage",[116,8991,8992,8994],{},[134,8993,7784],{},[134,8995,8996],{},"Parking",[116,8998,8999,9002],{},[134,9000,9001],{},"place de parking",[134,9003,9004],{},"Parking space",[116,9006,9007,9010],{},[134,9008,9009],{},"box",[134,9011,9012],{},"Garage box",[116,9014,9015,9018],{},[134,9016,9017],{},"fibre",[134,9019,9020],{},"Fiber internet",[116,9022,9023,9026],{},[134,9024,9025],{},"double vitrage",[134,9027,9028],{},"Double glazing",[116,9030,9031,9034],{},[134,9032,9033],{},"parquet",[134,9035,9036],{},"Wooden floor",[116,9038,9039,9042],{},[134,9040,9041],{},"rangement",[134,9043,9044],{},"Storage",[116,9046,9047,9050],{},[134,9048,9049],{},"placard",[134,9051,9052],{},"Closet",[10,9054,570],{},[110,9056,9057,9065],{},[113,9058,9059],{},[116,9060,9061,9063],{},[119,9062,7953],{},[119,9064,124],{},[129,9066,9067,9075,9083,9091],{},[116,9068,9069,9072],{},[134,9070,9071],{},"Balcon et cave",[134,9073,9074],{},"Balcony and cellar",[116,9076,9077,9080],{},[134,9078,9079],{},"Parking en supplément",[134,9081,9082],{},"Parking for an additional fee",[116,9084,9085,9088],{},[134,9086,9087],{},"Cuisine ouverte équipée",[134,9089,9090],{},"Open equipped kitchen",[116,9092,9093,9096],{},[134,9094,9095],{},"Fibre disponible",[134,9097,9098],{},"Fiber available",[10,9100,9101,9102,9105],{},"If a feature says ",[14,9103,9104],{},"en supplément",", it costs extra.",[102,9107,9109],{"id":9108},"dpe-ges-and-energy-details","DPE, GES and energy details",[10,9111,9112,9114,9115,9118],{},[14,9113,7450],{}," stands for ",[14,9116,9117],{},"diagnostic de performance énergétique",", or energy performance diagnosis.",[110,9120,9121,9129],{},[113,9122,9123],{},[116,9124,9125,9127],{},[119,9126,7488],{},[119,9128,124],{},[129,9130,9131,9137,9144,9151,9159,9167,9175],{},[116,9132,9133,9135],{},[134,9134,7450],{},[134,9136,7700],{},[116,9138,9139,9141],{},[134,9140,7795],{},[134,9142,9143],{},"Energy class",[116,9145,9146,9148],{},[134,9147,7792],{},[134,9149,9150],{},"Greenhouse gas emissions",[116,9152,9153,9156],{},[134,9154,9155],{},"gaz à effet de serre",[134,9157,9158],{},"Greenhouse gases",[116,9160,9161,9164],{},[134,9162,9163],{},"consommation énergétique",[134,9165,9166],{},"Energy consumption",[116,9168,9169,9172],{},[134,9170,9171],{},"dépenses annuelles d'énergie",[134,9173,9174],{},"Annual energy expenses",[116,9176,9177,9180],{},[134,9178,9179],{},"logement à consommation énergétique excessive",[134,9181,9182],{},"Housing with excessive energy consumption",[10,9184,9185,9186,373],{},"Service Public says rental ads must show the energy performance classification, greenhouse gas emissions classification and estimated annual energy expenses for standard use. If the housing is classed F or G, the ad must say ",[14,9187,9188],{},"Logement à consommation énergétique excessive",[10,9190,570],{},[110,9192,9193,9201],{},[113,9194,9195],{},[116,9196,9197,9199],{},[119,9198,7953],{},[119,9200,124],{},[129,9202,9203,9211,9219,9227,9234],{},[116,9204,9205,9208],{},[134,9206,9207],{},"DPE : D",[134,9209,9210],{},"Energy rating D",[116,9212,9213,9216],{},[134,9214,9215],{},"GES : B",[134,9217,9218],{},"Greenhouse gas rating B",[116,9220,9221,9224],{},[134,9222,9223],{},"Classe énergie E",[134,9225,9226],{},"Energy class E",[116,9228,9229,9231],{},[134,9230,9188],{},[134,9232,9233],{},"Excessive energy consumption housing",[116,9235,9236,9239],{},[134,9237,9238],{},"Montant estimé des dépenses annuelles d'énergie",[134,9240,9241],{},"Estimated annual energy spending",[10,9243,9244],{},"Energy details can affect comfort and monthly cost, especially for older apartments.",[102,9246,9248],{"id":9247},"honoraires-frais-dagence-and-état-des-lieux","Honoraires, frais d'agence and état des lieux",[10,9250,9251],{},"If an agency is involved, the ad may mention fees.",[110,9253,9254,9262],{},[113,9255,9256],{},[116,9257,9258,9260],{},[119,9259,7488],{},[119,9261,124],{},[129,9263,9264,9270,9276,9284,9292,9300,9307,9314,9322,9330],{},[116,9265,9266,9268],{},[134,9267,7441],{},[134,9269,7639],{},[116,9271,9272,9274],{},[134,9273,7444],{},[134,9275,7649],{},[116,9277,9278,9281],{},[134,9279,9280],{},"honoraires locataire",[134,9282,9283],{},"Fees paid by tenant",[116,9285,9286,9289],{},[134,9287,9288],{},"TTC",[134,9290,9291],{},"All taxes included",[116,9293,9294,9297],{},[134,9295,9296],{},"état des lieux",[134,9298,9299],{},"Move-in\u002Fmove-out condition report",[116,9301,9302,9304],{},[134,9303,7814],{},[134,9305,9306],{},"Viewing",[116,9308,9309,9311],{},[134,9310,7805],{},[134,9312,9313],{},"Application file",[116,9315,9316,9319],{},[134,9317,9318],{},"agence",[134,9320,9321],{},"Agency",[116,9323,9324,9327],{},[134,9325,9326],{},"particulier",[134,9328,9329],{},"Private individual",[116,9331,9332,9335],{},[134,9333,9334],{},"de particulier à particulier",[134,9336,9337],{},"Direct private listing",[10,9339,9340,9341,9343],{},"Service Public says rental ads by agencies must indicate the total agency fees payable by the tenant, including the amount for the move-in ",[14,9342,9296],{}," if applicable.",[10,9345,570],{},[110,9347,9348,9356],{},[113,9349,9350],{},[116,9351,9352,9354],{},[119,9353,7953],{},[119,9355,124],{},[129,9357,9358,9366,9374,9382],{},[116,9359,9360,9363],{},[134,9361,9362],{},"Honoraires locataire : 450 € TTC",[134,9364,9365],{},"Tenant agency fees: 450 euros including tax",[116,9367,9368,9371],{},[134,9369,9370],{},"Dont état des lieux : 90 €",[134,9372,9373],{},"Of which condition report: 90 euros",[116,9375,9376,9379],{},[134,9377,9378],{},"Frais d'agence inclus",[134,9380,9381],{},"Agency fees included",[116,9383,9384,9387],{},[134,9385,9386],{},"Location de particulier à particulier",[134,9388,9389],{},"Private landlord listing",[10,9391,9392,9393,9395],{},"If you see ",[14,9394,9288],{},", read it as \"including tax.\"",[102,9397,9399],{"id":9398},"disponible-libre-and-move-in-timing","Disponible, libre and move-in timing",[10,9401,9402],{},"Availability words are usually short.",[110,9404,9405,9413],{},[113,9406,9407],{},[116,9408,9409,9411],{},[119,9410,7488],{},[119,9412,124],{},[129,9414,9415,9422,9430,9438,9446,9454,9462,9470,9477,9485],{},[116,9416,9417,9419],{},[134,9418,7817],{},[134,9420,9421],{},"Available",[116,9423,9424,9427],{},[134,9425,9426],{},"disponible à partir du",[134,9428,9429],{},"Available from",[116,9431,9432,9435],{},[134,9433,9434],{},"libre",[134,9436,9437],{},"Vacant \u002F available",[116,9439,9440,9443],{},[134,9441,9442],{},"libre de suite",[134,9444,9445],{},"Available immediately",[116,9447,9448,9451],{},[134,9449,9450],{},"dès maintenant",[134,9452,9453],{},"From now",[116,9455,9456,9459],{},[134,9457,9458],{},"entrée possible",[134,9460,9461],{},"Move-in possible",[116,9463,9464,9467],{},[134,9465,9466],{},"bail",[134,9468,9469],{},"Lease",[116,9471,9472,9474],{},[134,9473,8256],{},[134,9475,9476],{},"Mobility lease",[116,9478,9479,9482],{},[134,9480,9481],{},"courte durée",[134,9483,9484],{},"Short term",[116,9486,9487,9490],{},[134,9488,9489],{},"longue durée",[134,9491,9492],{},"Long term",[10,9494,570],{},[110,9496,9497,9505],{},[113,9498,9499],{},[116,9500,9501,9503],{},[119,9502,7953],{},[119,9504,124],{},[129,9506,9507,9515,9522,9530],{},[116,9508,9509,9512],{},[134,9510,9511],{},"Disponible à partir du 1er septembre",[134,9513,9514],{},"Available from September 1",[116,9516,9517,9520],{},[134,9518,9519],{},"Libre de suite",[134,9521,9445],{},[116,9523,9524,9527],{},[134,9525,9526],{},"Bail mobilité uniquement",[134,9528,9529],{},"Mobility lease only",[116,9531,9532,9535],{},[134,9533,9534],{},"Location longue durée",[134,9536,9537],{},"Long-term rental",[10,9539,9540,9541,9543],{},"If the listing says ",[14,9542,8256],{},", check the rules carefully. It is not the same as an ordinary lease.",[102,9545,9547],{"id":9546},"encadrement-des-loyers-and-rent-control-words","Encadrement des loyers and rent-control words",[10,9549,9550],{},"Some French cities have specific rent-control information in rental ads.",[110,9552,9553,9561],{},[113,9554,9555],{},[116,9556,9557,9559],{},[119,9558,7488],{},[119,9560,124],{},[129,9562,9563,9571,9579,9587,9595,9603],{},[116,9564,9565,9568],{},[134,9566,9567],{},"encadrement des loyers",[134,9569,9570],{},"Rent control framework",[116,9572,9573,9576],{},[134,9574,9575],{},"zone soumise à encadrement des loyers",[134,9577,9578],{},"Zone subject to rent control",[116,9580,9581,9584],{},[134,9582,9583],{},"loyer de référence",[134,9585,9586],{},"Reference rent",[116,9588,9589,9592],{},[134,9590,9591],{},"loyer de référence majoré",[134,9593,9594],{},"Increased reference rent \u002F maximum base reference",[116,9596,9597,9600],{},[134,9598,9599],{},"loyer de base",[134,9601,9602],{},"Base rent",[116,9604,9605,9608],{},[134,9606,9607],{},"complément de loyer",[134,9609,9610],{},"Rent supplement",[10,9612,9613,9614,24,9616,370,9618,373],{},"Service Public lists several areas where specific ad rules apply, including Paris, Bordeaux, Lille, Lyon, Montpellier and some intercommunal areas. In those zones, ads can include extra lines such as ",[14,9615,9591],{},[14,9617,9599],{},[14,9619,9607],{},[10,9621,9622],{},"For reading the ad, remember:",[110,9624,9625,9633],{},[113,9626,9627],{},[116,9628,9629,9631],{},[119,9630,7953],{},[119,9632,124],{},[129,9634,9635,9643,9650,9658],{},[116,9636,9637,9640],{},[134,9638,9639],{},"Zone soumise à encadrement des loyers",[134,9641,9642],{},"Rent-control zone",[116,9644,9645,9648],{},[134,9646,9647],{},"Loyer de base",[134,9649,9602],{},[116,9651,9652,9655],{},[134,9653,9654],{},"Loyer de référence majoré",[134,9656,9657],{},"Reference maximum shown in the ad",[116,9659,9660,9663],{},[134,9661,9662],{},"Complément de loyer",[134,9664,9665],{},"Additional rent supplement",[10,9667,9668],{},"This section can look technical, but it is usually trying to explain how the listed rent relates to local rent-control rules.",[102,9670,9672],{"id":9671},"dossier-de-location-and-documents","Dossier de location and documents",[10,9674,9675,9676,373],{},"In France, applying for an apartment often means preparing a ",[14,9677,7805],{},[110,9679,9680,9688],{},[113,9681,9682],{},[116,9683,9684,9686],{},[119,9685,7488],{},[119,9687,124],{},[129,9689,9690,9696,9703,9710,9718,9726,9734,9742,9750,9758,9764],{},[116,9691,9692,9694],{},[134,9693,7805],{},[134,9695,9313],{},[116,9697,9698,9700],{},[134,9699,7457],{},[134,9701,9702],{},"Rental application file",[116,9704,9705,9707],{},[134,9706,7811],{},[134,9708,9709],{},"Supporting documents",[116,9711,9712,9715],{},[134,9713,9714],{},"pièce d'identité",[134,9716,9717],{},"ID document",[116,9719,9720,9723],{},[134,9721,9722],{},"justificatif de domicile",[134,9724,9725],{},"Proof of address",[116,9727,9728,9731],{},[134,9729,9730],{},"justificatif de revenus",[134,9732,9733],{},"Proof of income",[116,9735,9736,9739],{},[134,9737,9738],{},"contrat de travail",[134,9740,9741],{},"Employment contract",[116,9743,9744,9747],{},[134,9745,9746],{},"fiche de paie",[134,9748,9749],{},"Payslip",[116,9751,9752,9755],{},[134,9753,9754],{},"avis d'imposition",[134,9756,9757],{},"Tax notice",[116,9759,9760,9762],{},[134,9761,7808],{},[134,9763,8234],{},[116,9765,9766,9769],{},[134,9767,9768],{},"DossierFacile",[134,9770,9771],{},"Government-backed rental file service",[10,9773,9774],{},"Service Public lists categories of documents a future private-sector tenant may be asked for, including identity, address, professional situation and resources. It also points to DossierFacile, a service that helps create a rental file with documents authorized by law.",[10,9776,9777],{},"Do not send sensitive documents casually to a suspicious listing. Verify the ad and use safer document-sharing habits.",[102,9779,9781],{"id":9780},"example-french-apartment-listing","Example French apartment listing",[10,9783,9784],{},"Imagine a listing says:",[110,9786,9787,9798],{},[113,9788,9789],{},[116,9790,9791,9794,9796],{},[119,9792,9793],{},"Field",[119,9795,7953],{},[119,9797,124],{},[129,9799,9800,9811,9822,9831,9841,9852,9863,9872,9883,9893,9903,9914],{},[116,9801,9802,9805,9808],{},[134,9803,9804],{},"Titre",[134,9806,9807],{},"T2 meublé avec balcon",[134,9809,9810],{},"Furnished one-bedroom apartment with balcony",[116,9812,9813,9816,9819],{},[134,9814,9815],{},"Ville",[134,9817,9818],{},"Lyon 3e",[134,9820,9821],{},"Lyon, 3rd arrondissement",[116,9823,9824,9827,9829],{},[134,9825,9826],{},"Loyer",[134,9828,7962],{},[134,9830,7965],{},[116,9832,9833,9835,9838],{},[134,9834,8005],{},[134,9836,9837],{},"70 € \u002F mois",[134,9839,9840],{},"70 euros per month in charges",[116,9842,9843,9846,9849],{},[134,9844,9845],{},"Dépôt",[134,9847,9848],{},"1 700 €",[134,9850,9851],{},"Security deposit 1,700 euros",[116,9853,9854,9857,9860],{},[134,9855,9856],{},"Surface",[134,9858,9859],{},"42 m²",[134,9861,9862],{},"42 square meters",[116,9864,9865,9868,9870],{},[134,9866,9867],{},"Pièces",[134,9869,8612],{},[134,9871,8615],{},[116,9873,9874,9877,9880],{},[134,9875,9876],{},"Étage",[134,9878,9879],{},"4e étage avec ascenseur",[134,9881,9882],{},"4th floor with elevator",[116,9884,9885,9887,9890],{},[134,9886,8922],{},[134,9888,9889],{},"Cuisine équipée, balcon, cave",[134,9891,9892],{},"Equipped kitchen, balcony, cellar",[116,9894,9895,9897,9900],{},[134,9896,7450],{},[134,9898,9899],{},"Classe D, GES B",[134,9901,9902],{},"Energy class D, emissions class B",[116,9904,9905,9908,9911],{},[134,9906,9907],{},"Disponible",[134,9909,9910],{},"01\u002F09\u002F2026",[134,9912,9913],{},"Available September 1, 2026",[116,9915,9916,9919,9922],{},[134,9917,9918],{},"Honoraires",[134,9920,9921],{},"420 € TTC",[134,9923,9924],{},"Agency fees 420 euros including tax",[10,9926,9927,9928],{},"The most important first read is: ",[14,9929,9930],{},"920 € per month charges included, furnished T2, 42 m², 4th floor with elevator, 1,700 € deposit, available September 1.",[102,9932,9934],{"id":9933},"common-french-rental-listing-abbreviations","Common French rental listing abbreviations",[10,9936,9937],{},"French listings love abbreviations.",[110,9939,9940,9952],{},[113,9941,9942],{},[116,9943,9944,9947,9950],{},[119,9945,9946],{},"Abbreviation",[119,9948,9949],{},"Full form",[119,9951,124],{},[129,9953,9954,9962,9970,9978,9986,9994,10003,10013,10022,10031,10039,10048,10058,10067,10076,10087],{},[116,9955,9956,9958,9960],{},[134,9957,7388],{},[134,9959,7394],{},[134,9961,7597],{},[116,9963,9964,9966,9968],{},[134,9965,7391],{},[134,9967,7397],{},[134,9969,7608],{},[116,9971,9972,9974,9976],{},[134,9973,8217],{},[134,9975,7403],{},[134,9977,7618],{},[116,9979,9980,9982,9984],{},[134,9981,7450],{},[134,9983,9117],{},[134,9985,7700],{},[116,9987,9988,9990,9992],{},[134,9989,7792],{},[134,9991,9155],{},[134,9993,9150],{},[116,9995,9996,9998,10001],{},[134,9997,8909],{},[134,9999,10000],{},"rez-de-chaussée",[134,10002,8779],{},[116,10004,10005,10008,10010],{},[134,10006,10007],{},"sdb",[134,10009,8522],{},[134,10011,10012],{},"Bathroom",[116,10014,10015,10018,10020],{},[134,10016,10017],{},"sde",[134,10019,8530],{},[134,10021,8533],{},[116,10023,10024,10027,10029],{},[134,10025,10026],{},"ch.",[134,10028,8491],{},[134,10030,8494],{},[116,10032,10033,10035,10037],{},[134,10034,8677],{},[134,10036,8669],{},[134,10038,8672],{},[116,10040,10041,10043,10046],{},[134,10042,7756],{},[134,10044,10045],{},"mètres carrés",[134,10047,8664],{},[116,10049,10050,10052,10055],{},[134,10051,9288],{},[134,10053,10054],{},"toutes taxes comprises",[134,10056,10057],{},"Including tax",[116,10059,10060,10063,10065],{},[134,10061,10062],{},"Hono.",[134,10064,7441],{},[134,10066,7639],{},[116,10068,10069,10072,10074],{},[134,10070,10071],{},"dispo",[134,10073,7817],{},[134,10075,9421],{},[116,10077,10078,10081,10084],{},[134,10079,10080],{},"coloc",[134,10082,10083],{},"colocation",[134,10085,10086],{},"Flatshare",[116,10088,10089,10092,10094],{},[134,10090,10091],{},"pkg",[134,10093,7784],{},[134,10095,8996],{},[10,10097,9392,10098,10101,10102,373],{},[14,10099,10100],{},"920 € CC",", read it as ",[14,10103,10104],{},"920 euros charges included",[102,10106,10108],{"id":10107},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[10,10110,10111],{},"Here are the mistakes that make French apartment listings harder than they need to be.",[110,10113,10114,10123],{},[113,10115,10116],{},[116,10117,10118,10120],{},[119,10119,2861],{},[119,10121,10122],{},"Better reading habit",[129,10124,10125,10133,10141,10149,10157,10165,10173,10181,10189],{},[116,10126,10127,10130],{},[134,10128,10129],{},"Comparing CC and HC rents directly",[134,10131,10132],{},"First check whether charges are included",[116,10134,10135,10138],{},[134,10136,10137],{},"Reading pièces as bedrooms",[134,10139,10140],{},"Count pièces as main rooms",[116,10142,10143,10146],{},[134,10144,10145],{},"Confusing caution and dépôt de garantie",[134,10147,10148],{},"Caution often means guarantor; dépôt de garantie is the deposit",[116,10150,10151,10154],{},[134,10152,10153],{},"Ignoring honoraires",[134,10155,10156],{},"Agency fees can matter at move-in",[116,10158,10159,10162],{},[134,10160,10161],{},"Skipping DPE",[134,10163,10164],{},"Energy class can affect comfort and cost",[116,10166,10167,10170],{},[134,10168,10169],{},"Missing en supplément",[134,10171,10172],{},"It means extra cost",[116,10174,10175,10178],{},[134,10176,10177],{},"Ignoring étage and ascenseur",[134,10179,10180],{},"Upper floors without elevator change daily life",[116,10182,10183,10186],{},[134,10184,10185],{},"Sending documents too quickly",[134,10187,10188],{},"Verify the listing before sharing sensitive files",[116,10190,10191,10194],{},[134,10192,10193],{},"Missing bail mobilité",[134,10195,10196],{},"It has specific conditions",[102,10198,2963],{"id":2962},[10,10200,10201],{},"When you look at a French apartment listing, scan in this order:",[3947,10203,10204,10209,10215,10220,10225,10230,10235,10241,10247,10253,10259,10265],{},[49,10205,10206,10208],{},[14,10207,9826],{},": monthly rent",[49,10210,10211,10214],{},[14,10212,10213],{},"CC \u002F HC",": charges included or excluded",[49,10216,10217,10219],{},[14,10218,8005],{},": amount and payment method",[49,10221,10222,10224],{},[14,10223,8189],{},": deposit",[49,10226,10227,10229],{},[14,10228,9918],{},": agency fees",[49,10231,10232,10234],{},[14,10233,8630],{},": size in m²",[49,10236,10237,10240],{},[14,10238,10239],{},"Pièces \u002F chambres",": layout",[49,10242,10243,10246],{},[14,10244,10245],{},"Étage \u002F ascenseur",": floor and elevator",[49,10248,10249,10252],{},[14,10250,10251],{},"Meublé \u002F non meublé",": furnished status",[49,10254,10255,10258],{},[14,10256,10257],{},"DPE \u002F GES",": energy and emissions classes",[49,10260,10261,10264],{},[14,10262,10263],{},"Disponible \u002F libre",": move-in timing",[49,10266,10267,10270],{},[14,10268,10269],{},"Dossier \u002F garant",": application requirements",[102,10272,10274],{"id":10273},"useful-message-phrases","Useful message phrases",[110,10276,10277,10285],{},[113,10278,10279],{},[116,10280,10281,10283],{},[119,10282,7488],{},[119,10284,124],{},[129,10286,10287,10295,10303,10311,10319,10327,10335,10343,10351,10359],{},[116,10288,10289,10292],{},[134,10290,10291],{},"Le logement est-il toujours disponible ?",[134,10293,10294],{},"Is the apartment still available?",[116,10296,10297,10300],{},[134,10298,10299],{},"Je suis intéressé(e) par cet appartement.",[134,10301,10302],{},"I am interested in this apartment.",[116,10304,10305,10308],{},[134,10306,10307],{},"Quand est-il possible de faire une visite ?",[134,10309,10310],{},"When is it possible to view it?",[116,10312,10313,10316],{},[134,10314,10315],{},"Le loyer est-il charges comprises ?",[134,10317,10318],{},"Is the rent charges included?",[116,10320,10321,10324],{},[134,10322,10323],{},"Quelles charges sont incluses ?",[134,10325,10326],{},"Which charges are included?",[116,10328,10329,10332],{},[134,10330,10331],{},"Le chauffage est-il inclus dans les charges ?",[134,10333,10334],{},"Is heating included in the charges?",[116,10336,10337,10340],{},[134,10338,10339],{},"Quel est le montant du dépôt de garantie ?",[134,10341,10342],{},"What is the deposit amount?",[116,10344,10345,10348],{},[134,10346,10347],{},"Le logement est-il meublé ?",[134,10349,10350],{},"Is the apartment furnished?",[116,10352,10353,10356],{},[134,10354,10355],{},"Quels documents faut-il pour le dossier ?",[134,10357,10358],{},"Which documents are needed for the application file?",[116,10360,10361,10364],{},[134,10362,10363],{},"J'ai un garant.",[134,10365,10366],{},"I have a guarantor.",[102,10368,10370],{"id":10369},"faq","FAQ",[3099,10372,10374],{"id":10373},"what-does-loyer-cc-mean","What does loyer CC mean?",[10,10376,10377,10380,10381,9114,10383,373],{},[14,10378,10379],{},"Loyer CC"," means rent with charges included. ",[14,10382,7388],{},[14,10384,7394],{},[3099,10386,10388],{"id":10387},"what-does-loyer-hc-mean","What does loyer HC mean?",[10,10390,10391,10394,10395,9114,10397,373],{},[14,10392,10393],{},"Loyer HC"," means rent excluding charges. ",[14,10396,7391],{},[14,10398,7397],{},[3099,10400,10402],{"id":10401},"what-does-dépôt-de-garantie-mean","What does dépôt de garantie mean?",[10,10404,10405,10407],{},[14,10406,8189],{}," means security deposit. It is paid when the lease is signed and is separate from monthly rent.",[3099,10409,10411],{"id":10410},"what-does-caution-mean-in-a-french-apartment-listing","What does caution mean in a French apartment listing?",[10,10413,10414,10416,10417,71,10419,10422],{},[14,10415,8193],{}," often means guarantor, especially in phrases like ",[14,10418,7808],{},[14,10420,10421],{},"caution solidaire",". Some people also use it casually for deposit, so check the context.",[3099,10424,10426],{"id":10425},"what-does-t2-mean-in-a-french-listing","What does T2 mean in a French listing?",[10,10428,10429,10432],{},[14,10430,10431],{},"T2"," usually means two main rooms: often one bedroom plus one living room. It does not mean two bedrooms.",[3099,10434,10436],{"id":10435},"what-does-meublé-mean","What does meublé mean?",[10,10438,10439,10442],{},[14,10440,10441],{},"Meublé"," means furnished. A furnished rental includes furniture and equipment for normal living.",[3099,10444,10446],{"id":10445},"what-does-dpe-mean","What does DPE mean?",[10,10448,10449,8743,10451,10453],{},[14,10450,7450],{},[14,10452,9117],{},", or energy performance diagnosis. It gives energy and emissions ratings.",[3099,10455,10457],{"id":10456},"what-does-honoraires-mean","What does honoraires mean?",[10,10459,10460,10462],{},[14,10461,9918],{}," means fees. In rental ads, it often refers to agency fees paid by the tenant.",[3099,10464,10466],{"id":10465},"what-does-libre-de-suite-mean","What does libre de suite mean?",[10,10468,10469,10471],{},[14,10470,9519],{}," means available immediately.",[102,10473,3062],{"id":3061},[46,10475,10476,10483,10490,10497],{},[49,10477,10478],{},[3054,10479,10482],{"href":10480,"rel":10481},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.service-public.gouv.fr\u002Fparticuliers\u002Fvosdroits\u002FF35323",[3071],"Service Public: What a rental ad must indicate",[49,10484,10485],{},[3054,10486,10489],{"href":10487,"rel":10488},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.service-public.gouv.fr\u002Fparticuliers\u002Fvosdroits\u002FF31269",[3071],"Service Public: Security deposit in a residential lease",[49,10491,10492],{},[3054,10493,10496],{"href":10494,"rel":10495},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.service-public.gouv.fr\u002Fparticuliers\u002Fvosdroits\u002FF947",[3071],"Service Public: Charges paid by the tenant",[49,10498,10499],{},[3054,10500,10503],{"href":10501,"rel":10502},"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.service-public.gouv.fr\u002Fparticuliers\u002Fvosdroits\u002FF1169",[3071],"Service Public: Documents a future tenant can provide",{"title":3190,"searchDepth":3191,"depth":3191,"links":10505},[10506,10507,10508,10509,10510,10511,10512,10513,10514,10515,10516,10517,10518,10519,10520,10521,10522,10523,10524,10525,10526,10537],{"id":7475,"depth":3191,"text":7476},{"id":7720,"depth":3191,"text":7721},{"id":7822,"depth":3191,"text":7823},{"id":7999,"depth":3191,"text":8000},{"id":8183,"depth":3191,"text":8184},{"id":8316,"depth":3191,"text":8317},{"id":8453,"depth":3191,"text":8454},{"id":8624,"depth":3191,"text":8625},{"id":8749,"depth":3191,"text":8750},{"id":8916,"depth":3191,"text":8917},{"id":9108,"depth":3191,"text":9109},{"id":9247,"depth":3191,"text":9248},{"id":9398,"depth":3191,"text":9399},{"id":9546,"depth":3191,"text":9547},{"id":9671,"depth":3191,"text":9672},{"id":9780,"depth":3191,"text":9781},{"id":9933,"depth":3191,"text":9934},{"id":10107,"depth":3191,"text":10108},{"id":2962,"depth":3191,"text":2963},{"id":10273,"depth":3191,"text":10274},{"id":10369,"depth":3191,"text":10370,"children":10527},[10528,10529,10530,10531,10532,10533,10534,10535,10536],{"id":10373,"depth":3215,"text":10374},{"id":10387,"depth":3215,"text":10388},{"id":10401,"depth":3215,"text":10402},{"id":10410,"depth":3215,"text":10411},{"id":10425,"depth":3215,"text":10426},{"id":10435,"depth":3215,"text":10436},{"id":10445,"depth":3215,"text":10446},{"id":10456,"depth":3215,"text":10457},{"id":10465,"depth":3215,"text":10466},{"id":3061,"depth":3191,"text":3062},"Learn how to read a French apartment listing, including loyer, charges comprises, dépôt de garantie, surface habitable, pièces, étage, meublé and DPE.",{},"\u002Fblog\u002Fen\u002Fhow-to-read-french-apartment-listing","2026-06-09",{"title":7354,"description":10538},"Learn how to read French apartment listings, including loyer CC, charges, dépôt de garantie, surface habitable, pièces, étage, meublé, honoraires and DPE.","How to Read a French Apartment Listing: Loyer, Charges and DPE","how-to-read-french-apartment-listing","blog\u002Fen\u002Fhow-to-read-french-apartment-listing",[10548,10549,10550,10551,10552],"French apartment vocabulary","French rental terms","French reading practice","France housing","French real estate","VqrgociGEfh27b0vb3kfSPuFUEL7qzJldJ8fjWrSrmw",1783475152434]