Grammar
Spanish A1
The first grammar patterns that let you read short Spanish scenes with confidence.
On this level
- Identity and description
Start with the verbs and agreement patterns that appear everywhere in beginner Spanish.
- Present-tense foundations
Build the sentence frames that power daily routines and short stories.
- Everyday sentence tools
These structures appear early in dialogues, menus, and short interactions.
Identity and description
Start with the verbs and agreement patterns that appear everywhere in beginner Spanish.
Articles and gender
Spanish nouns normally travel with articles, and those articles help signal gender and number.
Ser and estar
Use ser for identity and core description, and use estar for condition or location.
Hay vs está / están
Use hay to say that something exists, and use está or están to say where a specific thing is.
Present-tense foundations
Build the sentence frames that power daily routines and short stories.
Present tense for regular verbs
Regular -ar, -er, and -ir verbs give you a predictable way to talk about everyday actions.
Ir a + infinitive
Use ir a plus an infinitive to talk about near-future plans in a direct, conversational way.
Tener que + infinitive
Use tener que plus an infinitive to express obligation or something that needs to be done.
Everyday sentence tools
These structures appear early in dialogues, menus, and short interactions.
Gustar and similar verbs
Gustar works from the point of view of what is pleasing, not from the English pattern of “I like something.”
No and basic questions
No goes directly before the verb, and many beginner questions rely on intonation or a question word.
Question words
Words like qué, quién, cuándo, dónde, and por qué help Spanish ask for the exact missing information.